Syftet med denna studie var att lyfta fram sex förskollärares upplevelser kring arbetet med barn som har språkliga svårigheter. Studien baseras på en kvalitativ forskningsundersökning där förskollärarna intervjuades genom frågor som handlade om deras förutsättningar, metoder, stöttning för barnen, utmaningar och samarbetet. Studien utgår ifrån ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv där epoché, fenomen, livsvärld, meningsbärande enheter och essens är de centrala begrepp som används i koppling till analysen. I resultatet och analysen framställs det som ansågs vara kärnan i förskollärarnas upplevelser utifrån det som togs upp under intervjuerna. Här läggs fokus på språkmedvetet arbete, synligheten av svårigheter, tiden, vikten av att se varje barn och det viktiga samarbetet. / The purpose of this study was to highlight six preschool teachers' experiences of working with children with language difficulties. The study is based on a qualitative research where the preschool teachers were interviewed through questions about their conditions, methods, support for the children, challenges and cooperation. The study is based on a phenomenological perspective where epoch, phenomenon, lifeworld, meaning-bearing units and essence are the central concepts used in connection with the analysis. In the results and analysis, what was considered to be the core of the preschool teachers' experiences is presented based on what was raised during the interviews. Here, the focus is on language-aware work, the visibility of difficulties, time, the importance of seeing each child and the important collaboration.

La grossesse est une période importante dans la vie d’une femme. Celle-ci va subir différents changements (hormonaux et cliniques) et différentes adaptations (neuromécaniques) qui peuvent contribuer au développement de douleurs dans les régions lombaire et pelvienne, aussi appelées douleurs lombo-pelviennes. Cette thèse vise à déterminer quelle est la contribution des facteurs hormonaux, neuromécaniques et cliniques qui contribuent au développement et à l'évolution des douleurs lombo-pelviennes chez la femme enceinte pour éventuellement déterminer quelles sont les approches à adopter en matière de prise en charge de ces douleurs. À l’aide de quatre études (revue intégrative de la littérature, revue narrative, étude de cohorte et étude de faisabilité contrôlée et randomisée), cette thèse a permis de comparer la littérature actuelle avec de nouvelles études et de mettre en lumière les manques encore présents en lien avec ce sujet. La revue intégrative de la littérature a permis de constater que la relaxine (l’hormone la plus étudiée en comparaison à l’oestrogène et la progestérone) ne semble pas être associée au développement ni à l’évolution des douleurs lombo-pelviennes chez les femmes enceintes. La revue narrative présente les changements hormonaux et biomécaniques ainsi que les adaptations neuromusculaires liées à la grossesse qui pourraient jouer un rôle dans le développement des douleurs lombo-pelviennes pendant la grossesse. L’étude de cohorte a montré une augmentation de l'intensité des douleurs lombo-pelviennes et de l'incapacité physique, une augmentation du risque de mauvais pronostic pour la douleur ainsi qu’une diminution du catastrophisme lié à la douleur au fil de la grossesse. Les résultats ont aussi montré une corrélation entre l'incapacité physique et les niveaux d'oestrogènes (premier-deuxième trimestre), ainsi qu'une corrélation entre les niveaux d'oestrogènes et l'intensité de la douleur diurne (deuxième-troisième trimestre). L’étude de faisabilité contrôlée et randomisée a été réalisée auprès de 32 femmes enceintes recrutées sur une période de 14 mois. Parmi elles, 26 (11 dans le groupe d'intervention et 15 dans le groupe contrôle) ont participé à la visite post-intervention (taux de rétention de 81,3 %). Le taux d'observance était similaire pour les séances d'exercices supervisées et non supervisées, bien que l'acceptabilité fût meilleure pour les séances supervisées par rapport aux séances non supervisées. À la rencontre pré-intervention, les caractéristiques des participantes étaient similaires entre les deux groupes, sauf pour le niveau d'éducation (plus élevé dans le groupe contrôle). Les