Orientador: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes / Banca: Hélio Grassi Filho / Banca: Edison Ulisses Ramos Junior / Resumo: A nutri„…o mineral do feijoeiro com macro e micronutrientes  fundamental para a sobreviv‡ncia, desenvolvimento afetando diretamente a produtividade. Os micronutrientes por sua vez s…o essenciais em pequenas quantidades, sendo sua corre„…o complexa, para que os nŠveis necessŒrios †s plantas sejam atendidos. Dentre esses micronutrientes, o Zn  um nutriente escasso em solos brasileiros, bem como o Mo que possui vital import“ncia, pois melhora o aproveitamento de N2 pelas bactrias do g‡nero Rhizobium, as quais promovem simbiose com as plantas. Estes micronutrientes foram estudados pelo fato de ambos poderem contribuir para o incremento da produtividade do feijoeiro. Devido a esse fato, para que se consiga aumentar a produtividade, em alguns casos,  necessŒria uma aduba„…o complementar. Apesar de existirem vŒrios mtodos de fertiliza„…o, devido a particularidades, eles nem sempre se mostram eficientes. Com isso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os componentes de produ„…o, teor e acumula„…o de nutrientes nos gr…os do feijoeiro Cultivar IAC - Alvorada, em dois tipos de solo, sob diferentes formas de aplica„…o lŠquida desses micronutrientes (Zn e Mo). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em t‘nel plŒstico, no Departamento de Recursos Naturais/Ci‡ncia do Solo da FCA/UNESP Campus de Botucatu/SP. Os solos utilizados foram Latossolo Vermelho Escuro distrfico textura mdia (Led) e Latossolo Roxo distrfico textura argilosa (LR). Os vasos utilizados no experimento foram de 15 dm3 de terra seca ao ar passada em peneira de 4 mm. Os tratamentos foram compostos quanto † forma de aplica„…o sendo: pulverizado junto † semente, pulverizado junto ao adubo NPK na semeadura e pulverizado na superfície do solo. E quanto à adição de Zn e Mo foram: com Mo, com Zn e com Mo + Zn (juntos); foram também utilizadas três testemunhas: duas relativas, sendo a primeira... (resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The mineral nutrition of beans with macro and micronutrients is indispensable to survival, development and affects directly productivity. Micronutrients in turn are needed in small quantities, being difficult its correction, to the levels required by plants are supplied. Amongst theses micronutrients, Zn is a sparse nutrient in Brazilian soils, on the other hand Mo has a vital importance, because improve the utilization of N2 by bacteria of genus Rhizobium, which promote symbiosis with plants. Theses micronutrients were studied because both can affect to increase common beans productivity. Because of this, to improve productivity is almost always required an additional fertilizer. Although there are a lot of fertilization methods, for some particularities, they do not always demonstrate efficient. For that reason, the purpose of this study was to evaluate production components, content and nutrients accumulation in the grain of common beans cv "IAC - Alvorada", in two kinds of soil, into different methods of liquid application of theses micronutrients (Zn and Mo). The research was carried out in a greenhouse of Natural Resources Department/Soil Sciences, FCA/UNESP, Botucatu/SP, the used soils were Red Latosol medium texture and a Red Latosol clayey texture. The pots used on that research were 15dm3 of dry land to air passed through sieve of 4 mm. The treatments were consisted of application methods: sprayed on seeds, sprayed on fertilizer NPK at sowing and sprayed on the soil surface. And consisted of Zn and Mo addition were: with Mo, Zn and Mo + Zn (together); three more controls: two relatives controls with Zn mixed with NPK and leaf fertilization with Mo and one more called absolute control, without Zn and Mo addition. It consisted of twelve treatments with four replications; the experimental design was completely randomized blocks. It was concluded that methods of micronutrient... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-09-05T17:35:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Moçambique, Pedro Antonio - 2010.pdf: 1847856 bytes, checksum: 913aad73e5dbc897fff5c2698ba75f38 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-05T17:35:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Moçambique, Pedro Antonio - 2010.pdf: 1847856 bytes, checksum: 913aad73e5dbc897fff5c2698ba75f38 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-31 / Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely cropped in Brazil, the largest world consumer. P. Vulgaris species is an important source of proteins in the human diet in developing countries in tropical and sub tropical regions, especially in the Americas and West Africa. To know the genetic diversity among commercial and Creole cultivars is very useful to breeders because it allows an adequate organization of the genetic resources and a better exploitation of the available genetic diversity. The objective of this work was to identify the genetic diversity among and into Carioca type common bean accesses stored in the Active Germplasm Bank at Embrapa Arroz e Feijão. The experimental design was a completely randomized bloc with three replicates and carried out at the same institution in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Goiás with the following geographical coordinates: 16.30´S; 49.17´W at 814 m altitude. The evaluation was performed based on fifteen morphoagronomic qualitative descriptors and fifteen quantitative descriptors as well. Nine out of fifteen descriptors were uniform in all accesses. The quantitative descriptors were analyzed using canonical variate analysis; the agglomerative clustering method of Ward, and the univariate variance analysis associated with the Tukey test to evaluate the effect of clustering on the variables and to compare the means of the groups among them. Through the canonical variate analysis it was possible to discard three variables with little contribution to the total phonotypical variability among the accesses. Taking in account the twelve variables left, it was necessary to consider the first five canonical variables to explain 68% of the total variance. Even though the dispersion plot of the accesses related to the two first canonical variables (57%) evidenced phonotypical variability in the accesses studied. Variables flowering days, number of locules per pods and pod beak length were considered the most discriminatory. Accesses CF870015 and CF 830128 were identified as the most diverging between themselves. Through cluster analysis, using the fifteen quantitative descriptors, six similar groups were established. Observing the average of the phenotypic characteristics of each group and the dispersion of the accessions, it was observed concordance between the canonical variate analysis and clustering. Based on the analysis of variance of the quantitative descriptors, the variables leaf width, number of pods per plant, pod beak length and number of locules per pods indicate non significant difference, while the other variables presented highly significant differences at the 5% level. / O feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma cultura amplamente difundida no Brasil, que é o maior produtor e consumidor mundial. A espécie P.vulgaris representa uma importante fonte protéica na dieta humana dos países em desenvolvimento das regiões tropicais e subtropicais, particularmente nas Américas e no leste e sul da África. O conhecimento da diversidade genética entre as cultivares comerciais e crioulas é útil aos melhoristas, por permitir melhor organização dos recursos genéticos e maior aproveitamento da diversidade genética disponível. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a existência de diversidade entre e dentro dos acessos de feijão comum de tipo grão Carioca armazenados no Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com três repetições, e foi realizado na área experimental da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, localizada no município de Santo António de Goiás, com coordenadas geográficas 16,30´S, 49,17´W e 814 m. Os acessos foram avaliados com base em quinze descritores morfoagronômicos qualitativos e quinze quantitativos. Em nove, dos quinze descritores qualitativos foram uniformes em todos os acessos. Os descritores quantitativos foram analisados utilizando-se a análise de variáveis canônicas; o método de agrupamento aglomerativo de Ward; e a análise de variância univariada, associada ao teste de Tukey, para avaliar os efeitos dos grupos sobre as variáveis e comparar as médias dos grupos entre si. Pela análise de variáveis canônicas, foi possível descartar três variáveis que pouco contribuíram para a variabilidade fenotípica total entre os acessos. Considerando-se as doze variáveis restantes, foram necessários as três primeiras variáveis canônicas para explicar 68% da variância total. Mesmo assim, o gráfico de dispersão dos acessos em relação as duas primeiras variáveis canônicas (57%) evidenciou variabilidade fenotípica existente nos acessos. As variáveis dias de floração, número de lóculos por vagem e comprimento do dente apical, foram consideradas como os mais discriminantes. Os acessos CF870015 e CF830128 foram identificados como os mais divergentes entre si. Pela análise de agrupamento, utilizando-se os quinze descritores quantitativos, foram estabelecidos seis grupos de similaridade. Observando-se as médias das características fenotípicas de cada grupo, e a dispersão dos acessos, verificou-se concordância entre as análises de variáveis canônicas e de agrupamento. Pela análise de variância dos descritores quantitativos, os variáveis largura foliar, número de vagens por planta, largura da vagem, comprimento do dente apical, e número de lóculos por vagem, indicaram diferença não significativa, enquanto que as outras variáveis apresentaram diferença altamente significativa ao nível de significância 5%.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-02-08T16:51:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rennan do Amaral Bastos.pdf: 2824478 bytes, checksum: 5a974a7444eaef272210a147add547a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-08T16:51:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rennan do Amaral Bastos.pdf: 2824478 bytes, checksum: 5a974a7444eaef272210a147add547a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of biomass and grains in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in co-inoculation with rhizobia and plant growth promoting bacteria. The work was divided into three chapters. The first evaluated the compatibility between rhizobia and plant growth promoting bacteria and their effects on plant growth. In Petri dishes assay, Azospirillum amazonense and A. brasilense were co-inoculated with Rhizobium tropici at three application levels, and no antagonism was detected. The experiment in Leonard jars had a 5x3+3 factorial with eight replications, consisting of five bacteria (Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, B. elkanii, A. amazonense, Azospirillum brasilense and Escherichia coli) and three application levels (104, 106 and 108 CFU mL-1), all co-inoculated with R. tropici plus three additional treatments (control, nitrogen, and inoculated with R. tropici). Co-inoculation increased nodulation, N concentration and content in the shoot. The experiment in pots with soil had 3x2x2+4 factorial with four replications, consisting of three growth promoters (B. diazoefficiens, B. elkanii and A. brasilense), two application levels (104 and 106 CFU mL-1), two N sources (R. tropici and mineral N), and four additional control treatments (absolute control, nitrogen, inoculated with rhizobia and co-inoculated with AZOTOTAL?). Inoculation with A. brasilense associated with N fertilization increased the production of leaves and shoots. The second chapter aimed to evaluate the growth and production of common bean under co-inoculation. An experiment in pots with soil in a factorial 2x3+4 with 8 repetitions were performed by combining the inoculation of R. tropici with A. brasilense or B. diazoefficiens in three application levels (104, 106 and 108 CFU mL-1) plus the control treatments (absolute, nitrogen, inoculated with rhizobia and co-inoculated with AZOTOTAL?). Four replications were harvested at 45 days after sowing, and four at grain maturity. Co-inoculated plants showed shoot mass, number of pods, shoot N content, grain yield, number of seeds and pods per plant higher than the control inoculated with rhizobia. The leaf chlorophyll Falker