Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:58:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 440818.pdf: 9330116 bytes, checksum: 593e3db55c6eb96b1b60a9c7711e854b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / This work addresses the topic geological storage of CO2 in oil wells from the point of view of studying the integrity of materials, specifically cement paste used to cement and seal oil and gas wells. The degradation of class G cement paste was evaluated after exposure to wet supercritical CO2 and in the presence of different concentrations of saline solutions (NaCl 0.5 M, 1M, 2M and 4M) in terms of microstructural changes and compressive strength. The degradation tests of cement paste were carried out at a temperature of 70 ? C and 15 MPa, which corresponds to a well of approximately 1.500 m, for a period up to 50 days. The mechanism of degradation of cement observed involves the dissolution of portlandite, the precipitation of calcium carbonate (cement carbonation) and subsequent dissolution of carbonates, creating a highly porous layer near the surface of samples (bicarbonate layer). The results obtained indicate that the chemically modified layer due to reactions involving CO2 has a tendence to decrease as the salinity of the solution increase up to 2 M, which in this case is probably associated with the fact that the solubility of CO2 in solution decreases as salinity increases. However, for concentration of 4 M, close to NaCl saturation in solution, an increase in thickness of the layer chemically altered was observed, which can be related to high chemical activity of CO2 in this concentration, once its activity increases greatly with salinity. The chemical degradation suffered by the cement paste due to exposition to CO2 for periods up to 50 days did not affect its compressive strength; on the contrary for most of the cases a small increase on compressive strength was observed, which may be associated with the pore clogging by carbonates / Este trabalho aborda o tema armazenamento geol?gico de CO2 sob o ponto de vista do estudo da integridade de materiais, mais especificamente da pasta de cimento utilizada no revestimento e selo de po?os de petr?leo e g?s e po?os para armazenamento de CO2. A degrada??o da pasta de cimento classe G foi avaliada ap?s exposi??o ao CO2 supercr?tico ?mido e em presen?a de solu??o salina de diferentes concentra??es (NaCl 0,5M, 1M, 2M e 4M) em termos de mudan?as microestruturais e resist?ncia ? compress?o. Os testes de degrada??o da pasta de cimento foram realizados a 70?C e 15 MPa, o que corresponde a um po?o de aproximadamente 1.500 m, por per?odos de at? 50 dias. O mecanismo de degrada??o da pasta de cimento observado envolve a dissolu??o da portlandita, a precipita??o de carbonato de c?lcio (carbonata??o do cimento) e posterior dissolu??o desses carbonatos, criando uma camada de elevada porosidade e baixa resist?ncia pr?ximo ? superf?cie das amostras (camada bicarbonatada). Os resultados obtidos indicam que as camadas alteradas quimicamente devido ?s rea??es envolvendo o CO2 apresentam uma tend?ncia de diminui??o ? medida que a salinidade aumenta at? a concentra??o de 2 M, o que pode ser explicado pelo fato que a solubilidade do CO2 diminui a medida que a salinidade da solu??o aumenta. Entretanto, para a concentra??o de 4 M, pr?xima a satura??o do NaCl em solu??o, houve um aumento da camada alterada quimicamente, o que pode ser atribu?do ? alta atividade qu?mica do CO2 nesta concentra??o, uma vez que esta aumenta muito com a salinidade para meios contendo CaCO3. A degrada??o qu?mica sofrida pela pasta de cimento pela exposi??o ao CO2 por um tempo de at? 50 dias n?o comprometeu sua resist?ncia ? compress?o. Para a maioria dos casos observou-se o contr?rio, um pequeno aumento na mesma, o que pode estar associado com o fechamento dos poros com cristais de carbonato

Resumo: Nesta pesquisa foram temas de estudo diversos aspectos relacionados à técnica de biorremediação de solos e águas subterrâneas contaminados com hidrocarbonetos. A partir de amostras de solo e água subterrânea coletadas em diferentes postos de combustíveis, avaliouse a biorremediação natural da água subterrânea em local onde ocorreu vazamento de óleo diesel, mediante o monitoramento de indicadores geoquímicos durante 2 anos. Diferentes técnicas de biorremediação (bioestimulação com a adição de nutrientes e de um surfactante e bioaumento (injeção de microrganismos)) foram comparadas quando aplicadas isoladas e em conjunto a solos contaminados com óleo diesel e comparou-se a capacidade de diferentes microrganismos em biodegradar óleo diesel comercial e intemperizado. Conciliando a biorremediação com a prática atual no gerenciamento ambiental de reutilização de resíduos, avaliou-se o efeito da adição da vinhaça na biorremediação de solos e águas subterrâneas contaminados com óleo diesel e investigou-se a capacidade de diferentes culturas de bactérias em utilizarem óleo diesel intemperizado como matéria prima para produção de biossurfactante. O método respirométrico de Bartha e Pramer foi utilizado nos experimentos em que foi averiguada a biodegradação