résultats préliminaires n'ont montré aucune différence significative dans la fréquence, l'intensité et l'incapacité physique associées aux DLP entre les groupes, bien que des tendances prometteuses aient été observées. Cette thèse examine les changements hormonaux, cliniques, biomécaniques et les adaptations neuromusculaires chez les femmes enceintes souffrant de douleurs lombo-pelviennes. Les résultats montrent qu’un programme d'exercices de contrôle moteur est sûr et faisable avec quelques ajustements, mais que la stabilité de la région lombo-pelvienne demeure complexe et incertaine en raison des variations hormonales et des adaptations neuromécaniques pendant la grossesse. Bien que l'efficacité de l'intervention n'ait pas été statistiquement démontrée, nos résultats ont montré la faisabilité d’une éventuelle étude contrôlée et randomisée à plus grande échelle. Cette thèse identifie également des aspects à considérer pour les futures études visant à améliorer la prise en charge des femmes enceintes souffrant de douleurs lombo-pelviennes pendant la grossesse. / Pregnancy is an important period in a woman's life. Pregnant women will undergo different changes (hormonal and clinical) and adaptations (neuromechanical) that can contribute to the development of pain in the lumbar and pelvic region, also known as lumbopelvic pain. This thesis aims to determine the contribution of hormonal, neuromechanical, and clinical factors that contribute to the development and evolution of lumbopelvic pain in pregnant women, to eventually determine which approaches should be adopted in terms of managing these pains. Through four studies (an integrative literature review, a narrative review, a cohort study, and a controlled and randomized feasibility study), it was possible to compare current literature with new studies and highlight the gaps still present in this field. The integrative literature review showed that relaxin (the hormone most studied in comparison to estrogen and progesterone) does not seem to be associated with the development or evolution of lumbopelvic pain in pregnant women. The narrative review presents the hormonal and biomechanical changes as well as the neuromuscular adaptations related to pregnancy that could play a role in the development of lumbopelvic pain during pregnancy. The cohort study showed an increase in the intensity of lumbopelvic pain and disability, an increase in the risk of poor prognosis for pain, as well as a decrease in pain catastrophizing over the course of pregnancy. The results also showed a correlation between disability and estrogen levels (first second trimester), as well as a correlation between estrogen levels and the diurnal lumbopelvic pain intensity (second third trimester). The controlled and randomized feasibility study was conducted on 32 pregnant women recruited over a period of 14 months. Among them, 26 (11 in the intervention group and 15 in the control group) participated in the post-intervention visit (retention rate of 81.3%). Adherence rates were similar for supervised and unsupervised exercise sessions, although acceptability was better for supervised sessions compared to unsupervised sessions. At the pre-intervention meeting, participant characteristics were similar between the two groups, except for education level (higher in the control group). Preliminary results showed no significant differences in frequency, intensity, and disability associated with lumbopelvic pain between the groups, although promising trends were observed. This thesis examines hormonal, clinical, biomechanical changes and neuromuscular adaptations in pregnant women with lumbopelvic pain. The results show that a motor control exercise program is safe and feasible with some adjustments, but the stability of the lumbo-pelvic region remains complex and uncertain due to hormonal variations and neuromechanical adaptations during pregnancy. Although the effectiveness of the intervention has not been statistically proven, results suggest that its efficacy could potentially be demonstrated through a larger randomized controlled trial. This thesis also identifies aspects to consider for future studies aimed at improving the management of pregnant women with lumbopelvic pain during pregnancy.

