International development has become an increasingly fragmented and complex undertaking, with private wealth assuming an increasingly important role. At the forefront of this group sits the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has put significant resources behind Public-Private Partnerships such as the Global Alliance for Vaccinations and Immunizations (GAVI). Utilizing Foucault’s concept of governmentality, this thesis argues that foundations are key catalysts in the formation of such globally oriented partnerships, a trend not indicative of a shift in power from multilateral organizations to non-state actors, but representative of changing rationalities and practices of the government of populations at a global scale. This position is contextualized through a case study of the GAVI Alliance, which demonstrates that in the process of governing specific populations, such conglomerations of public and private actors seek to modify the governmental practices of states, in what Dean (1999) refers to as the “government of government”.

The great success of the advertising industry in the 1950s created a diamond culture where diamonds are continuously associated with images of love and devotion. With all of the diamond's positive associations, no one could have imagined that such a precious jewel could have negative connotations. Yet in the 1990s, the label "blood diamond" emerged and became widely correlated with torture, rape, child labor, and environmental destruction. My three- manuscript dissertation covers the following topics: how diamond jewelry has become ingrained in American consumer culture, how lab-made diamond substitutes create new politics, and how diamonds created from ashes complicate consumers' relationship with diamond jewelry. These three manuscripts cover a series of interconnected ideas about symbolism and imagery of the diamond. In the first manuscript I present a history of how advertisements have influenced American consumer culture. The second manuscript elaborates on the themes established in the first manuscript by examining the political nature of lab-made diamonds in relation to American consumer culture. And finally, in the third manuscript the images presented in the first manuscript become even more complicated when the end product is literally made from ashes. Lab-made diamonds challenge traditional images of natural stones in a way that forces consumers to confront, and perhaps revise, the way they think about diamonds. / Ph. D.

Zakat (almsgiving), sedekah (donation, giving) and waqf (religious endowment) are forms of philanthropy Muslims in Indonesia, as well as in other parts of the world practice. This thesis examines the historical development of Islamic philanthropy and questions how Islamic philanthropic activities have affected the relationship between faith and the state. It discusses a contestation between the state and Muslim civil society in managing Islamic philanthropy. / The thesis shows that the history of Islamic philanthropy in Indonesia is one of rivalry between faith and the state: between efforts to involve the state in managing philanthropic activities and efforts to keep them under the control of Muslim civil society which uses Islamic philanthropy to empower itself and to promote social change. Activities and efforts to modernise Islamic philanthropic practices have mostly been supported by Reformist Muslims in their aim to Islamise society and by Islamists who aim to Islamise the state. The interrelation between Muslim civil society and the state in the history of Islamic philanthropy in Indonesia is dynamic. It demonstrates a contested balance between private faith and the public realm, or between Muslim civil society and the state. From the time of the Islamic monarchs, through the period of Dutch colonialism and up to contemporary Indonesia, there have been different levels of development and interest in Islamic philanthropy, either from the rulers or from Muslim civil society. / Philanthropy is an indication of the strength of civil society. Throughout Islamic Indonesian history, there has been a balance between the efforts to either keep philanthropy under the control of Muslims or to institutionalise it under state control. When the state was weak, philanthropy developed powerfully and was used to challenge the state. When the state was strong and powerful, Muslim civil society tended to weaken but still found ways to use philanthropic practices in the public sphere to promote social change. In modern-day Indonesia this phenomenon is very much still the practice. / While state imposition of philanthropic practices, in particular zakat, has been contested, philanthropy remains a firm basis of civility. The thesis argues that although political circumstances influence the development of Islamic philanthropy, the state‘s capacity to control it is sharply limited because Muslim philanthropic practice is generated by the altruistic and reciprocal nature of people. For the most part, Islamic philanthropy remains in the hands of Muslim civil society, irrespective of the political nature of the state.

