Cette thèse s'intéresse à la classification géométrique, locale et globale, des équations aux q-différences. Dans un premier temps nous réalisons une étude globale de certains systèmes dérivés des équations de q-Painlevé et introduits par Murata, en proposant une correspondance de Riemann-Hilbert-Birkhoff entre de tels systèmes et leurs matrices de connexion. Dans un second temps nous nous intéressons à la classification locale, en construisant un fibré vectoriel équivariant sur l'espace des classes formelles à deux pentes dont la fibre au dessus d'une classe formelle est l'espace de ses classes analytiques isoformelles. Ceci fait, voyant que l'action du groupe des automorphismes du gradué s'impose naturellement dans l'étude de ce fibré, nous nous intéressons à l'espace des classes analytiques, soit des classes analytiques isoformelles modulo cette action, dont nous proposons dans un cas restreint une première approche de classification via l'utilisation de variétés toriques. Dans un troisième temps nous construisons, via des transformations de q-Borel et de q-Laplace, des q-Stokes, soit des solutions méromorphes de systèmes, dans le cadre des systèmes à deux pentes dont une non entière et une nulle. / This thesis falls within the context of global and local geometric classification of q-difference equations. In a first part we study the global behaviour of some systems derived from q-Painlevé equations and introduced by Murata. We do so by constructing a Riemann-Hilbert-Birkhoff correspondence between such systems and their connexion matrices. In a second part we work on local classification by providing a construction of an equivariant vector bundle over the space of all formal classes with two slopes, the fibre over a formal class being the space of its isoformal analytic classes. As the action of the group of automorphisms of the graded module arises naturally when we study this bundle, we take an interest in the study of the space of analytic classes, which is the space of isoformal analytic classes modulo this action. We propose a first approach of such a classification by using toric varieties. In a third part we construct q-Stokes, i.e. meromorphic solutions of systems, in the context of systems with one non-integral slope and one equal to zero, this by using q-Borel and q-Laplace transforms.

The thesis presents a two pronged approach for predicting aerodynamics of air- foils/wings in the vicinity of the ground. The first approach is effectively a model for ground effect studies, employing an inexpensive Discrete Vortex Method for the 2D pre- dictions and the well known Numerical lifting line theory for the 3D predictions. The second one pertains to the dynamic ground effect analysis which employs the state of the art moving mesh methodology based time accurate CFD. In that sense, the thesis deals with two ends of spectrum in the ground effect analysis; one, a model to be used in the concept design phase and the other an advanced CFD tool for analysis. The proposed model for ground effect studies is based on the well known Discrete Vortex Method (DVM). An important aspect of this method is that it employs what is referred to as the Generalized Kutta Joukowski Theorem (GKJ), meant for interaction problems with multiple vortices, for predicting the lift (and drag) within a potential flow framework. After ascertaining the correctness of using the GKJ theorem for lift prediction for airfoils in ground effect, a modified DVM is presented as a model for ground effect predictions. As per this model, knowing the free stream lift and drag (either from an ex- periment or from a RANS computation) the aerodynamics of the section in ground effect can be predicted. The model is effectively built by constraining the DVM to produce the reference lift/drag in the free stream. The accuracy of the model, particularly for the more relevant high lift sections used during take-off and landing, is systematically estab- lished for a number of test cases. Knowing the sectional ground effect, the extension to 3D analysis is very simple and this is achieved through the well known Numerical Lifting Line theory. The efficacy of the proposed method for the 3D applications is demonstrated using a high lift wing in ground effect. It is worth noting that the proposed model predicts the lift and drag very accurately, practically at no computational cost as compared to modern RANS based CFD tools requiring over 40 or 50 million volumes at a high computational cost and intense human intervention for generating the grids for every ground clearance. The other aspect of the thesis pertains to what is referred to as the Dynamic Ground Effect. Normally the CFD computations mimic the ground effect experiments in simulat- ing the ground effect. These simulations do not maintain geometric similarity with the actual landing or take-off sequence of the aircrafts and this can only be achieved when the simulations are dynamic. Dynamics is also important in case of combat aircrafts (particularly their naval versions) with an aggressive landing and take-off. The dynamic ground effect simulations also provides a framework for simulating varied gust conditions. This dynamic simulation of the ground effect is accomplished using a novel sinking grid methodology, which allows the grids to sink in the ground as the aircraft approaches the ground along the glide path. These simulations make use of the state of the art, time accurate moving grid methods and therefore can be computationally expensive. Never- theless, the utility of such computations in terms of their ability to produce continuous data has been highlighted in the thesis. In that sense, these dynamic computations will be cheaper as compared to the static simulations to produce data at the same level of resolution.