[pt] Os últimos leilões do pré-sal para exploração e produção de petróleo e gás no Brasil indicam que as operações de perfuração se tornarão mais intensas nos próximos anos. O processo de perfuração rotativo é amplamente utilizado para alcançar os reservatórios de petróleo e devido à relação diâmetro/comprimento do sistema de perfuração, o modo de vibração torcional está presente em quase todos os processos de perfuração, podendo chegar a um estado crítico indesejável: o fenômeno de stick-slip. Com o intuito de abordar este problema, o modo torcional é isolado e o stick-slip é observado em uma coluna de perfuração em escala reduzida completamente instrumentada. Durante o stick-slip, outro torque pode ser aplicado em uma posição intermediária da bancada de teste. O modelo matemático de parâmetros concentrados é obtido e o modelo é comparado com dados experimentais com o propósito de verificar se o modelo matemático representa o aparato experimental. Uma análise de estabilidade é feita usando o modelo validado com o objetivo de identificar soluções estáveis do sistema. Com isso, observou-se que existe uma faixa do parâmetro de bifurcação na qual soluções de equilíbrio e periódicas estáveis coexistem. Para uma dada situação de stick-slip na faixa de biestabilidade, duas estratégias de mitigação de vibração torcional foram consideradas e consistiram em impor perturbações no sistema por meio do torque na posição intermediária da bancada de teste: (i) torques aplicados apenas contra a direção de movimento do sistema, e (ii) torques aplicados em ambas as direções. As estratégias foram testadas numericamente e apresentaram eficiência de tal modo que o stick-slip foi completamente mitigado: as energias do sistema e o trabalho gerado pelo torque intermediário aplicado foram comparados com o propósito de avaliar a factibilidade e razoabilidade da estratégia. Experimentalmente, o sistema continuou a oscilar, porém apresentou uma significante redução na fase de stick mesmo com limitações de aplicações de torque. / [en] The latter round bids of the pre-salt for exploration and production of oil and natural gas in Brazil indicate the drilling operations will become more intense in coming years. The rotational drilling process is largely used to reach the oil reservoirs and because of diameter-to-length ratio of the drilling system, torsional vibration mode is present in most all drilling processes and may reach an undesired severe stage: the stick-slip phenomenon. In order to address this problem, the torsional vibration mode is isolated and the stick-slip is observed in a fully instrumented drill-string experimental set-up in this work. During this phenomenon, another torque may be applied on an intermediate position of the test bench. The lumped parameter mathematical model is obtained and it is compared to experimental data to validate whether the mathematical model represents the experimental apparatus. A stability analysis is performed using the validated mathematical model in order to identify stable solutions of the system. Therewith, one observed that there is a range of the bifurcation parameter in which stable equilibrium and periodic solutions may coexist. For a given stick-slip situation in bi-stability range, two mitigation strategies of torsional vibration were considered which consisted of imposing perturbations in the system via torques on the intermediate position of the test bench: (i) torques applied only against the direction of motion of the system, and (ii) torques applied in both directions. The strategies were tested numerically and presented eficiency so that the stickslip was completely mitigated: the energies of the system and the work created by the intermediate torque were compared in order evaluate the feasibility and reasonableness of the strategy. Experimentally, the system continued to oscillate, however it presented a significant reduction of stick phase even with limitations of torque applications.

[pt] Uma fase crítica do processo de obtenção do petróleo é a perfuração do solo para o acesso ao reservatório. Um dos problemas, em particular, é compreender o comportamento dinâmico da coluna de perfuração durante o processo de perfuração diante de diversos fatores como a interação broca-rocha, choques da coluna de perfuração contra a parede do poço, estratégias de controle da velocidade angular de operação e outros fatores. Uma etapa fundamental para lidar com este problema é a representação do sistema dinâmico para caracterizar a coluna de perfuração, isto é, o modelo matemático que representará a resposta dinâmica da estrutura diante dos carregamentos. Neste contexto, este trabalho abordará o problema da dinâmica de uma coluna de perfuração através de um modelo matemático baseado na teoria de Cosserat, que resultará em um sistema de seis equações diferenciais parciais que descrevem a resposta dinâmica de uma estrutura unidimensional, inserida no espaço euclidiano tridimensional, em termos das variáveis de deslocamento linear da curva e angular das seções. O modelo é capaz de descrever uma dinâmica não-linear, incluindo flexão, torsão, extensão e cisalhamento. Inicialmente, o sistema de EDPs é resolvido na forma quase estática, satisfazendo as condições de contorno, utilizando o método de Perturbação Regular. As soluções aproximadas são utilizadas como funções base para implementação no método de Elementos Finitos. Estas funções base são conhecidas como elemento de Cosserat Modificado (Modfied Cosserat Rod Element - MCRE). Verifica-se a limitação