The goal of this paper is to identify four types of voluntary failure by L. M. Salamone in Czech public-serving non-governmental organizations (NGO's) and to determine extend of their display by studying of the development of one particular organization and presence and dynamics of these failures. The paper is a case study of the NGO spolek Naděje which mostly works in the field of social services across the area of the Czech Republic. This organization is examined by predefined indicators which were chosen for all four types of voluntary failure. These are philanthropic insufficiency, philanthropic particularism, philanthropic paternalism and philanthropic amateurism. The paper consists of five parts. The theoretical part introduces the key concepts and theories for this paper, fundamental definitions of the civil sector, theory of the state and market failure, a role of the civil sector and brief characteristics of public-serving NGO's. Last but not least there are described four types of voluntary failure of Salamone. The next part presents the methodology of the study for which it was chosen strategy of the research, i.e. case study of one public-serving NGO, and research indicators. Finally, the empirical part includes the research which analyses the dynamics of the development of researched...

This study of the Philanthropic Society (later the Royal Philanthropic Society) sets out to explain how it survived during many shifts in thinking about the treatment of juvenile offenders in nineteenth-century Britain. The study also pays particular attention to relationships between the Society and the state, showing how the Society was gradually drawn into dependence on the state. The thesis begins with an overview of the Society's work prior to its decision to move from London to Redhill in 1849. Next it proceeds to a close study of the Society's work until the end of the century. The decision to concentrate on the Redhill Farm School reflects not only changing views about the reformation of young offenders, but also the financial imperatives which forced the Society along paths shaped by the state. Close attention is paid to the way Parliamentary inquiries and commissions, which in the mid-Victorian period tended to laud the Society as a model, later criticized it for lagging behind advanced thinking. Interwoven within this narratives are descriptions of the specific measures the Society took for training and caring for boys at Redhill. It explores the nature of unpaid labour, training and discipline enforced at the farm school. It also examines the variety of subjects taught during the years a boy would spend working within a strict discipline, and the methods used to enforce such discipline. Another subject worthy of extended consideration is the Society's enthusiasm for emigration to British colonies following a boy's term of incarceration. The thesis closes with an examination of how and why the Society lost its reputation as a leader in the treatment of young offenders in the late-Victorian period, as government imposed new rules and regulations. The overall argument is that the Society born as the result of moral panics about children at risk became a long-term survivor as the result of partnerships with the state.

O tema desta dissertação trata de administração estratégica em organizações filantrópicas, mais especificamente em hospitais beneficentes, representados em sua maioria pelas Santas Casas de Misericórdia. Busca-se demonstrar como os hospitais beneficentes aplicam os elementos do modelo de administração estratégico elaborado por Ansoff. Apesar da existência de outros, o modelo de Ansoff foi escolhido por ter sido a origem deste tema em estudo. A metodologia adotada tem como primeira etapa uma pesquisa bibliométrica para levantar o estado da arte do conhecimento do tema pretendido, bem como determinar os principais autores para construção do referencial teórico. Na segunda etapa, o delineamento da pesquisa prossegue com um estudo de caso, de caráter descritivo. Neste estudo ocorre a aplicação de uma entrevista a dois representantes de um hospital beneficente do interior de São Paulo para a obtenção de dados primários e o levantamento de dados secundários a partir de documentos disponibilizados pelo próprio hospital. Dentre os resultados do estudo, cabe destacar que, se por um lado alguns elementos da administração estratégica se encontram aplicados convenientemente no hospital estudado, outros não se encontram esclarecidos o suficiente para os entrevistados. Outro ponto que se destaca é o fato dos entrevistados apresentarem perspectivas próprias de assuntos que deveriam ser encarados com ótica organizacional, de forma a garantir depoimentos alinhados, o que acabou não ocorrendo na opinião de um entrevistado pela comunicação deficiente dos assuntos estratégicos. / This study addresses the strategic management in philanthropic organizations, specifically in charity hospitals, represented, in Brazil, mostly by the Holy Houses of Mercy. It seeks demonstrate how charity hospitals apply the Ansoff\'s strategic management framework. Despite the existence of others, Ansoff\'s framework was chosen because it was the origin of this study theme. The methodologic procedure\'s first stage is a bibliometric research to get the state of the knowledge of the intended themes, as well as to determine the main authors of the theoretical construct. In a second step, the design research proceeds with a descriptive case study. This step applied an interview with two charity hospital employees to obtain primary data. Secondary data was collect from hospital\'s documents. Among the study\'s findings, while some elements from Ansoff\'s model are properly applied in the hospital, others are not enlightened enough to employees. Another point is the fact that employees submit their own perspectives of the study\'s issue unlike an organizational perspective. In a employee opinion, it is occur by poor strategic issue communication.

