This thesis examines the preparation of thin layers of material for photovoltaic applications with focused on perovskites and determining their optical properties. Basic information about the photovoltaic panels, especially about the perovskites, and the preparation of thin layers is supplied in the theoretical section. This section includes description of optical properties and the main method of study of optical properties, spectroscopic ellipsometry. Experimental section is focused on the preparation of thin layers of perovskites FAPbBr3 and its precursors by spin-coating. Optical properties are evaluated using profilometry, UV VIS spectrometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The conclusion summarizes the results of this experiment with focused on comparison of ellipsometric spectrums of perovskites and its precursors.

The output of our work is complete proposal of the building wiring, the photovoltaic power plant proposal and technical report. In the first part we find the theoretical information concerning the proposal of the house wiring, explanations of basic terms and principles of technical documentation. We can find also an overview of known intelligent systems and a brief description. In the second part we describe itself proposal of concrete building, step by step. We can find a description of a created program to control building. The third part is focused on theoretical information about photovoltaics. Here we explain the basic principle, the limits of technology, materials and the panel structure. In the fourth part we proceeded to the actual plant proposal. Here we find the principle and a block diagram of system and description of the components of the plant, evaluation of production and energy consumption. Drawings of the technical documentation wiring as a photovoltaic power plant, distributor scheme and its layout can be found in the technical report, in Attachment.

The aim of this thesis is to create project documentation for a low-energy kindergarten in Polerady. The building has one floor with a flat green roof. The layout of the kindergarten is divided into two units, which contain two classes with facilities. The thesis consists of three parts. Part A consists of documentation for the building permission. The kindergarten is designed for 30 children and is divided into two units. Part B consists of the design of building services. The building uses LED lighting, mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, two heat pumps are designed for heating, which are connected to floor heating and hot water tank, on the roof of the building there are 30 photovoltaic panels. The energy produced from the panels is consumed by all appliances in the building. Part C, after creating another building energy performance certificate, compares two types of heat source. The floor heating scheme is created by calculating the heat losses of the rooms, using the DekSoft program.

Energy production is associated with environmental impairment. Most anxious is the greenhouse gas emissions, which also arise from transportation. If battery electric vehicles should be able to alleviate the problem, they must be charged with environmentally friendly produced electricity. This paper investigates a possible relationship between battery electric vehicles and solar photovoltaic panels in household survey data from ENABLE.EU performed in ten European countries autumn 2017 – spring 2018. Estimated with a logit binary choice model, it is found that the probability that a household owns a battery electric vehicle increases if the household owns solar photovoltaic panels. Furthermore, this increase in probability is higher within countries with a higher market diffusion of battery electric vehicle and solar photovoltaic panels (France and the UK). This suggests that policy encouraging home charging of battery electric vehicles from solar photovoltaic panels that includes an energy storage facility could speed up the transition of the vehicle fleet.