destas funções base para problemas que não envolvam grandes deslocamentos, não sendo adequadas para o problema proposto. Diante deste fato, o sistema de EDPs é escrito na forma fraca e resolvido por um software comercial de análise de Elementos Finitos considerando as condições de contorno, o modelo de interação broca-rocha, a estratégia de controle da velocidade angular e eventuais contatos da coluna contra a parede do poço. O modelo proposto produziu resultados que estão de acordo com a literatura e se mostrou capaz de lidar com grandes deslocamentos. / [en] A critical step in the oil exploration process is drilling the soil for access to the petroleum reservoir. One of the problems is understanding the dynamic behavior of the drill string during the drilling process in the face of various factors such as drill bit-rock interaction, drill string shocks against the well wall, angular velocity control strategies and other factors. A key part of dealing with this problem is the representation of the dynamic system to characterize the drill string, e.g., the mathematical model that will represent the dynamical response of the structure when facing different types of loads. In this context, this work will address the problem of the dynamics of a drill string using a mathematical model based on Cosserat theory that will result in a system of six partial differential equations that describe the dynamic response of a one-dimensional structure, inserted in three-dimensional Euclidean space, in terms of the linear displacement variables of the curve and angular displacement of the cross sections. The model is able to describe nonlinear dynamics, including flexure, torsion, extension and shear. Initially, the system of partial differential equations is solved in a quasi-static sense, satisfying the boundary conditions, using the Regular Perturbation method. The approximate solutions are used as shape functions for implementation in the Finite Element method. These shape functions are known as Modified Cosserat Rod Element (MCRE). It is verified that these shape functions are restricted to problems that do not involve large displacements and for this reason they are not suitable for the proposed problem. Given this fact, the system of partial differential equations is written in a weak form and solved by a commercial software based on Finite Element analysis, considering the boundary conditions, the drill bit-rock interaction model, the angular velocity control strategy and for any string contacts against the well wall. The proposed model produced results that are in agreement with the literature and is capable of dealing with large displacements.

Phänomenbasierter Physikunterricht (PbPU) als alternative Vorgehensweise bei der Vermittlung von Physik wird seit 20 Jahren in der fachdidaktischen Forschung verstärkt beachtet und hat sich zunehmend an den Schulen etabliert. Er lässt sich anhand seiner Merkmalaspekte Subjektivität, Mediation, Affektivität, Modellfreiheit/Modellkompetenz und Exploration charakterisieren und abgrenzen. Die Merkmale PbPUs sind mit einer konstruktivistischen Lerntheorie vereinbar und liefern die Voraussetzungen für erfolgreiches Lernen gemäß dem INVO-Modell. Bisher existieren jedoch keine empirischen Belege für den Einfluss PbPUs auf die Interessen- und Leistungsentwicklung oder anderer motivationaler Konstrukte wie Stereotypen und das fachbezogene Selbstkonzept. Für den wertenden Vergleich mit anderen Konzeptionen von Physikunterricht ist es jedoch wichtig, PbPU hinsichtlich seiner Wirkung auf das Lernen von Physik einschätzen zu können. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit soll diesem Desiderat begegnet werden. In einer quasiexperimentellen Feldstudie im Versuchs-/Kontrollgruppendesign (N=300) wurden die Vor- und Nachtestergebnisse der Versuchsbedingungen verglichen. Das Treatment in der Versuchsgruppe war eine achtwöchige Unterrichtssequenz der phänomenbasierten Anfangsoptik. Als abhängige Konstrukte wurden das Image von Physik, das fachbezogene Selbstkonzept, Interesse und Fachwissen untersucht. Image und Selbstkonzept wurden im Kontext der Balanced Identity Theory operationalisiert und mithilfe impliziter Assoziationstests (IATs) erhoben. Die varianzanalytischen Verfahren zeigten keine Effekte, die auf einen von der Testzeit abhängigen Unterschied zwischen der Versuchs- und Kontrollgruppe hindeuten. Die Ausprägungen der impliziten Assoziationen und des Interesses entwickelten sich in beiden Gruppen identisch, mit einer für das Lernen von Physik ungünstigen Tendenz. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie liefern somit keine Belege für die Wirksamkeit PbPUs auf die untersuchten Konstrukte. / Since 20 years are "phenomenon-based science classes" (PbPU) as alternative method for imparting physics increasingly observed by subject-didactic research and they have established for use in schools. PbPU can be characterized and defined by the specific aspects subjectivity, mediation, affectivity, model-competency and exploration. Defining characters of PbPU are compatible with constructivist theory of learning and provide conditions for effective learning in accordance to INVO-model. Until today there are no empirical demonstrations to state the effect of development of PbPU in interests and performance nor other motivational constructs as stereotypes and physics self-concept. It is important for evaluative comparison with different concepts of science classes to be able to value PbPU concerning effect on learning of