ROMO, Adolfo Ignacio Barros. Complexos de cobre com o ligante 2cp-bz-sme, um derivado sulfurado da base clip-phen. Síntese, caracterização e estudos de geração de radicais e clivagem de DNA. 2015. 86 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Química)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015. / Submitted by Celia Sena (celiasena@dqoi.ufc.br) on 2017-07-20T17:39:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_aibromo.pdf: 2488610 bytes, checksum: 2569053eabcca5c69c4678ab7eccc69e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2017-08-29T20:42:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_aibromo.pdf: 2488610 bytes, checksum: 2569053eabcca5c69c4678ab7eccc69e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T20:42:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_aibromo.pdf: 2488610 bytes, checksum: 2569053eabcca5c69c4678ab7eccc69e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Coordination compounds of copper have been invoked as major actors in processes involving the reduction of molecular oxygen, mostly with the generation of radical species whose assignment have so far not been unanimously addressed. In the present work we have joined results acquired on surface and solution to get insights on the radical oxygen species (ROS) generated by a copper(II) coordination compound containing a thioether clip-phen derivative, 1,3-bis(1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yloxy)-N-(4-(methylthio) benzyli-dene)propan-2-amine (2CP-Bz-SMe). The adsorption of the copper(II) complex on gold surface was spontaneously by simple immersion of the metallic substrate in aqueous solution of the complex. The characterization of the modified gold electrode, which was performed by electrochemistry and surface Raman spectroscopy (SERS – Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering), indicated that the adsorption occurs through the sulfur atom of the thioether fragment of the molecule. While surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and electrochemistry of the adsorbed complex indicated the formation of a dimeric Cu(I) intermediate containing molecular oxygen as bridging ligand, scanning electrochemical microscopy images (SECM) pointed for OH• radical generation. Spin trapping measurements acquired by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nuclease assays run in the presence of radical scavengers, reinforced such conclusions showing that the radical production is dependent on the amount of oxygen and H2O2. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume a catalytic mechanism involving Fenton-like reaction in which the copper(II) complex is, at first, reduced to copper(I). Accordingly, in the presence of oxygen and in acid medium, the reduced compound is oxidized by H2O2 resulting in the recovering of the parent complex and in the generation of OH• that, in turn, must be the ROS responsible for the DNA cleavage. The results obtained during the developing of this proposal were presented at the XVII Brazilian Meeting on Inorganic Chemistry and are in the final compilation stage for publication in peer-reviewed journal / Compostos de coordenação de cobre têm sido considerados peças fundamentais em processos que envolvem a redução de oxigênio molecular, particularmente com a geração de espécies radicalares cujas atribuições, até a atualidade, não são unanimidade. Neste trabalho, foram reunidos resultados obtidos em superfície e em solução a fim de obter informações sobre a espécie reativa de oxigênio (ROS – Reactive Oxygen Species) gerada por um composto de coordenação de cobre(II) contendo um derivado tioéter do ligante clip-phen, 1,3-bis(1,10-fenantrolin-2-iloxi)-N-(4-(metiltio)benzilideno)propan-2-amina (2CP-Bz-SMe). A adsorção do complexo de cobre(II) sobre superfície de ouro foi realizada de forma espontânea por simples imersão do substrato metálico em solução aquosa do complexo. A caracterização do eletrodo de ouro modificado foi feita por eletroquímica e espectroscopia Raman de superfície (SERS – Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering) onde se concluiu que a adsorção ocorre através do átomo de enxofre do fragmento tioéter da molécula. Enquanto os resultados de ressonância de plásmons de superfície (SPR – Surface Plasmon Resonance) e eletroquímica sugeriram a formação de um intermediário dimérico de Cu(I) contendo oxigênio molecular como ligante ponte, imagens de microscopia de varredura eletroquímica (SECM – Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy) indicaram a geração do radical hidroxil, OH•. Os experimentos de captura de spin por ressonância paramagnética de elétrons (EPR – Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) e ensaios de nuclease de DNA, os quais envolveram a utilização de inibidores de ROS, mostram que a geração do radical depende da quantidade de oxigênio e H2O2. Assim, é razoável admitir um mecanismo catalítico envolvendo reações do tipo Fenton onde o complexo de cobre(II) é, inicialmente, reduzido a cobre(I). Na presença de oxigênio e em meio ácido, o composto reduzido é oxidado por H2O2 resultando na regeneração do complexo de partida e na formação do radical OH• que, por sua vez, deve ser a espécie ROS responsável pela clivagem do DNA. Os resultados deste projeto foram apresentados no XVII Brazilian Meeting on Inorganic Chemistry e estão em fase final de compilação para publicação em periódico indexado