em solos e, no caso da água subterrânea, frascos de DBO e reatores aerados. Experimentos de biodegradabilidade dos óleos diesel foram realizados com a técnica do indicador redox DCPIP e o monitoramento da produção de biossurfactantes foi realizado com medidas de tensão superficial, segundo o método do anel de De Nöuy, empregando-se o tensiômetro Krüss K6. A partir do monitoramento dos indicadores geoquímicos, foi possível identificar fatores que corroboram a eficiência da técnica de biorremediação natural para o tratamento da água subterrânea na área de estudo. / Abstract: In this research, different aspects related to the bioremediation technique of soils and groundwaters contaminated with hydrocarbons were considered. From soil and groundwater samples collected at different petrol stations, the natural bioremediation of the groundwater, where a diesel oil leakage took place, was evaluated by monitoring geochemical indicators for 2 years. Different bioremediation techniques (biostimulation with addition of nutrients and a surfactant and bioaugmentation (injection of microorganisms)) were compared when applied individually or grouped to contaminated soils with diesel oil and the capability of different microorganisms to biodegrade commercial and weathered diesel oil was compared. Considering the current environmental management practice of reusing residues, the effects of the vinasse in the bioremediation of soils and groundwaters contaminated with diesel oil was evaluated and the capability of different bacterial cultures to use weathered diesel oil as raw material to produce biosurfactant was investigated. The Bartha & Pramer respirometric method was employed in the biodegradation experiments with soils, and, in the case of the groundwater, BOD flasks and aerated reactors. The experiments testing the biodegradability of diesel oils were carried out using the DCPIP redox indicator technique and the monitoring of the biosurfactant production by superficial tension measurements, according to the De Nöuy ring method, and employing the Krüss K6 tensiometer. From the monitoring of the geochemical indicators, it was possible to identify factors that support the efficiency of the natural bioremediation technique for the treatment of the groundwater at the area of study. The respirometric experiments demonstrated the importance of the soil nutritional balance and that no gain in terms of increasing the biodegradation efficiency was obtained with the bioaugmentation technique. / Orientador: Daniel Marcos Bonotto / Coorientador: Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis / Banca: Carlos Renato Corso / Banca: Bruno Coraucci Filho / Banca: Cassiana Maria Reganhan Coneglian / Banca: Aurora Mariana Garcia de França Souza / Doutor

Early research into the stable hydrogen isotopic compositions (δD) of petroleum involved bulk deuterium/hydrogen (D/H) measurements which, while providing some useful information, had to contend with the analysis of complex mixtures of hydrocarbons, and alteration resulting from the rapid exchange of nitrogen-, oxygen- and sulphur-bound hydrogen. The use of gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-irMS) overcomes these problems by allowing the analysis of individual compounds containing only the most isotopically conservative aliphatic carbon-bound (C-bound) hydrogen. This project investigates the geochemical utility and reliability of compound-specific δD values, with the aim to better understand and exploit this analytical capability. To demonstrate the source diagnostic potential of compound-specific δD values, normal and branched alkanes extracted from series of immature bog-head coals (torbanites) were analysed. The torbanites contain immature organic matter predominantly from a single, freshwater algal source, i.e. Botryococcus braunii (B. braunii). The δD values of n-alkanes reflect the climate regime at the time of deposition of the torbanites, and vary mainly in response to the δD values of the source meteoric waters in their depositional environments. n-Alkanes from torbanites deposited at high latitude in a glacial climate are depleted in D by up to 70% relative to those from a torbanite deposited at low latitude under a tropical climate regime. Torbanites deposited in a mid-latitude region under cool-temperate conditions contain n-alkanes with δD values falling in between those of n-alkanes from tropical and glacial torbanites. / The δD values of the n-alkanes also reflect their multiple source inputs. For example, a saw-toothed profile of n-alkane δD values in Australian torbanites is attributed to a dual-source system: a predominant B. braunii input, with a minor terrestrial plant input to odd-carbon-numbered n-alkanes in the range n-C20 [subscript] to n-C29 [subscript]. The δD values of n-alkanes and isoprenoids (pristane and phytane) differ significantly in two Permian torbanites from Australia, thought to be reflective of the offset between the δD values of their precursors in extant organisms. The torbanite data indicate that a biological δD signal has been preserved for at least 260–280 million years, extending