Les rendements de conversion des cellules solaires atteignent en moyenne aujourd’hui 15%. Malgré ces rendements acceptables, il reste un verrou technologique important à lever : l’amélioration de la durée de vie des modules photovoltaïques. On observe en effet au cours de l’utilisation de ces composants dans des conditions climatiques intermittentes : pluie, neige, moisissures, poussières rayons UV, chocs, corrosion etc.... une perte rapide des propriétés optoélectroniques en fonction des conditions d’utilisation. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’essayer d’améliorer la durée de vie des panneaux solaires et d’améliorer la fiabilité des modules en diminuant le taux de dégradation.Notre approche commence par prendre en compte les effets de vieillissement et des défauts des modules photovoltaïques dont la dégradation est liée à la température, humidité, à la lumière Ultra violette, les fissures etc…. Les défauts de fonctionnement sont analysés et étudiés pour comprendre l’effet et l’importance de chaque paramètre dans les différents modes de dégradation afin de développer des modèles de simulation qui tiennent compte des conditions environnementales.Des algorithmes de commande ont été développés pour une utilisation qui évite au mieux les défauts et permet aux modules photovoltaïques de fonctionner dans des conditions optimales pour l’atténuation des dégradations. / Conversion efficiency of solar cells is now on average reaching 15%. Despite these acceptable yields, it remains important to raise a technological limitation: the improvement of the life span of photovoltaic modules. Effects are observed during the use of these components in intermittent weather: rain, snow, molds, dust UV rays, shock, corrosion etc... rapid losses of optoelectronic properties depending on the usage conditions. The objective of this thesis is in twofold: -to try to improve the lifespan of solar panels, and -to improve the reliability of the photovoltaic modules by decreasing their degradation rate. Our approach begins by taking into account the effects of aging of photovoltaic modules whose degradation is related to temperature, moisture, Ultra violet light, cracks etc... Faults are analyzed and studied to understand the impact and the importance of each parameter in the different modes of degradation to develop simulation models that take into account external environmental conditions. Control algorithms have been developed for a best utilization avoiding defects and allowing photovoltaic modules to operate in optimal conditions for mitigation of degradation processes.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar um novo conceito para a concepÃÃo de conversores para aplicaÃÃes em energias renovÃveis e carregamento de baterias com um nÃmero reduzido de estÃgios de processamento. SÃo desenvolvidas trÃs topologias diferentes de conversores de alto ganho de tensÃo com um Ãnico estÃgio de processamento e capaz de operar tanto com um banco de baterias como com painÃis fotovoltaicos. A operaÃÃo destes conversores permite que as fontes de entradas (painÃis ou baterias) operem de forma natural, independentemente ou complementarmente, compondo um barramento CC e apresentando a comutaÃÃo suave dos interruptores. Por fim, foram desenvolvidos trÃs protÃtipos para uma potÃncia de 500 W que validam o princÃpio de funcionamento dos sistemas propostos apresentando alto rendimento, alto ganho de tensÃo e boa regulaÃÃo do barramento CC em todos os modos de operaÃÃo. / Taking into account the great technological development on renewable energy systems and their applications on power electronics, this work presents a new concept of converters applied to renewable systems and batteries charging with a reduced number of energy processing stages. This work approaches three different high voltage gain converters topologies with only one processing stage, and with bidirectional capability, with batteries, and with photovoltaic panels. The operation of these converters allow that the inputs (PVpanels or batteries), work independently or simultaneously, in order to compose a single DC bus. Also, proposed topologies present natural soft-switching operation. At last, the three prototypes were developed to work with a nominal power of 500W, validating the operation principle of the proposed system, featuring high efficiency, high voltage gain, and good voltage regulation on the DC bus.

The aim of this master's thesis is suggest and construct regulator for charge NiMH storage battery from photovoltaic (PV) panel. Function regulator is tracking maximum power point from PV panel (MPPT), control charge and evaluation full charge of battery.

The diploma thesis contains by renovation of the family House on the “nearly zero-energy consumption building”, the proposal is for a variety of energy measures to achieve this status.

The European Union has adopted a range of policies aiming at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from road transport, including setting binding targets for tailpipe CO2 emissions for new light-duty fleets. The legislative framework for implementing such targets allows taking into account the CO2 savings from innovative technologies that cannot be adequately quantified by the standard test cycle CO2 measurement. This paper presents a methodology to define the average productivity of vehicle-mounted photovoltaic roofs and to quantify the resulting CO2 benefits for conventional combustion engine-powered passenger cars in the European Union. The method relies on the analysis of a large dataset of vehicles activity data, i.e. urban driving patterns acquired with GPS systems, combined with an assessment of the shading effect from physical obstacles and indoor parking. The results show that on average the vehicle photovoltaic roof receives 58% of the available solar radiation in real-world conditions, making it possible to reduce CO2 emissions from passenger cars in a range from 1% to 3%, assuming a storage capacity of 20% of the 12 V battery dedicated to solar energy. This methodology can be applied to other vehicles types, such as light and heavy-duty, as well as to different powertrain configurations, such as hybrid and full electric.

The aim of the master's thesis is to design an environmentally advanced gym building. In the first part, the building structure is designed. It is a two-storey building. On the first floor there is a reception, a gym, sanitary facilities for athletes, communication areas, facilities for employees, storage areas and technical facilities. On the second floor there is a cafeteria, gym, sanitary facilities for athletes, tribune, communication areas, toilets, staff facilities and technical facilities. The structural system is a skeleton of monolithic reinforced concrete with infill masonry of aerated concrete. Ceiling structures and staircase are also designed as monolithic reinforced concrete. The building is roofed with trussed steel gable trus-ses, the roof cladding consists of PUR boards with surface trapezoidal sheeting. The perimeter walls are insulated with ETICS system. The second part deals with the building environment technology. Heating, air conditioning, cooling, water management, lighting and a photovoltaic power plant are designed. The third part is an energy study for the design of the heating source. Economic and ecological factors are taken into account. The decisive parameters for the selection of the most optimal solution are the total investment costs over the lifetime, the production of CO2 emissions and the consumption of primary nonrenewable energy. The project is developed using AutoCAD and DEKsoft software.