Du point de vue de la médecine et des sciences du vivant, la médecine personnalisée (MP) est trop souvent réduite à cette idée d'adapter un diagnostic, une prédisposition ou un traitement, en fonction des caractéristiques génétiques d'un individu. Cependant, du point de vue des sciences humaines et sociales, la MP peut être considérée comme un phénomène social complexe en raison d'une existence propre et d'une composition sui generis, de l'effet de contraintes qu'il exerce sur les individus, d'un grand nombre d'interactions et d'interférences entre un grand nombre d'unités, mues d'incertitudes, d'indéterminations, de hasard, d'ordre et de désordre. Selon nous, cet autre point de vue permet de mieux étudier la MP par un travail de recherche en bioéthique, mais avec un nouvel objectif, opposé mais complémentaire de celui du droit et de la philosophie morale, et une nouvelle méthode. En effet, l'objectif de la bioéthique devrait être un travail de recherche prospectif questionnant les normes établies faisant face à un phénomène social complexe émergeant, non l'inverse. Ceci permet de déterminer les bénéfices pour la société, et ses individus, à laisser le phénomène émerger en son sein, et d'étudier des solutions possibles et probables et non des certitudes, pour le présent et le futur. De cette façon, les bénéfices identifiés pourront se produire. Mais cet objectif nécessite une méthode permettant d'étudier le fonctionnement du phénomène dans son ensemble, à l'échelle de la société, sans le réduire à l'a priori de certains individus, en privilégiant ses interactions à ses éléments : il s'agit de la modélisation théorique systémique inductive qualitative. L'idée clé est d'être dans une logique de découverte, non de preuve. Cette nouvelle approche nous a tout d'abord permis de comprendre que la MP ne devrait plus être nommée «personnalisée », ni même « génomique » ou de « précision», mais «médecine des données» (MD) étant donné le caractère centrale de la « donnée » (data) pour son fonctionnement. En effet, les finalités du phénomène semblent être, à partir d'une masse importante de données (génétiques), déduire (Datamining) ou induire (Big Data) différentes informations valorisables au niveau du soin, de la recherche et de l'industrie. Le moyen pour ça semble être le développement d'un réseau d'échange ou de partage d'échantillons biologiques, de données génétiques et d'informations entre patients, cliniciens, chercheurs et industriels, grâce à des voies de communication dématérialisées, qui centralisent le stockage des échantillons biologiques et des données génétiques, et une partie du traitement et de l'analyse, au niveau de centres de soin et de recherche académiques (France), et/ou d'entreprises privées (États-Unis), avec ou sans l'intermédiaire du clinicien. Les enjeux éthiques majeurs semblent donc résider dans les moyens et les modalités d'accès, de stockage et d'usage des données génétiques, car delà découle pour une organisation globalement similaire du phénomène un fonctionnement radicalement (social/libéral) opposé qui questionne certaines normes morales et juridiques. Au final, notre méthode nous a permis d'apporter différents arguments en faveur du consentement éclairé exprès électronique (e-CE) dynamique comme solution et moyen permettant un développement de la MD plus optimal concernant l'accès, le stockage et l'usage des données génétiques que ce soit pour le partage (France) ou l'échange (États-Unis) des données génétiques. / In the context of medicine and life sciences, personalized medicine (PM) is all too often reduced to the idea of adapting a diagnosis, predisposition or treatment according to the genetic characteristics of an individual. However, in human and social sciences, PM may be considered as a complex social phenomenon, due to the proper existence and unique composition of the constraints it imposes on individuals, the large number of interactions and interferences between a large number of units, rich in uncertainties, indeterminations, chance, order and disorder. We feel that this alternative point of view makes it possible to study PM more effectively by bioethics research approaches, but with a new objective, contrasting but complementary to those of law and moral philosophy, and a new method. Indeed, the objective of bioethics should be prospective studies questioning established norms in the face of emerging complex social phenomena, rather than the other way round. This makes it possible to determine the benefits, to society and its individuals, of allowing the phenomenon to emerge fully, and to study possible and probable solutions, rather than certainties, for the present and the future. This may allow the identified benefits to occur. However, this objective requires a method for studying the functioning of the phenomenon as a whole, at the scale of society, without a priori restriction to certain individuals, thereby favoring its interactions over its elements. Qualitative inductive systemic theoretical modeling is just such an approach. The key idea here is a rationale of discovery, rather than of proof. This new approach allowed us to understand that PM should not be called "personalized", or even "genomic" or "precision" medicine, and that the term "data medicine" (DM) should be favored, given the key role of data in its functioning. Indeed, the goal of this phenomenon seems to be to use a large mass of data (genetics) to deduce (data mining) or induce (big data) different types of information useful for medical care, research and industry. The means of achieving this end seems to be the development of a network for exchanging or sharing biological samples, genetic data and information between patients, clinicians, researchers and industrial partners, through electronic communication, with the central storage of biological samples and genetic data, and with treatment and analysis carried out at academic care and research centers (France) or in private companies (United States), with or without the involvement of a clinician. The major ethical issues thus seem to relate to the means and mode of access to, and the storage and use of genetic data, which may lead to a radically opposed (social/liberal) organizations and functioning, calling into question certain moral and legal standards. Finally, our method provided several arguments in favor of the use of dynamic electronic informed consent (e-CE) as a solution optimizing the development of PM in terms of genetic data access, storage and use, for the sharing (France) or exchange (United States) of genetic data.