index was similar in co-inoculated treatments and under mineral N fertilization, but lower than the exclusive inoculation R. tropici. In the third chapter it was evaluated the growth and production of common bean under different strategies of mineral N fertilization associated with co-inoculation with R. tropici and A. brasilense. The experiment had seven treatments with four replications: control; inoculation with R. tropici without N application; control with mineral N; co-inoculation with R. tropici and A. brasilense without N fertilization or application of 20 kg ha-1 of N at sowing; inoculation with R. tropici and 20 kg ha-1 of N at sowing; inoculation with A. brasilense and 20 kg ha-1 of N at sowing. Plants were harvested at 45 days after sowing and at grain maturity. Co-inoculation combined with the N fertilization resulted in higher mass values of leaves, stem, shoot, dry mass of grains, number of grains per plant and accumulation of N in pods and grains. / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produ??o de biomassa e de gr?os em feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris) sob co-inocula??o de riz?bio e bact?rias promotoras de crescimento vegetal. O trabalho foi dividido em tr?s cap?tulos. O primeiro teve como objetivo avaliar a compatibilidade entre riz?bio e bact?rias promotoras de crescimento e seus efeitos no crescimento das plantas. Em ensaio em placas de Petri, Azospirillum amazonense e A. brasilense foram co-inoculados com Rhizobium tropici em tr?s doses de aplica??o, verificando-se aus?ncia de antagonismo. O experimento em vasos de Leonard teve esquema fatorial 5x3+3 com oito repeti??es, composto por cinco bact?rias (Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, B. elkanii, Azospirillum amazonense, A. brasilense e Escherichia coli) e tr?s doses de aplica??o (104, 106 e 108 UFC mL-1), todas co-inoculadas com R. tropici, e tr?s tratamentos adicionais (testemunhas absoluta, nitrogenada, e inoculada com R. tropici). A co-inocula??o aumentou a nodula??o, teor e conte?do de N na parte a?rea. O experimento em vasos com solo teve esquema fatorial 3x2x2+4 com quatro repeti??es, composto por tr?s promotores de crescimento (B. diazoefficiens, B. elkanii e A. brasilense), duas doses (104 e 106 UFC mL-1), duas fontes de N (R. tropici e N mineral), e quatro tratamentos adicionais (testemunhas absoluta, nitrogenada, inoculada com riz?bio e co-inoculada com AZOTOTAL?). A inocula??o com A. brasilense associada ? aduba??o nitrogenada aumentou a produ??o de folhas e de parte a?rea. O segundo cap?tulo teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento e produ??o do feijoeiro sob co-inocula??o. Foi realizado um experimento em vasos com solo em esquema fatorial 2x3+4 com oito repeti??es, combinando a inocula??o de R. tropici com A. brasilense ou B. diazoefficiens e tr?s doses de aplica??o (104, 106 e 108 UFC mL-1), acrescidos das testemunhas absoluta, nitrogenada, inoculada com riz?bio e co-inoculada com AZOTOTAL?. As plantas foram coletadas aos 45 dias ap?s plantio e na matura??o dos gr?os. As plantas co-inoculadas apresentaram massa de parte a?rea, n?mero de vagens, conte?do de N na parte a?rea, massa de gr?os, n?mero de gr?os e de vagens por planta, superiores ? testemunha inoculada com riz?bio. O ?ndice de clorofila Falker foi similar nos tratamentos co-inoculados e sob aduba??o nitrogenada, mas inferior ao da inocula??o com R. tropici. No terceiro cap?tulo avaliou-se o crescimento e produ??o do feijoeiro sob diferentes estrat?gias de aduba??o nitrogenada associada ? co-inocula??o. O experimento consisitu de sete tratamentos com oito repeti??es: testemunha absoluta; inocula??o com R. tropici sem aplica??o de N; testemunha com N mineral; co-inocula??o com R. tropici e A. brasilense sem N ou com 20 kg ha-1 de N em semeadura; inocula??o com R. tropici e 20 kg ha-1 de N em semeadura; inocula??o com A. brasilense e 20 kg ha-1 de N em semeadura. As plantas foram coletadas aos 45 dias e na matura??o. A co-inocula??o combinada com a aduba??o nitrogenada resultou em maiores valores de massa de folhas, caule, parte a?rea, massa seca de gr?os, n?mero de gr?os por planta e ac?mulo de N nas vagens e gr?os.

As plantas pertencentes à família das leguminosas apresentam um grande interesse econômico, sendo que o Brasil é um país com vasta utilização de plantas desta família. Neste contexto, destaca-se a leguminosa Phaseolus vulgaris L. popularmente conhecida como feijão, que contém uma boa fonte de constituintes bioativos. Espécie nativa da América Central e dos Andes peruanos possui grande importância econômica para o Brasil. Em sua composição química podemos encontrar os flavonóides. Inúmeros artigos científicos descrevem as atividades dos flavonóides como antioxidantes, antimutagêncio, anticarcinogênico e na captação de nitrogênio durante o desenvolvimento da planta. Sendo esta leguminosa um dos alimentos mais consumidos no mundo e de larga importância econômica, o presente trabalho visou avaliar o perfil cromatográfico do extrato metanólico de 47 cultivares de feijão através da técnica de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) e também a validação do seu método. O material vegetal, sementes, teve seu teor de umidade estabelecido pelo método gravimétrico. Através do perfil cromatográfico das sementes dos cultivares de feijão, foi possível identificar a presença de flavonóides como a astragalina, um heterosídeo do canferol. O método foi devidamente validado por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) de acordo com os métodos preconizados na literatura. Os cultivares TB 0224, TB0226, TB 0309, Rosinha Precoce e Amarelo Iolanda, foram os que apresentaram teor maior de astragalina, demonstrando que os feijões de cor possuem maior composição de deste composto. / Plants belonging to the legume family have a big economic interest, being Brazil is a country with extensive use of plants in this family. In this context, we highlight the legume Phaseolus vulgaris L. popularly known as beans, which are a good source of bioactive compounds. This species is native of southern Brazil and the main food consumed by the population. In its chemical composition can meet the flavonoids. Numerous scientific articles describing the activities of flavonoids as