O que significa economia da esmola? A esmola é um meio ou um fim? A esmola é um meio de sobrevivência dentro da linha de miséria. Ocorre que, quando a esmola é apropriada institucionalmente e, portanto, estruturada por uma organização religiosa, ela se torna um fim para a entidade que a utiliza como instrumento de sustentação: surge a economia da esmola, com uma finalidade essencialmente econômica, tanto assim o é que não é possível imaginar-se qualquer uma das instituições que se utilizam desse meio (a esmola) abrindo mão do mesmo e continuarem a sobreviver (volta-se à esmola como meio). Se a esmola organizada dá origem à economia da esmola, que por sua vez gera riqueza material e acumulação de capital, temos a criação de um mercado (in)formal da esmola, mas que não é nomeado como tal. / What does economy of alms mean? Is alms a means to an end or an end in itself? Alms is a means for survival within the line of misery. What happens is that when alms is institutionally aprropriate and, therefore, structured by a religious organization, it becomes an end for the entity, who uses it as a sustaining instrument: the economy ofalms appears, with an aim wchic is essentially economic, so much co, that it is not possible to imagine any of the institutions that make use of this means (the alms) to stop using it and continue to survive (one goes back to using alms as a means to an end). If the organized alms gives origin to the economy of alms which, in its turn, generates abundance of material and accumulation of capital, them we have the creation of a formal alms market, but which is not nominated as such.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:13:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 13 / Nenhuma / Esta dissertação tem o propósito de verificar a aplicabilidade do modelo referencial avançado de controle estratégico de custos (CEC) (Diehl, 2004) no contexto hospitalar universitário filantrópico. O primeiro capítulo faz uma contextualização do tema e da problemática do controle estratégico de custos neste ambiente. O segundo capítulo apresenta o cenário dos serviços hospitalares no Brasil, focando os hospitais universitários e filantrópicos. O terceiro capítulo apresenta o referencial teórico sobre a Estratégia e o quarto capítulo sobre Controle e Custos. O quinto capítulo apresenta o Modelo CEC, discutindo suas especificidades para o ambiente em questão. O sexto capítulo apresenta a metodologia de Estudo de Caso, aplicada no Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS. O sétimo capítulo apresenta o estudo de caso, discutindo a aplicabilidade do modelo ao novo contexto. O estudo conclui que o hospital, em um momento de afirmação das estratégias de liderança em custos e configuração organizacional de defensor, tem reforçad / This dissertation intends to verify the applicability of the referent advanced model of Strategical Control of Costs (SCC) (Diehl, 2004) in the context of a philanthropic university hospital. The first chapter contextualizes the theme and the strategical control of the cost problems in this environment. The second chapter presents the hospital service scene in Brazil focusing upon philanthropic university hospitals. The third chapter shows the theory about strategy and the fourth one includes control and costs. The fifth chapter specifies the SCC Model according to the mentioned environment. The sixth chapter presents the Study of Case methodology applied to PUCRS St. Lucas Hospital. In the seventh chapter the Study of Case sets up the discussion of the model applicability in relation to the new context. At last, the study concludes that the hospital is in an affirmation moment of the leadership strategies in relation to the costs and oranizational configuration as a defender the hospital has reinforced the c