physics. The work in hand shall respond to this desideratum. Pre- and posttest data of two experimental conditions were compared in nonrandomized field study with control group design ($N=300$). Treatment of test group was an eight weeks'' teaching sequence of phenomenon-based optics (7th grade). The dependent constructs were image of physics, physics self-concept, interests and knowledge in optics. Image and self-concept were operationalized within theoretical framework of Balanced Identity and measured with implicit association tests (IATs). ANOVAs and ANCOVAs revealed no effects of interaction between time and experimental group. Implicit associations and interests developed in each group identically with negative tendency for learning of physics. Therefore, results of this study provide no evidence for the impact of PBPU on investigated constructs.

The object matter of the study is impostor phenomenon. The subject of the study is the interrelation between the impostor phenomenon and ordinary (grandiose) and sensitive (vulnerable) narcissism and self-attitude. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of literature (67 sources) and some appendixes, which includes the forms of the applied methodologies. The volume of the master's thesis is 99 pages, on which are placed 19 figures and 19 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problematics, the purpose and objectives of the research are set, the object and the subject of research are determined, the basic and additional hypotheses are formulated, the methods and the empirical base are specified, as well as the stages of the research, the scientific novelty, the theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes an overview of the domestic and foreign literature on the subject of impostor phenomenon, narcissism and self-attitude. Conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It provides a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained using all the methods used: Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale, CIPS; Narcissistic Personality Inventory - NPI-16; Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale, HSNS; Self-Attitude Questionnaire developed by V.V. Stolin and S.R. Pantileev. Also, the chapter presents a comparative, correlation of the study. The findings of Chapter 2 are the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, brief results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are presented, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses. The practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of the problematics are described. / Объектом исследования явился феномен самозванца. Предметом исследования стала связь феномена самозванца с обычным (грандиозным) и сензитивным (уязвимым) нарциссизмом и самоотношением. Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (67 источников) и приложений, включающих в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем ВКР 99 страниц, на которых размещены 19 рисунков и 19 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по темам феномена самозванца, нарциссизма и самоотношения. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: «Шкале феномена самозванца» П. Кланс, «Нарциссическому опроснику личности» (NPI-16), «Шкале сензитивного нарциссизма» (HSNS) и «Опроснику самоотношения» В.В. Столина и С.Р. Пантилеева. Также в главе представлен сравнительный и корреляционный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам и обоснована практическая значимость исследования.

This dissertation attempts to illuminate the significance of what has been called the "coworkers" for Paul's mission. At the same time it revises the traditional portrait of Paul as a "lone ranger", not properly understood and appreciated by others. Thus the focus is on the way in which Paul together with his co-workers as his missionary partners achieved the various tasks of early Chrisian mission, namely the proclamation of the gospel and the consolidation of churches. This phenomenon is best described with the German term Kollegialmission, i.e. a mission carried by a team of colleagues. A survey of research is followed by a detailed analysis of this phenomenon in the letters commonly recognised as written by Paul himself. In additon to explicit statements on the co-workers, attention is also given to implicit references, e.g. verb forms in the first person plural which appear in some letters and contribute to understanding this Kollegialmission. Then the same methodological procedure is applied to the disputed letters of Paul. A final chapter examines the portrait of Paul and his co-workers in the Book of Acts. This dissertation demonstrates that this understanding and practice of Kollegialmission was a central point in Paul's mission and self-understanding. His co-workers receive their commission and authority from God, to whom they are responsible. The gospel constitutes the foundation for this cooperation between Paul and his co-workers. Thus the co-workers perform the same duties as Paul himself, though his special apostolate remains in place. The picture of the Kollegialmission in the Deuteropauline letters differs only slightly from that of the letters generally recognised as Paul's own. As the author of Acts is mainly interested in the person of Paul, his co-workers appear increasingly on the backstage as the story unfolds. This examination closes with an application of some principles of Paul's Kollegialmission to present day congregational ministry and mission work. / Theology / M.Th.