This thesis is about wind shear and its influence on aviation. There is wide theoretical description of wind shear and itâs implemented into aviation practice. There are also methods of observation, forecasting and reporting, for both pilots and meteorologist described. In this thesis, pilots can find useful recommendations for dealing with wind shear during the flight. Every reader can also read about famous aviation accidents and look at models of weather that caused those accidents. At the end of thesis there are analyses of a rawiosonde measurements related to wind shear reports. This whole thesis is focused on increasing awareness of wind shear in aviation from angle of view of both pilots and aviation meteorologist.

In the flow past bluff bodies for a certain range of velocity a periodical vortex shedding emerges which is known as von Kármán vortex street. This phenomenon causes the periodical alteration of pressure field which affects the body. Should the vortex shedding frequency be similar to the body natural frequency, the amplitude of vibration significantly increases which can lead to fatigue cracking. In the case of water turbines, this phenomenon often affects the stay vanes. Both the vortex shedding frequency and the lift force amplitude can be influenced by the modification of the trailing edge geometry. The aim of this thesis is to use CFD computation in order to find the optimal geometry of the stay vane trailing edge for the specific Francis turbine unit.

The theme of this dissertation is “Management of the regeneration of post-industrial areas”. The aim of the work is to identify support mechanisms for the redevelopment of post-industrial areas in the Czech Republic. Such support mechanisms were researched and analysed in those EU countries that have broad and varied experience with the regeneration of post-industrial areas. The most favourable case studies were selected from Germany, with a particular focus given to the districts around the city of Leipzig, and the United Kingdom, highlighting the city of Manchester. For these chosen examples, I have analysed the legislative, institutional, and financial tools of urban regeneration support. One chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the environmental assessment tools for buildings and urban communities as alternative approach to the support of municipal regeneration. Findings from all chapters are contrasted with the analysis of four typical examples of derivation of post-industrial areas in Czech cities, which were chosen as being typical of unsuccessful redevelopments. Based on these examples I have compiled recommendations gained from successful mechanisms for urban regeneration abroad which could be considered and put into practice here in the Czech Republic.

Diploma thesis "Cellulite as a social phenomenon: Analysis of Czech Press" deals with the topic of origination and development of a conception of cellulite as an illness and defect to the beauty in Czech press and also deals with constructing of this phenomenon in present time. The aim of the study was to analyze and show how the conception of cellulite, thanks to which a normal physiological fact changed into a defect to the beauty and to an illness, was developed and medialized, by using a brief quantitative analysis of Czech press as a whole, a brief quantitative analysis of the research sample and consequently a qualitative analysis of this research sample. Hereafter the aim of the diploma thesis was also seeking of an answer to a question to what extent cellulite is an construct created by advertising industry and manufacturers of cosmetic devices and products, which is abusing and supporting normative imaginings of ideal female body and beauty.