the utility of δD values for palaeoclimate studies. To elucidate the effect of sedimentary processes on the δD values of petroleum hydrocarbons, three sedimentary sequences have been studied. These comprise one from the Perth Basin (Western Australia) and two from the Vulcan Sub-basin (northern Australia) covering a wide range of maturities, i.e. 0.53–1.6% vitrinite reflectance (Ro). The δD values of n-alkanes extracted from immature-early mature sediments (marine shales/siltstones and mudstones) are consistent with that expected of marine-derived n-alkyl lipids. The hydrocarbons become enriched in D with increasing maturity. The large (ca. 115%) biologically-derived offset between the δD values of n-alkanes and acyclic isoprenoids from immature sediments gradually decreases with increasing maturity, as the isoprenoids become enriched in D more rapidly than the n-alkanes. The D-enrichment in isoprenoids correlates strongly with Ro and traditional molecular maturity parameters. / This suggests that H/D exchange during maturation occurs via a mechanism involving carbocation-like intermediates, which proceeds more rapidly with compounds containing tertiary carbon centres. Significant epimerisation of pristane and phytane coincides with their D-enrichment, suggesting that hydrogen exchange occurs at their tertiary carbons. A mechanism is proposed which can account for both H/D exchange and the epimerisation of pristane and phytane in the sedimentary environment. Pristane and phytane extracted from a post-mature sediment from the Paqualin-1 sequence are significantly enriched in D (ca. 40%) relative to the n-alkanes, indicating that D-enrichment persists at very high maturity, and is more pronounced for the regular isoprenoids than the n-alkanes. This supports the notion that H/D exchange causes the observed shift in δD values, rather than free-radical hydrogen transfer. The differences between the δD values of pristane and phytane show opposite trends in the Perth Basin and Vulcan Sub-basin sediments. In the Perth Basin, phytane is enriched in D relative to pristane, likely due to a dominant algal source. In the Vulcan Sub-basin, pristane is enriched in D relative to phytane, and thus is attributed to a lower relative input of algal organic matter. The variance of the δD values of pristane and phytane is generally consistent throughout the maturity range and provides evidence that pristane and phytane exchange hydrogen at similar rates. δD analysis of crude oils and condensates reservoired in the Perth Basin and Vulcan Sub-basin has been carried out to evaluate potential applications in oil-source correlation. / The n-alkanes from crude oils and condensates are often more enriched in D than n-alkanes extracted from their supposed source rocks, and the oils also show relatively small differences between the δD values of n-alkanes and isoprenoids. These results suggest significant H/D exchange has occurred, implying that the liquids were generated from mature source rocks. A Perth Basin crude oil (Gage Roads-1) thought to be derived from a lacustrine/terrestrial source contains hydrocarbons that are significantly depleted in D relative to Perth Basin oils derived from a marine source, attributed to variability in the isotopic composition of marine and terrestrial source waters. δD values of n-alkanes from Vulcan Sub-basin crude oils and condensates are largely consistent with their prior classification into two groups: Group A, having a marine source affinity; and Group B, having a terrigenous source affinity. Some oils and condensates are suggested to be mixtures of Group A and Group B hydrocarbons, or Group A hydrocarbons and other as yet unknown sources. An exception is a former Group A oil (Tenacious-1) containing n-alkanes that are enriched in D relative to those from other Group A oils and condensates, attributed to mixing with another source of more mature hydrocarbons. The n-alkane δD profile appears to be indicative of source and sedimentary processes. One Perth Basin crude oil (Dongara-14) contains lower-molecular-weight n-alkanes that are depleted in D relative to higher-molecular-weight n-alkanes, attributed to a mixed marine/terrestrial source. / Group A crude oils and condensates from the Vulcan Sub-basin display a ‘bowl-shaped’ profile of n-alkane δD values. An upward inflection in the n-alkane δD profile from n-C11 [subscript] to n-C15 [subscript] is suggested to represent the addition of D-enriched lower-molecular-weight n-alkanes from a more mature wet gas/condensate to an initial charge of lower maturity oil. Ultimately, this project has demonstrated that the δD values of individual petroleum hydrocarbons can be used to elucidate the nature of source organic matter and depositional environments. The preservation potential of lipid δD values is greater than previously thought, although it is clear that H/D exchange accompanying maturation can have a significant effect on the δD values of certain hydrocarbons. Thus, great care must be taken when interpreting δD values of individual hydrocarbons, particularly those derived from sediments of high thermal maturity.