School-based induction programmes largely focus on informing beginner teachers about the school culture and infrastructure, yet, the core business of education is teaching and learning. A consensus is, however, growing among educators and researchers that despite the positive experiences novice teachers experience during school-based induction programmes, they also experience challenges which affect their perceptions of school-based induction. Despite those challenges in the education sector, hope for the future, as guided by Vision 2030, still remains with one essential human resource: the teachers themselves. Therefore, if novice teachers are to impact profoundly on the learners’ academic achievement, then quality induction programmes must be in place in Namibian schools in order to support their instructional growth. A comprehensive nation-wide induction effort with high emphasise on mentoring will accelerate novice teacher efficacy and consequently learner learning. The purpose of this research study was to identify beginner teachers’ perceptions of school-based induction at selected primary schools in Windhoek and suggested a framework which may inform future research efforts and improve the application of school-based induction. To do this, a qualitative research methodology was preferred to assess the perceptions of novice teachers at the selected schools. Eight beginner teachers and four Heads of Departments participated in the study. The result draws attention to the professional enculturation of beginner teachers, but notably, compels practical reconsideration on how school-based induction is practised in light of beginner teacher growth and sustainability. / Educational Management and Leadership / M. Ed. (Educational Management)

本研究旨在應用書目計量學方法分析1900年至2007年間，輸送現象文獻之特性，藉以探討輸送現象之發展情形。研究樣本取自SCIE資料庫，計104854篇相關書目資料。期望本研究結果能提供輸送現象學界與圖書館或資料單位參考，協助其做有效之館藏規劃及期刊資訊服務。 本研究結果歸納如下：(1)輸送現象文獻成長狀況目前呈穩定成長狀態，1965年後之文獻累積成長曲線符合指數成長。(2)輸送現象文獻之主要出版國為美國、英國、荷蘭、瑞士、德國、日本等國。台灣文獻出版量之排名則為第22名。(3)英文為輸送現象文獻最重要之寫作語文，德文、法文、俄文、日文依序於後。(4)輸送現象文獻之出版類型以期刊文章為主，佔總文獻之91.37%。(5)本研究不符合布萊德福定律，但符合布萊德福-齊夫定律曲線，求得之核心期刊有八種，分別為美國及英國所出版。(6)以高被引期刊、影響係數以及被資料庫收錄情況等方式，驗證布萊德福分區法所求之核心期刊品質，發現核心期刊品質值得信任。(7)以洛卡定律最小平方法求得n值為-2.5141(平等法)、-2.5389(第一作者法)，c值為0.7488(平等法)、0.7546(第一作者法)，進一步利用K-S檢定法加以檢定，證明洛卡定律並不適用於本研究。(8)本研究之作者生產力分佈不符合普萊斯平方根定律與80/20定律。(9)印度理工學院為輸送現象文獻重要的生產機構；台灣則為國立成功大學。總生產力台灣排名世界第22。(10)美國、法國、德國、日本、俄羅斯為相關研究機構最多的國家；英國、美國、荷蘭、瑞士則為最具吸收他國研究成果的學術傳播環境。 本研究最後依據研究發現之結果，提出以下建議：(1)本研究之各項研究成果，可作為圖書資訊界館藏發展與管理之參考。(2)輸送現象產業界應加強對於研究的重視。(3)輸送現象相關研究人員，應具備英文、德文、法文、俄文等外語能力。(4)資料庫公司應提升書目資料精確性，以利研究。(5)定期對輸送現象文獻進行分析，有助於輸送現象相關研究人員瞭解該領域之研究發展。 / This study analyzed the characteristics of transport phenomenon literature during 1900-2007 by a bibliometric approach. A total of 104854 bibliographic data were retrieved from SCIE database. The results attempt to have a better understanding of the developments and trends on transport phenomenon reaserch. The results of the present study reveal that: (1) Transport Phenomenon literature increased steadily. The growth curve during 1965-2007 fits exponential growth. (2)USA, UK, Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany and Japan are the major countries of Transport Phenomenon publications. Taiwan ranked 22. (3)English is the most often used language. German ranked number two and the third most often used language is French. (4)Journal article is the major of publication and accounted for 91.37% of total publication. (5)The journal article distribution doesn't fit Bradford Law. However, it fits the typical Bradford-Zipf’s S-shaped curve. (6)Core journals are found to be associated with highly cited times and high impact factor. (7)For only counting first author, Lotka’s law is found to be inapplicable to author productivity distribution with n=-2.5389, c=0.7488. The K-S test also explored the invalidity of observed distribution at 0.01 level of significance. (8) Author productivity distribution also does’t fit Price Square Root Law and 80/20 Rule. (9) Indian Institute of Technology is the most important institute of Transport Phenomenon publications. In Taiwan, National Cheng Kung University published the most Transport Phenomenon literature and it ranked 22. (10)USA, French, Germany, Japan and Russia have the most relevant research institutions than other countries.