Hensikt: Formålet med dette MPH-arbeidet var å få innsikt i deltagernes erfaringer fra prosjektet ”Treningskompis”. Prosjektets hensikt var å utvikle, prøve ut og evaluere en ordning med frivillige hjelpere som treningskompiser for kreftpasienter. Målet var å hjelpe pasientene i gang med fysisk aktivitet gjennom eksisterende, egnede treningstilbud i nærmiljøet. Metode: Det ble gjennomført fire fokusgruppeintervju med til sammen 14 informanter. Det var to fokusintervju medkreftpasienter(n=5) og to medfrivillige treningskompiser(n=9). Datamaterialet ble analysert med fenomenografisk metode. Resultat: Fire kategorier ble identifisert: (i) opplæring i å bli treningskompis, (ii) opplevelser med ”Treningskompisprosjektet”, (iii) fysiske og psykiske aspekter ved å ha en treningskompis og (iv) tro på fortsatt å være fysisk aktiv. Påvirkningsfaktorer ble identifisert internt, mellom brukerne og treningskompisene og fra sentrale myndigheter. Konklusjon: Forpliktende avtaler, sosial støtte og hjelp til å finne aktiviteter man trives med, er viktig for å øke aktivitetsnivået og etablere varige aktivitetsvaner hos kreftpasienter. En treningskompis kan derfor være en tjeneste som tilbyskreftpasienteri ulike faser i pasientforløpet, og somkan ”treffe” de som ikke klarer å komme seg ut på egenhånd. En viktig forutsetning for en god ”Treningskompistjeneste” er imidlertid at organisasjoner og dedikerte personerveilederog følgeropp treningskompiser, brukere og avtaler. / Purpose “The Training Buddy Project”develops, tests and evaluates a system that provides volunteer training buddies to assist post-treatment cancer patients increase physical activity. This thesis aimed to provide new insight into participant’s experiences with the project. Method: Four focus groupsinterviews with 14 informantswereconducted. Two focusgroups withcancer patients(n=5)and two with volunteer buddies(n=9). Data was analysed using phenomenography. Result: Four categories were identified: (i) volunteer training, (ii) experiences with the"Training Buddy Project", (iii) physical and psychological aspects of having a workoutbuddy and (iv) confidence to continuephysically activity. Influencing factors were identified internally, between users and training buddies and central authorities. Conclusion:  Binding agreements, social support,andassistance infindingpleasurable activities contribute importantly to cancer patient’s ability to re-establish physical activity and develop lasting activity habits after diagnose. Training buddies can help cancer patients in different phases of patient care, particularly for patients who lack the abilityto re-establish physical activityby themselves. A good training buddy service requires dedicated supervisors and individuals to track the appointments and activity of training buddies and their clients / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-74-4</p>

Nous avons étudié par STM, SQUID, Réflectivité X, Diffraction des rayons X, absorption optique et XAS des échantillons de Fe(phen)2(NCS)2 et Fe{[3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl]3BH}2 déposé par évaporation thermique sur des substrats de Cu(100), Co(100) et SiO2, et comparé avec des échantillons en poudre. Nous avons confirmé l'existence de l'effet de piégeage d'état de spin induit par les rayons X (SOXIESST), et étudié ses propriétés, en particulier dynamiques. Celui-ci dépend de l'intensité et de la structure du faisceau X appliqué, et est non-résonant. Nous suggérons que son efficacité est influencée également par les états de transfert de charge métal-ligand (MLCT). L'étude des molécules isolées a montré que l'on pouvait les faire transiter par une impulsion électrique, et construire ainsi des dispositifs memrésistifs, mais seulement si l'influence du substrat est suffisamment réduite. À l'aide d'un modèle thermodynamique simple, nous avons alors étudié les couches minces et montré que la coopérativité est réduite et que la température de transition est modifiée (plus grande pour la Fe-phen, plus faible pour la Fe-pyrz). Enfin, nous utilisons ces résultats pour construire des dispositifs multicouche verticaux Au/Fe-phen/Au dont les propriétés électriques, d'après nos résultats préliminaires, sont dépendantes des stimuli extérieurs (température, champ magnétique). Notamment, ils présentent un effet « diode » à la transition de spin. / We have studied by STM, SQUID, X-ray reflectivity, X-ray diffraction, optical absorption and XAS Fe(phen)2(NCS)2 and Fe{[3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl]3BH}2 samples deposited by thermal evaporation on Cu(100), Co(100) and SiO2 substrates, and compared with results on powder samples. We have confirmed the existence of the soft X-ray induced excited spin state trapping (SOXIESST), and investigated its properties, in particular dynamic aspects. The effect is sensitive to the intensity and the structure of the applied X-ray beam, and is non-resonant. We suggest that its efficiency is also governed by metal-ligand charge transfer states (MLCT). The study of single molecules has revealed that they could be switched by voltage pulses, and by this way building memristive devices, but only if the influence of the substrate is sufficiently reduced. We have then investigated thin films with the help from a simple thermodynamic model, and evidenced that the cooperativity was reduced and the transition temperature is modified (higher for Fe-phen, and lower for Fe-pyrz). Finally, we use these results to build multilayer vertical devices Au/Fe-phen/Au, and its electrical properties depends, according to our preliminary results, on the external stimuli (temperature, magnetic field). Notably, they present a “diode” effect at the spin transition.