Petrol attendants are exposed to petrol volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which may have genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) is a method highly sensitive to DNA damage induced by environmental and occupational exposure to carcinogenic and mutagenic agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of exposure of petrol attendants to petrol VOCs and also to determine their effect on DNA damage and repair in lymphocytes of African petrol attendants. The exposed group consisted of 20 subjects, randomly selected from three petrol stations. A control group of 20 unexposed subjects was also chosen and matched for age and smoking habits with the exposed group. Sorbent tubes were used to assess personal exposure of petrol attendants. The comet assay was used to investigate the basal DNA damage and repair capacity in isolated lymphocytes of petrol attendants and control subjects. Blood samples were taken from the petrol attendants at the end of their 8 hour working shift and also from the control subjects. The petrol attendants were found to be exposed to levels of petrol VOCs lower than the occupational exposure limit (OEL) for constituent chemicals. A significant relationship was found between the volume of petrol sold during the shift and the average concentrations of benzene, toluene and the total VOCs measured. However, relative humidity had a negative correlation with the average concentrations of benzene, toluene, xylene and the total VOCs. Significantly higher basal DNA damage was observed with the exposed group compared to the control group. The period of exposure influenced the level of DNA damage and the calculated repair capacity. Smoking and age had a significant influence on the level of DNA damage. DNA repair capacity was delayed in smokers of both exposed and non-exposed group. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Occupational Hygiene))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Land contamination is an acknowledged problem around the world due to its potentially adverse impacts on human health and the environment. Specifically in Europe there are estimated to be 2,500,000 potentially contaminated sites. The risk that contaminated sites pose is investigated by risk assessments. The methods and the models though used in risk assessments, vary both on a national and an international level. In this study, the risk assessment methods and models for polluted soils used in Scandinavia and issued by the Environmental Protection Agencies were compared. The comparison aimed to (i) identify similarities and differences in the risk assessment methodology and risk assessment methods and to (ii) investigate to which extend these differences can impact the results of the models and the implications regarding mitigation measures. The method and model comparison showed that Sweden and Norway have great similarities in assessing risks for contaminated soil. However, there are differences with Denmark on a conceptual level. When a common hypothetical petrol station with 20 soil samples was assessed, the results and the conclusions of the three risk assessments were quite different; the site was seen as posing risk to human health with the Danish model when complied with the quality criteria issued by the Norwegian model. The Swedish risk assessment concluded that the contaminant concentration in 3 out of 20 samples was potentially harmful for the environment but not for human health. The demonstrated divergence of the conclusions of risk assessments has major implications and shows great interest for mainly four groups: Land-owners who may be called to cover the expenses for remedial action. Consultants and companies who perform risk assessments and land remediation. The countries that have to meet national and international environmental goals and can also share/ or cover the cost for remedial action. The people exposed to such environments that could be deemed as potentially harmful by a neighboring country. The study was conducted in collaboration with URS Nordic.