Cette étude est dédiée à l'amélioration du design des microréacteurs gaz-liquide. Le terme de microréacteur correspond à des appareils composés de canaux dont les dimensions sont de l’ordre de quelques dizaines à quelques centaines de microns. Grâce à la valeur importante du ratio surface/volume, ces appareils constituent une issue prometteuse pour contrôler les réactions rapides fortement exothermiques, souvent rencontrées en chimie fine et pharmaceutique. Dans le cas des systèmes gaz-liquide, on peut citer par exemple les réactions de fluoration, d’hydrogénation ou d’oxydation. Comparés à des appareils conventionnels, les microréacteurs permettent de supprimer le risque d’apparition de points chauds, et d’envisager le fonctionnement dans des conditions plus critiques, par exemple avec des concentrations de réactifs plus élevées. En même temps, la sélectivité peut être augmentée et les coûts opératoires diminués. Ainsi, les technologies de microréacteurs s’inscrivent bien dans les nouveaux challenges auxquels l'industrie chimique est confrontée ; on peut citer en particulier la réduction de la consommation énergétique et la gestion des stocks de produits intermédiaires. Les principaux phénomènes qui doivent être étudiés lors de la conception d’un microréacteur sont le transfert de matière et le transfert thermique. Dans les systèmes diphasiques, ces transferts sont fortement influencés par la nature des écoulements, et l'hydrodynamique joue donc un rôle central. Par conséquent, nous avons focalisé notre travail sur l’hydrodynamique de l’écoulement diphasique dans les microcanaux et sur les couplages constatés avec le transfert de masse. Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes dans un premier temps intéressés aux régimes d’écoulement et aux paramètres contrôlant la transition entre les différents régimes. Au vu des capacités de transfert de matière et à la flexibilité offerte en terme de conditions opératoires, le régime de Taylor semble le plus prometteur pour mettre en œuvre des réactions rapides fortement exothermiques et limitées par le transfert de matière. Ce régime d'écoulement est caractérisé par des bulles allongées entourées par un film liquide et séparées les unes des autres par une poche liquide. En plus du fait que ce régime est accessible à partir d’une large gamme de débits gazeux et liquide, l'aire interfaciale développée est assez élevée, et les mouvements de recirculation du liquide induits au sein de chaque poche sont supposés améliorer le transport des molécules entre la zone interfaciale et le liquide. A partir d'une étude de l’hydrodynamique locale d’un écoulement de Taylor, il s’est avéré que la perte de charge et le transfert de matière sont contrôlés par la vitesse des bulles, et la longueur des bulles et des poches. Dans l’étape suivante, nous avons étudié l'influence des paramètres de fonctionnement sur ces caractéristiques de l’écoulement. Une première phase de notre travail expérimental a porté sur la formation des bulles et des poches et la mesure des champs de vitesse de la phase liquide dans des microcanaux de section rectangulaire. Nous avons également pris en compte le phénomène de démouillage, qui joue un rôle important au niveau de la perte de charge et du transfert de matière. Des mesures du coefficient de transfert de matière (kLa) ont été réalisées tandis que l'écoulement associé était enregistré. Les vitesses de bulles, longueurs de bulles et de poches, ainsi que les caractéristiques issues de l’exploitation des champs de vitesse précédemment obtenus, ont été utilisées afin de proposer un modèle modifié pour la prédiction du kLa dans des microcanaux de section rectangulaire. En mettant en évidence l'influence du design du microcanal sur l’hydrodynamique et le transfert de matière, notre travail apporte une contribution importante dans le contrôle en microréacteur des réactions rapides fortement exothermiques et limitées par le transfert de matière. De plus, ce travail a permis d'identifier