Ao longo dos últimos anos, observou-se o crescimento do terceiro setor no atendimento das necessidades humanas, em função da ineficiência das políticas governamentais. Em 2010, as entidades sem fins lucrativos representavam 10% do total das organizações existentes no Brasil. As entidades sem fins lucrativos precisam ter comportamento de empresa e responsabilidade de Estado, com a necessidade de serem autossustentáveis. Com isso, entram em ambiente competitivo na disputa por recursos financeiros de fontes públicas e privadas. Para que se tornam viáveis a médio e longo prazo, as entidades sem fins lucrativos necessitam de instrumentos de controladoria que permitam a avaliação do desempenho da instituição, permitindo a eficiência e eficácia dos recursos empregados. Em função do cenário acima, este estudo tem a finalidade de avaliar o estágio de maturidade conceitual dos instrumentos de controladoria utilizados na avaliação do desempenho institucional. Ao revisar a bibliografia sobre o assunto, identificou-se a existência de estudos com o apontamento dos principais instrumentos de controladoria utilizados pelas entidades sem fins lucrativos: planejamento e controle orçamentário, gestão de custos, Balanced Scorecard - BSC e contabilidade financeira. O presente estudo contribui com uma análise do modelo conceitual para avaliação dos instrumentos de controladoria adotados na avaliação de desempenho institucional das entidades sem fins lucrativos, especificamente, os hospitais filantrópicos situados no Estado de São Paulo, posto que se identificou uma lacuna na literatura sobre esse aspecto.Como contribuição adicional, esta pesquisa destacou a importância da maturidade conceitual dos instrumentos citados utilizados pelas entidades sem fins lucrativos, no intuito de atender aos preceitos e objetivos de cada um desses instrumentos. A metodologia aplicada nesta pesquisa foi um survey com 51 afirmações elaboradas com base nos principais aspectos conceituais, extraídas da literatura nacional e estrangeira. Das 228 entidades abordadas pelo estudo, 39 responderam de maneira apropriada ao instrumento de pesquisa. A análise dos resultados conduziu a indicação de um nível positivo de maturidade conceitual: 3,8 em uma escala de 1 (menor maturidade) e 5 (maior maturidade), com possibilidades de melhorias nos fatores avaliados: processos, pessoas, infraestrutura e cultura. / Over the past years, there was the growth of the third sector on meeting the human necessities, due to the inefficiency of government policies. In 2010, non-profit entities represented 10% of the total existing organizations in Brazil. The nonprofits must have company behavior and State responsibility, the need to be self-sustaining. So come in competitive environment in contention for financial resources from public and private sources. In order to make it viable in the medium and long term, nonprofits need controllership instruments that allow assessment of the institution\'s performance, allowing the efficiency and effectiveness of the resources employed. Due to the scenario above, this study aims to evaluate the conceptual stage of maturity of the controllership instruments used in the evaluation of institutional performance. In reviewing the literature on the subject, identified the existence of studies with the pointing of the main controllership instruments used by non-profit organizations: planning and budget control, cost management, Balanced Scorecard - BSC and financial accounting. This study provides an analysis of the conceptual model to evaluate the controllership instruments used for evaluating institutional performance of nonprofits, specifically, the philanthropic hospitals in the state of São Paulo, since identified a gap in the literature on this aspect. As an additional contribution, this study highlighted the importance of conceptual maturity of the aforementioned instruments used by nonprofits in order to comply with the provisions and objectives of each of these instruments. The methodology used in this research was a survey with 51 statements prepared based on the main conceptual aspects, drawn from national and international literature. Of the 228 entities covered by the study, 39 responded appropriately to the instrument. The results led the indication of a positive level of conceptual maturity: 3.8 on a scale of 1 (lowest maturity) and 5 (more mature), with the possibility of improvements in such factors: processes, people, infrastructure and culture.

O que significa economia da esmola? A esmola é um meio ou um fim? A esmola é um meio de sobrevivência dentro da linha de miséria. Ocorre que, quando a esmola é apropriada institucionalmente e, portanto, estruturada por uma organização religiosa, ela se torna um fim para a entidade que a utiliza como instrumento de sustentação: surge a economia da esmola, com uma finalidade essencialmente econômica, tanto assim o é que não é possível imaginar-se qualquer uma das instituições que se utilizam desse meio (a esmola) abrindo mão do mesmo e continuarem a sobreviver (volta-se à esmola como meio). Se a esmola organizada dá origem à economia da esmola, que por sua vez gera riqueza material e acumulação de capital, temos a criação de um mercado (in)formal da esmola, mas que não é nomeado como tal. / What does economy of alms mean? Is alms a means to an end or an end in itself? Alms is a means for survival within the line of misery. What happens is that when alms is institutionally aprropriate and, therefore, structured by a religious organization, it becomes an end for the entity, who uses it as a sustaining instrument: the economy ofalms appears, with an aim wchic is essentially economic, so much co, that it is not possible to imagine any of the institutions that make use of this means (the alms) to stop using it and continue to survive (one goes back to using alms as a means to an end). If the organized alms gives origin to the economy of alms which, in its turn, generates abundance of material and accumulation of capital, them we have the creation of a formal alms market, but which is not nominated as such.