antioxidants, antimutagênic, anticarcinogenic and nitrogen uptake during plant development. Since this is a legume consumed more food in the world and of great economic importance, this study sought to evaluate the chromatographic profile of the methanol extract of 47 cultivars of beans through the technique of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and also the validation of their method. The plant material, seeds, water content was established by gravimetric method. Through the chromatographic profile of the seeds of bean cultivars, it was possible to identify the presence of flavonoids and astragalin, a kaempferol heteroside. The method was validated for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) according to the methods suggested in the literature. The cultivars with colored TB 0224, TB0226, TB 0309, Rosinha Precoce and Amarelo Iolanda, were those with a higher content of astragalin, demonstrating that colored beans have a higher composition of astragalin.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-28T12:19:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Mara Alexandre da Silva.pdf: 458810 bytes, checksum: 70a72dfd6d35926572affcb5392ec6f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-28T12:19:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Mara Alexandre da Silva.pdf: 458810 bytes, checksum: 70a72dfd6d35926572affcb5392ec6f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Organic production is an alternative for family farmers where practices to reduce costs and to preserve natural resources can add value to the product and improve quality of life. The weeds can cause losses in crops, by reduction of income, increase in pests and diseases, non uniformity in maturity and difficulties for harvesting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of common bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris) at different sowing densities regarding the incidence of weeds in organic production system. Two field experiments were conducted in the Agroecological Production Integrated System of 47 km in Serop?dica-RJ, in the years 2013 and 2014, in a randomized block design with four replications. In 2013 a 4x3 factorial was used, combining four cultivars (Ouro Negro, Manteig?o, Radiante and Apor?) and three densities (8, 13 and 18 plants m-1 linear). In 2014 a 2x3 factorial was used, between two cultivars (Manteig?o and Ouro Negro) and three treatments (13 plants m-1 with manual cleaning of weeds, 13 and 18 plants m-1 without cleaning). To obtain the desired plant population, 50% more seeds were sown in each treatment and plants were thinned 15 days after. Sampling was carried out at the flowering stage to assess biomass and nodulation of bean and biomass of weeds, and at physiological maturity to evaluate grain yield. In 2013, the largest shoot and root dry mass and number of nodules per plant occurred in the density of 8 plant m-1. Increased planting density reduced the number of pods per plant, with no effect of density on grain yield. The lower biomass of weeds was observed at densities of 13 and 18 plant m-1, and also for cutivars Manteig?o and Ouro Negro. In 2014, treatment with 13 plants m-1 with cleaning showed greater dry mass of shoots and roots per plant. At flowering, treatment with 13 plants m-1 showed higher dry matter and number of weeds. The cultivar Ouro Negro showed higher grain yield at density of 13 plants m-1 with cleaning, followed by 18 plants m-1, with no differences between treatments for cultivar Manteig?o. The treatment with 18 plants m-1 showed lower mass of weeds at bean flowering, similar to the treatment with 13 plants m-1 with cleaning. Plots with cultivar Manteig?o had the highest dry matter of weeds in the three density treatments. Grain yield did not differ significantly among cultivars, ranging in 2013 from 1310 kg ha-1 for Apor? and 1409 kg ha-1 for Manteig?o, and in 2014 of 1298 and 1419 kg ha-1 for Manteig?o and Ouro Negro. It is concluded that increasing plant density reduced the incidence of weeds and did not affect grain yield. It was also carried out a field trial in 2013 in family agricultural establishment in the city of Teresopolis-RJ, in order to encourage the cultivation of special beans and to experience economic and social strategies of reproduction. The experiment had a 4x2 factorial with four replications, using four cultivars (Apor?, Manteig?o, Radiante and Valente) and two treatments (with and without commercial inoculant with rhizobia). Grain yield of the four cultivars did not differ between the treatments in the absence and presence of seed inoculation with rhizobia / A produ??o org?nica constitui uma alternativa para a agricultura familiar, onde pr?ticas para diminuir os custos de produ??o e preserva??o dos recursos naturais agregariam valor ao produto e qualidade de vida. As plantas espont?neas podem causar perdas em cultivos, pela redu??o do rendimento, aumento de pragas e doen?as, desuniformidade na matura??o e dificuldades na colheita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de cultivares de feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris) em diferentes densidades de semeadura, com rela??o ? incid?ncia de plantas espont?neas em sistema org?nico de produ??o. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos de campo no Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica do km 47, em Serop?dica-RJ, nos anos de 2013 e 2014, em blocos ao acaso com quatro repeti??es. Em 2013 foi utilizado esquema fatorial 4x3, combinando quatro cultivares (Ouro Negro, Manteig?o, Radiante e Apor?) e tr?s densidades (8, 13 e 18 plantas m-1 linear) e em 2014 utilizou-se esquema fatorial 2x3, entre duas cultivares (Manteig?o e Ouro Negro) e tr?s tratamentos (densidade de 13 plantas m-1 com limpeza manual de plantas espont?neas, densidades de 13 e 18 plantas m-1 sem limpeza). Para obten??o da popula??o desejada, foram semeadas 50% mais sementes em cada tratamento, e 15 dias ap?s realizou-se desbaste. Foram efetuadas amostragens no est?dio de flora??o para avalia??o de biomassa e nodula??o do feijoeiro e da biomassa de plantas espont?neas, e na matura??o fisiol?gica para avalia??o do rendimento. Em 2013, a maior massa seca de parte a?rea e raiz e n?mero de n?dulos por planta ocorreu na densidade de 8 plantas m-1. O