Petrol attendants are exposed to petrol volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which may have genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) is a method highly sensitive to DNA damage induced by environmental and occupational exposure to carcinogenic and mutagenic agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of exposure of petrol attendants to petrol VOCs and also to determine their effect on DNA damage and repair in lymphocytes of African petrol attendants. The exposed group consisted of 20 subjects, randomly selected from three petrol stations. A control group of 20 unexposed subjects was also chosen and matched for age and smoking habits with the exposed group. Sorbent tubes were used to assess personal exposure of petrol attendants. The comet assay was used to investigate the basal DNA damage and repair capacity in isolated lymphocytes of petrol attendants and control subjects. Blood samples were taken from the petrol attendants at the end of their 8 hour working shift and also from the control subjects. The petrol attendants were found to be exposed to levels of petrol VOCs lower than the occupational exposure limit (OEL) for constituent chemicals. A significant relationship was found between the volume of petrol sold during the shift and the average concentrations of benzene, toluene and the total VOCs measured. However, relative humidity had a negative correlation with the average concentrations of benzene, toluene, xylene and the total VOCs. Significantly higher basal DNA damage was observed with the exposed group compared to the control group. The period of exposure influenced the level of DNA damage and the calculated repair capacity. Smoking and age had a significant influence on the level of DNA damage. DNA repair capacity was delayed in smokers of both exposed and non-exposed group. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Occupational Hygiene))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Centre for the Study of Health and Society,School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Services, 2004. / Typescript (photocopy). "Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, July 2004". Includes bibliographical references (leaves 269-301).

Works on Serial and Parallel Diagnostics of Direct Fuel Injection for the Superb 1.8 TSI is concerned with the use of the Škoda Superb II. generation, based on VOŠ professional training, automotive and technical secondary school in České Budějovice. Because the car is fully functional, it is possible to demonstrate both the mode of operation and the control options on the individual components. The aim of this diploma thesis is therefore to make, document and describe diagnostics of the fuel system of the mentioned vehicle using the gauges and diagnostic tools available in the school education. I believe that I will acquire other valuable theoretical and practical knowledge, which I will apply in the technical practice.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:43:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mariano_ap_dr_rcla.pdf: 1162194 bytes, checksum: 3d879631bb2dc7a195c660cc87f20ab0 (MD5) / Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP) / Nesta pesquisa foram temas de estudo diversos aspectos relacionados à técnica de biorremediação de solos e águas subterrâneas contaminados com hidrocarbonetos. A partir de amostras de solo e água subterrânea coletadas em diferentes postos de combustíveis, avaliouse a biorremediação natural da água subterrânea em local onde ocorreu vazamento de óleo diesel, mediante o monitoramento de indicadores geoquímicos durante 2 anos. Diferentes técnicas de biorremediação (bioestimulação com a adição de nutrientes e de um surfactante e bioaumento (injeção de microrganismos)) foram comparadas quando aplicadas isoladas e em conjunto a solos contaminados com óleo diesel e comparou-se a capacidade de diferentes microrganismos em biodegradar óleo diesel comercial e intemperizado. Conciliando a biorremediação com a prática atual no gerenciamento ambiental de reutilização de resíduos, avaliou-se o efeito da adição da vinhaça na biorremediação de solos e águas subterrâneas contaminados com óleo diesel e investigou-se a capacidade de diferentes culturas de bactérias em utilizarem óleo diesel intemperizado como matéria prima para produção de biossurfactante. O método respirométrico de Bartha e Pramer foi utilizado nos experimentos em que foi averiguada a biodegradação em solos e, no caso da água subterrânea, frascos de DBO e reatores aerados. Experimentos de biodegradabilidade dos óleos diesel foram realizados com a técnica do indicador redox DCPIP e o monitoramento da produção de biossurfactantes foi realizado com medidas de tensão superficial, segundo o método do anel de De Nöuy, empregando-se o tensiômetro Krüss K6. A partir do monitoramento dos indicadores geoquímicos, foi possível identificar fatores que corroboram a eficiência da técnica de biorremediação natural para o tratamento da água subterrânea na área de estudo. / In this research, different aspects related to the bioremediation technique of soils and groundwaters contaminated with hydrocarbons were considered. From soil and groundwater samples collected at different petrol stations, the natural bioremediation of the groundwater, where a diesel oil leakage took place, was evaluated by monitoring geochemical indicators for 2 years. Different bioremediation techniques (biostimulation with addition of nutrients and a surfactant and bioaugmentation (injection of microorganisms)) were compared when applied individually or grouped to contaminated soils with diesel oil and the capability of different microorganisms to biodegrade commercial and weathered diesel oil was compared. Considering the current environmental management practice of reusing residues, the effects of the vinasse in the bioremediation of soils and groundwaters contaminated with diesel oil was evaluated and the capability of different bacterial cultures to use weathered diesel oil as raw material to produce biosurfactant was investigated. The Bartha & Pramer respirometric method was employed in the biodegradation experiments with soils, and, in the case of the groundwater, BOD flasks and aerated reactors. The experiments testing the biodegradability of diesel oils were carried out using the DCPIP redox indicator technique and the monitoring of the biosurfactant production by superficial tension measurements, according to the De Nöuy ring method, and employing the Krüss K6 tensiometer. From the monitoring of the geochemical indicators, it was possible to identify factors that support the efficiency of the natural bioremediation technique for the treatment of the groundwater at the area of study. The respirometric experiments demonstrated the importance of the soil nutritional balance and that no gain in terms of increasing the biodegradation efficiency was obtained with the bioaugmentation technique.