certaines lacunes en termes de connaissance, ce qui devrait pouvoir constituer l'objet de futures recherches. / The present project deals with the improvement of the design of gas-liquid microreactors. The term microreactor characterizes devices composed of channels that have dimensions in the several tens to several hundreds of microns. Due to their increased surface to volume ratios these devices are a promising way to control fast and highly exothermic reactions, often employed in the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceutical compounds. In the case of gas-liquid systems, these are for example direct fluorination, hydrogenation or oxidation reactions. Compared to conventional equipment microreactors offer the possibility to suppress hot spots and to operate hazardous reaction systems at increased reactant concentrations. Thereby selectivity may be increased and operating costs decreased. In this manner microreaction technology well fits in the challenges the chemical industry is continuously confronted to, which are amongst others the reduction of energy consumption and better feedstock utilization. The main topics which have to be considered with respect to the design of gasliquid μ-reactors are heat and mass transfer. In two phase systems both are strongly influenced by the nature of the flow and thus hydrodynamics play a central role. Consequently we focused our work on the hydrodynamics of the two-phase flow in microchannels and the description of the inter-linkage to gas-liquid mass transfer. In this context we were initially concerned with the topic of gas-liquid flow regimes and the main parameters prescribing flow pattern transitions. From a comparison of flow patterns with respect to their mass transfer capacity, as well as the flexibility offered with respect to operating conditions, the Taylor flow pattern appears to be the most promising flow characteristic for performing fast, highly exothermic and mass transfer limited reactions. This flow pattern is characterized by elongated bubbles surrounded by a liquid film and separated from each other by liquid slugs. In addition to the fact that this flow regime is accessible within a large range of gas and liquid flow rates, and has a relatively high specific interfacial area, Taylor flow features a recirculation motion within the liquid slugs, which is generally assumed to increase molecular transport between the gas-liquid interface and the bulk of the liquid phase. From a closer look on the local hydrodynamics of Taylor flow, including the fundamentals of bubble transport and the description of the recirculation flow within the liquid phase, it turned out that two-phase pressure drop and gas-liquid mass transfer are governed by the bubble velocity, bubble lengths and slug lengths. In the following step we have dealt with the prediction of these key hydrodynamic parameters. In this connection the first part of our experimental study was concerned with the investigation of the formation of bubbles and slugs and the characterization of the liquid phase velocity field in microchannels of rectangular cross-section. In addition we also addressed the phenomenon of film dewetting, which plays an important rôle concerning pressure drop and mass-transfer in Taylor flow. In the second part we focused on the prediction of gas-liquid mass transfer in Taylor flow. Measurements of the volumetric liquid side mass transfer coefficient (kLa-value) were conducted and the related two-phase flow was recorded. The measured bubble velocities, bubble lengths and slug lengths, as well as the findings previously obtained from the characterization of the velocity field were used to set-up a modified model for the prediction of kLa-values in μ-channels of rectangular cross-section. Describing the interaction of channel design hydrodynamics and mass transfer our work thus provides an important contribution towards the control of the operation of fast, highly exothermic and mass transfer limited gas-liquid reactions in microchannels. In addition it enabled us to identify gaps of knowledge, whose investigation should be items of further research.