aumento da densidade de plantio reduziu o n?mero de vagens por planta, sem efeito da densidade na produtividade de gr?os. A menor massa de plantas espont?neas foi observada nas densidades de 13 e 18 plantas m-1, e com as cultivares Manteig?o e Ouro Negro. Em 2014, o tratamento com 13 plantas m-1 com limpeza apresentou maior massa seca de parte a?rea e raiz por planta. Na flora??o, o tratamento com 13 plantas m-1 sem limpeza apresentou maior massa seca e n?mero de espont?neas. A cultivar Ouro Negro apresentou maior produ??o de gr?os no tratamento de 13 plantas m-1 com limpeza, seguida por 18 plantas m-1, sem diferen?as entre tratamentos na cultivar Manteig?o. O tratamento com 18 plantas m-1 apresentou menor massa de espont?neas na flora??o do feijoeiro, similar a 13 plantas m- 1 com limpeza. A cultivar Manteig?o apresentou maior massa de espont?neas nos tr?s tratamentos. A produ??o de gr?os n?o diferiu significativamente entre as cultivares, variando em 2013 entre 1310 kg ha-1 para Apor? e 1409 kg ha-1 para Manteig?o, e em 2014 com 1298 e 1419 kg ha-1 para Manteig?o e Ouro Negro. Conclui-se que o aumento da densidade de plantio reduziu a incid?ncia de plantas espont?neas e n?o afetou a produtividade de gr?os do feijoeiro. Foi tamb?m conduzido um experimento de campo em 2013 em estabelecimento agr?cola familiar no munic?pio de Teres?polis-RJ, com o objetivo de incentivar o cultivo de feij?es especiais e vivenciar estrat?gias de reprodu??o econ?mica e social. O experimento tinha esquema fatorial 4x2 com quatro repeti??es, entre quatro cultivares (Apor?, Manteig?o, Radiante e Valente) e dois tratamentos (com e sem uso de inoculante comercial de riz?bio). A produ??o de gr?os das quatro cultivares n?o diferiu entre os tratamentos na aus?ncia e na presen?a de inocula??o de sementes com riz?bio.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-05-02T19:07:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Rafael Sanches Pacheco.pdf: 1387070 bytes, checksum: c73e833c8d495bf472f647befeedd57e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-02T19:07:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Rafael Sanches Pacheco.pdf: 1387070 bytes, checksum: c73e833c8d495bf472f647befeedd57e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-19 / CNPq / The 15N natural abundance technique to measure the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in legumes is based on the slight enrichment of 15N observed in soils to the atmosphere and does not require the application of labelled fertilizers. The objectives of this work were: to quantify the BNF contribution in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars under field conditions through the 15N natural abundance technique; to evaluate the agronomic performance of these cultivars under inoculation; to estimate the isotopic fractionation value during BNF (B value) of common bean cultivars grown in nutrient solution. Two experiments were conducted in greenhouse in nutrient solution without N, in the years 2012 and 2013 in Serop?dica, RJ. Three common bean cultivars were evaluated. Plant biomass was sampled at different growth stages, where the N natural abundance was analyzed. In 2012 experiment, the nodules showed positive ?15N, with deltas of 6.63? and 8.18? in Grafite and Radiante cultivars, respectively. The B value in shoot was ?0.919?, ?0.734? and ?0.724? for cultivars Grafite, Ouro Negro and Radiante, respectively. In 2013 experiment, the nodules showed great enrichment in 15N, with 9.11? and 8.36? deltas in Radiante and Grafite cultivars. The B value in shoot was -1.06? and -1.40? for cultivars Radiante and Grafite, respectively. The average B value in shoots of common bean cultivars was ?1.23?, and the B value of ?1.2 was used in the calculation of the BNF contribution in the field experiments of this study. Eight common bean cultivars were grown in field conditions in 2011 and 2012, with two N sources (inoculation with commercial inoculant with rizhobia or fertilization with 90 kg ha-1 of mineral N), with four replications, at Embrapa Rice and Bean in Santo Antonio de Goias, GO. Biomass of the shoot, root, nodules and grains were sampled, and total N and 15N natural abundance were analyzed in shoots and grains. In the experiment in 2011, the Ouro Negro cultivar produced higher nodule mass under inoculation, also at reproductive stages, and the Jalo Precoce and Radiante cultivars showed the lowest nodule mass. The grain yield of the eight cultivars was 1614 and 2942 kg ha-1 under inoculation or mineral N, respectively. Under inoculation, the Ouro Negro cultivar showed the highest N accumulation in shoots and grains and the highest grain yield, reaching 2200 kg ha-1, equivalent to 73% of yield under mineral N. In 2011, the N accumulation derived from BNF in grains of the eight cultivars ranged from 5.8 to 16.4 kg ha-1, which corresponded to a BNF contribution of 17% and 33% in Marfim and Ouro Negro cultivars, respectively. In 2012, the higher nodule mass occurred in Vereda and Estilo cultivars, in the first and second samples, respectively, whereas Radiante cultivar had the lowest nodule mass. The average grain yield of the eight cultivars was 3284 and 3919 kg ha-1 under inoculation and mineral N, respectively. The N accumulation derived from BNF in grains was 68.4, 38.7, and 21.6 kg ha-1 in Ouro Negro, Grafite and Radiante cultivars, respectively, corresponding to a BNF contribution of 49, 29 and 32%. The method of 15N natural abundance provided the identification of BNF potential for the supply of N in different common bean genotypes, arising as a tool for providing subsidies to guide breeding programs in order to increase BNF efficiency. / A t?cnica da abund?ncia natural de 15N para mensurar a fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio (FBN) em leguminosas baseia-se no ligeiro enriquecimento de 15N observado nos solos em rela??o ? atmosfera e n?o exige a aplica??o de fertilizantes marcados. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: quantificar, atrav?s da t?cnica da abund?ncia natural de 15N, a contribui??o da FBN em cultivares de feijoeirocomum (Phaseolus vulgaris) em condi??es de campo; avaliar o desempenho agron?mico dessas cultivares sob inocula??o; estimar o valor do fracionamento isot?pico durante a FBN (valor B) de cultivares de feijoeiro crescidas em solu??o nutritiva. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em casa de vegeta??o, em solu??o nutritiva isenta de N, nos anos de 2012 e 2013, em Serop?dica, RJ. Foram avaliadas tr?s cultivares de feijoeiro, efetuando-se coletas de biomassa em diferentes est?dios e analisando-se a abund?ncia natural de 15N do material vegetal. No experimento em 2012, os n?dulos apresentaram ?15N positivo, com deltas de 6,63? e 8,18? nas cultivares Grafite e Radiante, respectivamente. O valor B da parte a?rea foi de ?0,92?, ?0,73? e ?0,72?, nas cultivares Grafite, Ouro Negro e Radiante, respectivamente. No experimento em 2013, os n?dulos apresentaram deltas de 9,11? e 8,36? nas cultivares Radiante e Grafite. O valor B da parte a?rea foi de ?1,06? e ?1,40? nas cultivares Radiantee Grafite, respectivamente. O valor B m?dio da parte a?rea das cultivares foi de ?1,23?, sendo o valor B de ?1,2 utilizado nos c?lculos da contribui??o da FBN nos experimentos de campo desse estudo. Oito cultivares de feijoeiro foram crescidas em condi??es de campo em 2011 e 2012, sob duas fontes de N (inocula??o com inoculante comercial com riz?bio ou aduba??o com 90 kg ha-1 de N mineral), com quatro repeti??es, na Embrapa Arroz e Feij?o, em Santo Antonio de Goi?s, GO. Foram efetuadas amostragens de biomassa de parte a?rea, raiz, n?dulos e gr?os e an?lises de N total e abund?ncia natural de 15N na parte a?rea e gr?os. No experimento em 2011, a cultivar Ouro Negro produziu maior massa de n?dulos sob inocula??o, inclusive nos est?dios reprodutivos, e as cultivares Jalo Precoce e Radiante apresentaram a menor massa de n?dulos. O rendimento m?dio de gr?os das oito cultivares foi de 1614 e 2942 kg ha-1 sob inocula??o ou N mineral, respectivamente. Sob inocula??o, a cultivar Ouro Negro apresentou os maiores ac?mulos de N na parte a?rea e nos gr?os e a maior produtividade, atingindo 2200 kg ha-1 de gr?os, equivalente a 73% da produ??o sob N mineral. Em 2011, o ac?mulo de N derivado da FBN nos gr?os das oito cultivares variou de 5,8 a 16,4 kg ha-1, que correspondeu a 17% e 33% de contribui??o da FBN nas cultivares Marfim e Ouro Negro, respectivamente. Em 2012, a maior massa de n?dulos ocorreu nas cultivares Vereda e Estilo, na primeira e segunda coletas, respectivamente, e a cultivar Radiante apresentou a menor massa de n?dulos. O rendimento m?dio de gr?os das oito cultivares foi de 3284 e 3919 kg ha-1 sobinocula??o e N mineral, respectivamente. O ac?mulo de N derivado da FBN nos gr?os foi de 68,4 kg ha-1 na cultivar Ouro Negro, 38,7 kg ha-1 na cultivar Grafite e 21,6 kg ha-1 na cultivar Radiante, que correspondeu a 49, 29 e 32% de contribui??o da FBN, respectivamente. A t?cnica da abund?ncia natural de 15N possibilita a identifica??o do potencial de FBN para o fornecimento de N em diferentes gen?tipos de feijoeiro, e mostra-se como uma ferramenta capaz de fornecer subs?dios para orientar os programas de melhoramento da esp?cie, visando aumentar a efici?ncia da FBN.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-21T19:38:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - David Cabral Macedo.pdf: 619341 bytes, checksum: 189056ebf73c34fe51317abeb294ebc9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-21T19:38:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - David Cabral Macedo.pdf: 619341 bytes, checksum: 189056ebf73c34fe51317abeb294ebc9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-01 / CAPES / The aim of this work was evaluate the effect of water deficit on two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. For that, an experiment was carried out in greenhouse, with Ouro Negro and Diplomata cultivars, on Plant Science sector of Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. The two cultivars were submitted to eight days of drought and four days of rehydration in a completely randomized design. The results show that the cultivar Diplomata has a better performance under water deficit conditions, presenting leaf base water potential values (?a) higher than the black gold in the last days of stress. Analysis of the fluorescence of chlorophyll a demonstrated statistically significant variation between cultivars, with the cultivar Diplomata presenting higher values for most of the parameters analyzed, such as Fv/Fm, ?F/F'm and lower values of the NPQ variable. About photoinhibition, the diplomat genotype showed a significant difference with lower values on the seventh day of stress and on the second day of rehydration, indicating a higher reversal of damage from photoinhibition throughout the day. Regarding the content of starch, the cultivar Ouro negro showed high values before stress (AE), but there was no significant difference among both cultivars during (DE) and in rehydration (R). In relation to the protein content, the cultivar Diplomata showed significantly higher values (AE) and in (R). Also, for the potential of biological nitrogen fixation (PFBN), the cultivar Diplomata showed a significantly higher number of nodules and nodules mass (AE) and (DE), as for the morphologic parameters, the Ouro negro showed higher root dry weight (MSR) at the (R), but Diplomata had a higher leaf dry weight (MSF) at the (R) too. For the yield components of the cultivar Diplomata had a significantly higher grain mass/plant under stress compared to the cultivar Ouro negro. Therefore, these results indicate a better adaptation to drought cultivar Diplomata. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do d?ficit h?drico em dois cultivares de feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Para isso, foi realizado um experimento em casa de vegeta??o, com os cultivares Ouro negro e Diplomata, no setor de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Os dois cultivares foram submetidos a oito dias de seca e quatro dias de reidrata??o em um delineamento inteiramente casualisado. Os resultados demonstram que o cultivar Diplomata tem uma melhor performance sob condi??es de d?ficit h?drico, apresentando valores de potencial de ?gua de base da folha (?a) maiores que o Ouro negro, nos ?ltimos dias de estresse. A an?lise da fluoresc?ncia da clorofila a demonstrou varia??o estatisticamente significativa entre os cultivares, com o cultivar Diplomata apresentando valores mais altos na maioria das vari?veis analisadas, como: o rendimento qu?ntico efetivo m?ximo do FS II (Fv/Fm), o rendimento qu?ntico efetivo do FS II (?F/F?m) e valores mais baixos no quenching n?o fotoqu?mico (NPQ). Sobre a fotoinibi??o, o gen?tipo Diplomata demonstrou diferen?a significativa com valores mais baixos no s?timo dia de estresse e no segundo dia de reidrata??o, indicando uma maior revers?o dos danos fotoinibit?rios no decorrer do dia. A respeito dos teores de amido, o cultivar Ouro negro apresentou valores significativamente mais altos antes do estresse (AE), mas n?o houve diferen?a significativa entre os gen?tipos, durante o estresse (DE) e na reidrata??o (R). J? em rela??o aos teores de prote?nas sol?veis em folhas, o cultivar Diplomata demonstrou manter valores significativamente maiores (AE) e (R). Em rela??o ?s vari?veis de potencial de fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio (PFBN), o cultivar Diplomata tamb?m apresentou um maior n?mero de n?dulos e maior massa de n?dulos (AE) e (DE), assim como nas vari?veis morfol?gicas, apesar do cultivar Ouro negro apresentar uma maior massa seca de raiz (MSR) (DE) e na (R), o cultivar Diplomata apresentou uma maior massa seca foliar (MSF) na (R). Quanto aos componentes de produ??o, o cultivar Diplomata apresentou uma maior massa de gr?os/planta, sob estresse, quando comparado com o cultivar Ouro negro. Esses resultados indicam uma maior adapta??o ? seca do cultivar Diplomata quando comparado ao Ouro negro.

Orientador: Ricardo Antonio Ferreira Rodrigues / Resumo: A busca de respostas da hormese em cultivos agrícolas tem encontrado inúmeras dificuldades, principalmente no que diz respeito à repetitividade dos resultados, em especial, em condições de campo. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito hormético de glyphosate no feijoeiro submetido a diferentes condições de estresse abiótico em cultivos à campo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em áreas experimentais da Fazenda de Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, em LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distrófico típico argiloso. Os tratamentos para análise da influência da adubação no efeito hormético constaram da combinação da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura em sucessão a aplicação de subdoses de glyphosate na cultura do feijão. Os tratamentos com uso de bactérias e glyphosate constituíram-se da aplicação de uma subdose de glyphosate em diferentes formulações posteriormente a aplicação em cobertura ou não de Azospirillum brasilense. Por fim, os tratamentos para avaliação da influência da água no efeito hormético se deu pela aplicação de subdoses de glyphosate e lâminas de irrigação sobre o desenvolvimento, componentes de produção e produtividade do feijoeiro de inverno em Sistema Plantio Direto. Para tal foi utilizada a cultivar IPR – 139 do IAPAR. Concluiu-se que houve estímulo do crescimento do feijoeiro com aplicação de subdoses de até 14,4 g e.a. ha-1 de glyphosate, no entanto, o mesmo não ocorreu na presença do N em cobertura. O teor de N fo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The search for hormesis responses in agricultural crops has found difficulties, especially with regard to the repeatability of the results, in particular, in field conditions. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the hormetic effect of glyphosate in common bean submitted to different conditions of abiotic stress and the use of techniques that can maximize results, such as the use of diazotrophic bacteria. The experiments were conducted in experimental areas of the farm Education Research and Extension of the Faculty of Ilha Solteira - UNESP in clayey Red Oxisol. The treatments for analysis of the influence of nitrogen fertilization on the hormetic effect consisted of the combination of nitrogen fertilization in succession to application of glyphosate subdoses in the common bean crop. The treatments with the use of bacteria and glyphosate were constituted of the application of glyphosate in different formulations after the application in cover or not of Azospirillum brasilense. Finally, the treatments to evaluate the influence of water on the hormetic effect were given by the application of glyphosate subdoses and irrigation slides on the development, production components and yield of the winter common bean under no-tillage system. For this, the cultivar IPR - 139 of IAPAR was used. It was concluded that there was stimulation of common bean growth with application of subdoses of up to 14.4 g ha-1 of glyphosate, however, the same did not occur in the presence of nitr... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Orivaldo Arf / Banca: Antonio César Bolonhezi / Banca: Neli Cristina Belmiro dos Santos / Resumo: O feijoeiro tem grande importância na economia e alimentação do brasileiro e o nitrogênio é o nutriente absorvido em maior quantidade pelas plantas. O uso de reguladores vegetais aliados à adubação nitrogenada tem sido estudado no sentido de incrementar a produtividade e melhorar a qualidade dos grãos de feijão. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi estudar doses de nitrogênio e modos de aplicação de reguladores vegetais no desenvolvimento e produtividade do feijoeiro de inverno em sistema plantio direto. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições com os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial 4x4 constituído pela combinação de doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (zero, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1) aplicadas no estádio V4 e modos de aplicação de reguladores vegetais (aplicação nas sementes - 5,0 mL kg de sementes-1 durante a operação de tratamento das sementes; aplicação via foliar - aplicação de 0,5 L ha-1 na fase R5; aplicação nas sementes (5,0 mL kg de sementes-1) e via foliar (0,5 L ha-1 na fase R5)) e uma testemunha (sem aplicação de RVs). Os experimentos foram conduzidos sob pivô central, em sistema plantio direto, após a cultura do arroz (2011) e milho (2012) no município de Selvíria (MS), no período de outono-inverno de 2011 e 2012 em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico álico e de textura argilosa. Conclui-se que os reguladores vegetais, na dose e modos de aplicação estudados, não