Comprendre les propriétés des interfaces molécules/métaux est d’une importance capitale pour la spintronique organique. La première partie porte sur l’étude des propriétés magnétiques de molécules de phtalocyanine de manganèse. Nous avons montré que les premières couches moléculaires forment des colonnes avec un arrangement antiferromagnétique sur la surface de Co(100). Ces dernières mènent à de l’anisotropie d’échange. La seconde partie porte sur l’étude d’une molécule à transition de spin, la Fe(phen)2(NCS)2, sublimée sur différentes surfaces. Nous avons identifié les états de spin d’une molécule unique sur du Cu(100). De plus, nous avons commuté l’état de spin d’une molécule unique pourvu qu’elle soit suffisamment découplée du substrat. / Understanding the properties of molecules at the interface with metals is a fundamental issue for organic spintronics. The first part is devoted to the study of magnetic properties of planar manganese-phthalocyanine molecules and Co films. We evidenced that the first molecular layers form vertical columns with antiferromagnetic ordering on the Co(100) surface. In turn, these molecular columns lead to exchange bias. The second part is focused on the study of a spin-crossover complex, Fe(phen)2(NCS)2 sublimed on different metallic surfaces. We identified the two spin states of a single molecules on Cu(100). By applying voltages pulses, we switched the spin state of a single molecule provided that it is sufficiently decoupled from the substrate.

We have studied by STM, SQUID, X-ray reflectivity, X-ray diffraction, optical absorption and XAS Fe(phen)2(NCS)2 and Fe{[3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl]3BH}2 samples deposited by thermal evaporation on Cu(100), Co(100) and SiO2 substrates, and compared with results on powder samples. We have confirmed the existence of the soft X-ray induced excited spin state trapping (SOXIESST), and investigated its properties, in particular dynamic aspects. The effect is sensitive to the intensity and the structure of the applied X-ray beam, and is non-resonant. We suggest that its efficiency is also governed by metal-ligand charge transfer states (MLCT). The study of single molecules has revealed that they could be switched by voltage pulses, and by this way building memristive devices, but only if the influence of the substrate is sufficiently reduced. We have then investigated thin films with the help from a simple thermodynamic model, and evidenced that the cooperativity was reduced and the transition temperature is modified (higher for Fe-phen, and lower for Fe-pyrz). Finally, we use these results to build multilayer vertical devices Au/Fe-phen/Au, and its electrical properties depends, according to our preliminary results, on the external stimuli (temperature, magnetic field). Notably, they present a "diode" effect at the spin transition.

Targeting DNA has the advantage over proteins for cancer remediation because of the fewer copies of the ligands required for the desired therapeutic effect. Traditionally, covalent DNA binders like alkylating agents have been used to induce genetic instability through the formation of DNA lesions and strand breaks, leading to cellular apoptosis. The primary drawback of this treatment is the non-specific binding that affects both cancerous and non-cancerous cells. G-quadruplexes are the DNA secondary structures that are present in abundance near the promoter regions of the oncogenes and are involved in the regulation of their activities. A ligand-mediated stabilization of G-quadruplexes in the promoter regions and down-regulation of the associated oncogenes have been validated. In contrast to alkylating agents, G-quadruplex ligands induce genetic stabilization through non-covalent interactions. They can be designed to interact specifically with G-quadruplex DNA over duplex DNA, which reduce side effects arising from the off-targeting. G-quadruplex ligands invariably have the large planar aromatic moiety to interact with G-quadruplexes through π- π stacking interactions. For determining the size effect of the aromatic moiety on stabilization of G-quadruplexes, a series of ligands were synthesized by conjugating nucleobases or 1,10-phenanthroline with an aminoglycoside, neomycin. The resulting conjugates increased the binding affinity synergistically and enabled us to study the effect of the stacking moiety required for G-quadruplex stabilization. Nucleobase-neomycin conjugates did not show stabilization stabilize of human telomeric G-quadruplex. 1,10-Phenanthroline-neomycin conjugate (7b) on the other hand binds to human telomeric G-quadruplex with a Ka of (8.92.4)×108 M-1 and inhibits telomerase activity at 1.56 µM probably through G-quadruplex stabilization. Moving forward, we further enlarged the aromatic moiety by tethering two 1,10-phenantholine molecules together through a five-atom linker. The resulting molecule (2-Clip-phen) was conjugated with various amino-containing side chains. 2-Clip-phen derivatives showed at least 30 times weaker binding to duplex DNA over G-quadruplex DNA. In addition, compounds showed a preference for the antiparallel G-quadruplex conformation over parallel and hybrid G-quadruplex conformations, as shown in the CD spectroscopy studies. Ligands 11 and 13 induced the formation of an antiparallel G-quadruplex from random coils and stabilize it to 60 oC (Tm) in a salt-free condition. Mass spectrometry study showed the formation of a two-tetrad G-quadruplex with the 2-Clip-phen ligand. Docking study showed that the ligand interacts most favorably with antiparallel G-quadruplex conformation, which is supported further by the larger thermal stabilization effect on antiparallel G-quadruplex compared with other G-quadruplex conformations. Our study suggests that 2-Clip-phen can be used as a scaffold for designing G-quadruplex binding ligands that preferentially bind to antiparallel G-quadruplexes, which has never been reported before.