Exile has always played a significant role in the history of the Romanian nation. On that account the Romanian literature written in exile after 1945 presents an important part of the history of Romanian literature as a whole. Due to its linguistic and cultural affinity France became one of the main host countries for Romanian exile writers. The introductive chapter is dedicated to description, classification and history of this phenomenon in Romanian context; furthermore, it deals with the position and reception of exile literature in Romania. According to their departure date in exile two generations of authors are presented: Mircea Eliade, Virgil Ierunca, Monica Lovinescu who left Romania in 1940s and Paul Goma, Bujor Nedelcovici, Dumitru Ţepeneag who decided to leave in France in 1970s and 1980s. The chosen works help us to get to know to the writers' creation and lives during the process of integration and, simultaneously, we get familiar with the communist Romania that became the main topics of the exile writers who are chosen as representatives of their exile generation. Through them the basic survey of this phenomenon in Romanian literature was drawn up.

De multiples auteurs de la discipline infirmière réclament la valeur inestimable de la relation de caring et de ses bienfaits pour la clientèle nécessitant des soins et services de réadaptation. En dépit de cette importance, la recherche concernant les bienfaits thérapeutiques de la relation de caring pour la clientèle de réadaptation demeure encore un domaine peu exploité. Actuellement, aucune étude scientifique québécoise, canadienne ou internationale, issue de la discipline infirmière, ne porte sur la compréhension de l’expérience d’« être avec » la personne soignée dans un contexte de réadaptation, aspect qui s’avère central à la relation de caring selon Watson. Au cœur même de la philosophie du Human Caring de Watson, la présente étude vise à explorer, par des entrevues qualitatives auprès de 17 infirmières oeuvrant en contexte de réadaptation, la signification de l’expérience d « être avec » la personne soignée, de même que leur perception de la contribution de cette expérience à la réadaptation de la personne soignée. Cinquante et une entrevues, c’est-à-dire trois entrevues réalisées pour chaque participant de recherche, ont été analysées à l’aide de la méthode phénoménologique intitulée « Relational Caring Inquiry » développée par Cara (1997). Le processus de recrutement des participants a impliqué la direction des soins infirmiers des deux centres de réadaptation ciblés par l’étude. Une attention particulière a été mise afin de favoriser une diversité de participants (par exemple : genre, niveau éducationnel, quart de travail, unité de soins). Le processus d’analyse des données a permis la découverte de cinq eidos-thèmes. Parmi ces eidos-thèmes, quatre se rapportent à la signification de l’expérience d’«être avec» la personne soignée (première question de recherche), à savoir : (a) l’importance des valeurs humanistes au centre du soin, (b) l’investissement de l’infirmière et de la personne soignée, (c) les dimensions réciproque et relationnelle du soin et, finalement, (d) l’expérience de soin irremplaçable d’une complexité contextuelle. De façon plus détaillée, le premier eidos-thème dévoile les fondements humanistes à la base de l’expérience d’« être avec » la personne soignée. Le deuxième manifeste l’implication substantielle de l’infirmière et de la personne soignée. Le troisième eidos-thème met en lumière la réciprocité et la dimension relationnelle comme étant des éléments centraux à l’expérience d’« être avec » la personne soignée. Le quatrième eidos-thème documente les natures fondamentale et complexe de cette expérience de soin unique, de même que les conditions contextuelles qui la facilitent et la contraignent. Le cinquième et dernier eidos-thème ayant émergé de la présente étude, « rehaussement de l’harmonie corps-âme-esprit chez la personne soignée et l’infirmière », illustre la perception des participantes quant à la contribution thérapeutique de l’expérience d’« être avec » la personne soignée à la réadaptation de cette dernière (deuxième question de recherche). Cette contribution se situe en termes de répondre aux besoins du patient, d’optimiser les progrès de réadaptation de la personne soignée, de promouvoir le niveau de bien-être de la personne soignée et de l’infirmière et, finalement, de hausser la croissance intérieure des personnes engagées dans cette expérience de soin extraordinaire. La reconnaissance des cinq eidos-thèmes a favorisé l’émergence de l’essence universelle du phénomène à l’étude qui s’intitule « la rencontre humaine profonde, thérapeutique et transformatrice ». La présente étude contribue de façon novatrice au développement des connaissances, notamment en permettant une meilleure compréhension de ce que signifie l’expérience d’« être avec » la personne soignée, pour des infirmières en réadaptation et en proposant une multitude de résultats probants pouvant servir de guide à la promulgation de soins infirmiers en contexte de réadaptation. En déterminant la signification ontologique de cette expérience de soin, la présente étude permet de préciser la place du phénomène d’« être avec » la personne soignée au centre de la théorie du caring. Ces