influenciam na produtividade; e o aumento nas doses de nitrogênio em cobertura proporcionou incremento na produtividade de grãos, até a máxima dose estudada de 120 kg ha-1 / Abstract: The common bean is of great importance in the Brazilian economy and feeding and nitrogen is the taken up nutrient in larger amount. The use of plant growth regulators combined with nitrogen fertilization has been studied in order to increase productivity and improve the quality of the common bean seeds. The objective this study was to evaluate doses of sidedressing nitrogen and application methods of plant growth regulators in the development and yield of winter common bean in no tillage system. A randomized blocks design was used, in a factorial scheme 4x4 with 16 treatments constituted by doses of sidedressing nitrogen (zero, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1) applied at V4 stadium and application methods of plant growth regulators (seed application - 5,0 mL kg-1 of seeds at seeds treatment; leaf spray - 0,5 L ha-1 at R5 stadium; application by seeds treatment (5,0 mL kg-1 of seeds) and leaf spray (0,5 L ha-1 at R5 stadium)) and control - without application , in four replications. The study was conducted under center pivot, on tillage system, after rice crop (2011) and corn crop (2012), in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, in 2011 and 2012 in fall-winter season, in a dystrophic Haplustox soil. The conclusion: the plant growth regulators, at the dose and application methods studied, not affect common bean yield; and the increasing of the doses of sidedressing nitrogen provided increment in grain yield up to maximum dose of 120 kg ha-1 / Mestre

The objectives of this investigation have been to characterize black gram (Phaseolus Mongo L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) proteins and to study changes in their nutritional value due to fermentation. black gram, the legume chosen for this work, is one of the most important legume crops throughout a large part of the tropics. The protein content of 60 mesh, dehydrated, defatted black gram meal was 28.5 percent. Sodium carbonate (0.5- 1.0 percent), tetra-sodium pyrophosphate (0.5 percent), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (0.5-5 percent) proved to be the potential protein solubilizers as they extracted more than 76 grams of Lowry's protein per 100 grams Kjeldahl protein. On the considerations of contaminating residue in the final product and disruption of native structure of the proteins, these chemical agents were unsuitable. Sodium sulfate at the 10 percent level was judged to be the best protein solubilizer. Proteins separated on polyacrylamide gel using a phenol-acetic acid-mercaptoethanol-urea (PAMU) system were run on the flat bed gel containing SDS. The proteins were separated in 13 constituents and the molecular weights of the major ones were 140,000 and 55,000. Solubilized proteins contained 81 percent globulins, 13 percent albumins, 4 percent prolamins, and 2 percent glutelins . Sulfur containing amino acids and threonine were deficient in total proteins xv of the seeds with 27. 6 and 78.8 as their respective chemical scores . Chemical scores of the albumin, globulin, prolamin, and glutelin fractions were 64, 0, 56, and 70.7, respectively. The predicted biological values in human nutrition varied from O for globulins to 110 for glutelins, and was 14.9 for total proteins in the seeds. The constituents of the protein fractions were isoelectrically focused in the acidic pH range with the exception of two globulins for which the isoelectric points were 8.42 and 8.65. The trypsin inhibitor from black gram was isolated using affinity chromatography gel with 19. 5 fold purification. The inhibitor had 75 amino acid residues and contained one disulfide bridge. Chemical studies assigned an important role for the hydrogen bonds and demonstrated vital importance of the disulfide bridge in retaining the inhibiting activity. The inhibitor was stable and retained 35 percent of the activity when heated at 100°C for 60 minutes at pH 11. Chemical modification of amino acid residues suggested the involvement of lysine and arginine residues at the active site of the inhibitor. Lysine and arginine moieties at the active site have been proposed to be present as alanyllysine and histidylarginine. Inhib i tion of bovine pancreatic trypsin by the inhibitor was kinetically studied . The kinetic constants Km and Vm ax were 2.7 x l0- 5M and 6 x l0 - 3M/min, respectively. The dissociation constant for the enzyme-inhibitor complex (Ki) was 4 x l0- 7M, whereas that for the enzyme-inhibitor-substrate complex (K. 1 , ) was 1.89 x l0- 6M. The inhibition was a mixture of partial competitive and pure-noncompetitive systems. Rice and black gram form the integral parts of a fermented snack food of the Indian subcontinent~idli. Amino acid composition of black gram and rice were complementary. Leucine, lysine, and sulfur containing amino acids were the most limiting amino acids in rice with 65. 1, 66.3, and 67.9 as their respective scores. The estimates of biological values of rice proteins in human nutrition qualified albumins as superior and prolamins as inferior proteins. The PAMUsy stem in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was more efficient in resolving protein subunits than the SOS gel system. The PAMUsy stem was not sensitive to the ionic strength of the sample. Mobilities of rice and black gram proteins in SOS and PAMUsy stems were based on the related parameters. In the PAMUsy stem, the mobilities of most proteins seemed to depend on their molecular size. The PAMUsy stem on gel electrophoresis was judged superior to the SOS system. Fermentation of the black gram-rice blend was kinetically studied for changes in physicochemical characteristics and nutritional functionality. Trypsin inhibiting activity was unaffected, but chymotrypsin inhibiting activity was reduced to 3 percent after 20 hours fermentation , Significant increases were noted in the contents of sulfur containing amino acids during fermentation . These amino acids seemed to be bioavailable. In vitro digestion with pepsin and pancreatin indicated improvement in digestibility of proteins after fermentation. The digestibility was further enhanced by steaming.