Submitted by LUIZ ALENCAR DALLA COSTA null (dallacosta@bcnet.com.br) on 2016-09-29T20:54:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Luiz Dalla Costa -dissertação final..docx: 2763178 bytes, checksum: d1205a8cc1c6ce9c422851bd403cf010 (MD5) Luiz Dalla Costa -dissertação final..pdf: 2124126 bytes, checksum: 1a9d6c5d70e6e67616e8084e314b2134 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-10-04T17:58:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dallacosta_la_me_ippri.pdf: 2124126 bytes, checksum: 1a9d6c5d70e6e67616e8084e314b2134 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T17:58:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dallacosta_la_me_ippri.pdf: 2124126 bytes, checksum: 1a9d6c5d70e6e67616e8084e314b2134 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 / A energia é hoje um fator central e estratégica na vida da humanidade, e ganha ainda mais centralidade neste momento de crise econômica. Das atuais fontes utilizadas, todas colocadas sempre em questão por problemas sociais, ambientais ou econômicos que geram, porém sempre defendidas pelos que querem retomar as taxas de acumulação do capital, o petróleo é uma das principais. No mundo sem dúvida o petróleo é hoje uma fonte de energia muito importante e intensamente disputada. As últimas invasões mundiais e massacre contra os povos, patrocinadas principalmente pelos Estados Unidos da América visam o controle das fontes de petróleo, em especial no Oriente Médio. No Brasil a exploração deste mineral inicia junto com uma grande luta de nosso povo afirmando que “O petróleo é nosso”, com a criação de uma importante empresa a Petrobras e do monopólio estatal. A partir dos anos 90, período neoliberal, esta configuração legal foi alterada abrindo-se a possibilidade de exploração por empresas privadas, que passam a serem donas do petróleo que conseguirem extrair em território brasileiro. A ascensão de um governo de composição neodesenvolvimentista, a partir de 2002, a descoberta do Pré-sal em 2006, traz à tona o debate sobre o destino desta importante riqueza, criando as condições para a aprovação de um novo marco legal para o pré-sal. A partir de 2006 percebe-se um grande movimento desta indústria, e em especial da Petrobras, que consolida o Brasil como país em boas condições para o seu desenvolvimento. Neste estudo investigamos, na atualidade, esta poderosa indústria do petróleo, as grandes disputas sob o ponto de vista da luta de classes, e indicamos territórios onde, em tendência, podem se aprofundar as disputas no próximo período, compreendendo a dinâmica destas disputas como parte de uma luta constante. / Energy is today a main strategic factor in human life, which within this moment of economic crisis turns even more central. From the energy sources used today – which is debated due its generation of social, environmental or economic problems – but, which is always defended by those who are willing to retake its rate of capital accumulation – which for petrol is one of the main source for it. Petrol is today, without doubt, one of the most important source of energy in the world which is highly disputed. The recent world invasions and massacres against the people sponsored manly by United States of America targets the control over the petrol sources, especially those in the Middle East. In Brazil the exploitation of this mineral starts with a big struggle “The oil is ours”, with the creation of an important company, Petrobras and of state monopoly. During the nineties, period of neoliberalism, this legal configuration has changed and opened for the open exploitation of private companies. This meant that the companies that exploited the oil were owners of the reserves. With the change to a “neo-developmental” government in 2002 and the discovery of Petrobras of new petrol reserves, called “pre-salt” in 2006, generated the debate on the destination of this important wealth, creating conditions for the approval of a new legal framework for the exploitation of the pre-salt. From 2006 we can see a big move in the industry, especially in Petrobras, which consolidates in Brazil a good condition for the development of this industry. In this study we investigate, today, this powerful oil industry, the major disputes from the point of view of the class struggle, and indicate areas where there is a tendency to deepen disputes in the coming period, understanding the dynamics of these disputes as a constant struggle.