résultats qui découlent de la deuxième question de recherche participent au développement initial d’un corpus de connaissances. Ces résultats probants serviront de guide au renouvellement de la pratique infirmière en contexte de réadaptation. De plus, en identifiant les bienfaits de cette expérience de soin, la présente étude reconnaît l’élément au cœur de la relation transpersonnelle de caring, qui contribue à rehausser l’harmonie corps-âme-esprit chez la personne soignée et l’infirmière. En plus de la clinique, des recommandations au niveau de la formation et de la recherche en sciences infirmières découlent de la présente étude. / Several nursing authors acknowledge the essential value of the caring relationship and its benefits for the rehabilitation clientele. In spite of this importance, the therapeutic benefits of the caring relationship for this clientele remain an unexamined area. Currently, no Quebec, Canadian or international scientific nursing study is concerned with understanding the experience to « be with » the person being cared for in a rehabilitation context, which is central to the caring relationship according to Watson. Inspired by Watson’s Human Caring philosophy, this study aims to investigate, by qualitative interviews with seventeen rehabilitation nurses, the meaning of the experience to « be with » the person being cared for, as well as their perception of the contribution of this experience to the person’s rehabilitation. Fifty one interviews, therefore three interviews for every research participant, were analyzed using the « phenomenological » method entitled « Relational Caring Inquiry » developed by Cara (1997). The process of participant recruitment involved the nursing management team of both rehabilitation centres targeted by the study. A variety of participants was favoured (e.g.: gender, educational level, shift worked, and patient care unit). The process of data analysis allowed the discovery of five eidos-themes. Among these eidos-themes, four refer to the meaning of the experience to « be with » the person cared for (first research question), namely: (a) the importance of humanistic values at the core of the care, (b) the investment of the nurse and the person cared for, (c) the reciprocal and relational care dimensions and finally, (d) the irreplaceable care experience of contextual complexity. In more detail, the first eidos-theme reveals the humanistic basis of the experience to « be with » the cared person. The second expresses the substantial implication of the nurse and the person cared for. The third eidos-theme clarifies the reciprocity and relational dimension as being central elements of the experience to « be with » the person cared for. The fourth eidos-theme documents fundamental and complex origins of this unique care experience, as well as the contextual conditions which facilitate and impede it. The fifth and last eidos-theme emerging from this study, « strengthening the mind-body-spirit harmony of the person cared for and the nurse », illustrates the participants’ perception regarding the therapeutic contribution of the experience to « be with » the person cared (second research question). This contribution meets the patient’s needs, optimizes the rehabilitation progress of the person cared for, promotes the level of well being of the person cared for and the nurse and finally, raises the inner growth of the people engaged in this extraordinary care experience. The recognition of these five eidos-themes supports the emergence of the universal essence of the phenomenon being studied which is entitled « the profound, therapeutic, and transformative human relationship ». The present study contributes, in an innovative way, to knowledge development, in particular by allowing a better understanding of the meaning of rehabilitation nurses’ experience to « be with » the patient, and advancing evidence-based results to be used as a guide for the development of nursing care in the context of rehabilitation. By determining the ontological meaning of this care experience, the present study makes it possible to specify the place of the phenomenon to « be with » the patient as being central to the caring theory. The results arising from the second research question contribute to the development of a body of knowledge. These evidence-based results will be used to guide the renewal of nursing practice in the context of rehabilitation. Moreover, by identifying the benefits of this care experience, the present study recognizes the element at the heart of transpersonal caring relationship, which contributes to mind-body-spirit harmony for both, the person cared for and the nurse. This study also proposes recommendations for education and research in nursing sciences.

The most important moment of whole project is the change of the status. Creation of unique sarcophagus for an object of mass-production - one of many globally manufactured objects become a part of a unique, authentic object and authorship. Transformation of one of the mass-product to the skeleton of author's object. Mass-product gives dimensions to the original object - it is directing process of creation. By creating its own unique case the object of mass-production is finally closer to human scale: one piece of furniture vs. one carpenter.