Women are more at risk of experiencing violence involving people at home or close acquaintances, than from virtual strangers and outsiders. Domestic violence affects as many as one in two women in South Africa. Most women may keep secret abusive relationships and this might reside in a deep-seated fear of further abuse or as be frowned upon by a community that endorses social taboos which prohibit speaking about or even implying the reality of incidents of domestic violence. This phenomenological study investigates the actual experiences of women staying in physically abusive relationships. In this study a qualitative approach, involving thorough research, are presentation has been adopted in order to discuss, in a meaningful manner, the suffering of women who have experienced physically abusive relationships. The participants in the study include eight women who have been involved and suffered physically abusive relationship and these, living in Pretoria and suburbs, comprise an age category ranging from between twenty five to fifty. Data gathered and utilised has been accumulated by means of semi-structured open ended interviews. Hermeneutic phenomenological analysis was used to analyse and come to a conclusion regarding the data obtainable. The findings of the study have highlighted the role played by power and control, gender inequality and patriarchy experienced by women involved in these intimate relationships. The study further revealed the complexities surrounding the reasons and motives contributing to women staying in and suffering physically abusive relationships / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology: Research consultation)

An existing body of research indicates that peer-on-peer abuse, involving the physical, sexual and/or emotional abuse of young people by their peers, is an issue of serious concern within the UK. Whilst a range of studies have explored the individual and familial vulnerabilities associated with this phenomenon, there is an increasing recognition of the need to also consider the relationship between young people‟s peer groups, and other pertinent social fields, to their experiences of such abuse. This thesis offers an original contribution to the field by explicitly seeking to develop this contextual approach. It applies an age-specific and gendered interpretation of Bourdieu‟s constructivist structuralism (and specifically the concepts of field, habitus and symbolic violence) to the analysis of nine cases where young people raped or murdered their peers. In doing so, it offers a unique, in-depth, exploration of the interaction between individuals and the social fields that they navigate, in the context of nine abusive incidents. This methodological approach demonstrates how harmful norms underpinning these incidents are informed by a multi-way interplay between various social fields and young people‟s reflexive engagement with this process. It is through this interplay that motives and power hierarchies are established, and gender, age, consent, culpability, vulnerability and ultimately safety, are socially constructed and experienced.

Women are more at risk of experiencing violence involving people at home or close acquaintances, than from virtual strangers and outsiders. Domestic violence affects as many as one in two women in South Africa. Most women may keep secret abusive relationships and this might reside in a deep-seated fear of further abuse or as be frowned upon by a community that endorses social taboos which prohibit speaking about or even implying the reality of incidents of domestic violence. This phenomenological study investigates the actual experiences of women staying in physically abusive relationships. In this study a qualitative approach, involving thorough research, are presentation has been adopted in order to discuss, in a meaningful manner, the suffering of women who have experienced physically abusive relationships. The participants in the study include eight women who have been involved and suffered physically abusive relationship and these, living in Pretoria and suburbs, comprise an age category ranging from between twenty five to fifty. Data gathered and utilised has been accumulated by means of semi-structured open ended interviews. Hermeneutic phenomenological analysis was used to analyse and come to a conclusion regarding the data obtainable. The findings of the study have highlighted the role played by power and control, gender inequality and patriarchy experienced by women involved in these intimate relationships. The study further revealed the complexities surrounding the reasons and motives contributing to women staying in and suffering physically abusive relationships / Psychology / M. A. (Psychology: Research consultation)

Introdução: A dor pélvica crônica é uma condição clínica de elevada prevalência, cuja compreensão da fisiopatologia envolvida, ainda é parcial. A IASP (International Association for Study of Pain) define DPC como: dor crônica ou persistente percebida em estruturas relacionadas à pelve (sistema digestório, urinário, genital, miofascial ou neurológico), frequentemente associada com consequências emocionais, sexuais, comportamentais e cognitivas negativas, assim como com sintomas sugestivos de disfunções daqueles sistemas. Incluem-se tanto dor cíclica, como dismenorreia, quanto acíclica. Do ponto de vista temporal, considera-se crônica, via de regra, quando a duração é igual ou superior a seis meses (http://www.iasp-pain.org/files/Content/ContentFolders/Publications2/ClassificationofChronicPain/Part_II-F.pdf; acessado em 13 de novembro de 2014). Está associada a diversas comorbidades e impacto conjugal, social e econômico desfavorável. Embora sugestivo, não temos dados objetivos de países em desenvolvimento sobre a associação de maus tratos sofridos na infância com dor pélvica crônica e sua relação com sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. Objetivos: Investigar a prevalência de maus tratos na infância em mulheres com dor pélvica crônica e sua correlação com os transtornos do humor. Casuísticas e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo do tipo transversal, no qual foram incluídas 77 mulheres com DPC atendidas consecutivamente em um ambulatório especializado de dor pélvica crônica. Optamos também por avaliar um grupo de 77 mulheres saudáveis atendidas no ambulatório de ginecologia geral. Utilizamos o Questionário Sobre Traumas na Infância (QUESI) para avaliar a prevalência de maus tratos gerais e específicos, enquanto que os escores de risco para ansiedade e depressão foram obtidos pela Escala de Medida de Ansiedade e Depressão Hospitalar (HAD) e a intensidade de dor foi avaliada a partir da Escala Analógica Visual (EVA). A análise estatística dos dados se deu pelo teste DAgostino para averiguar se as variáveis contínuas apresentavam distribuição normal. Optamos por avaliarmos a diferença entre os grupos através do teste de Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) e a análise de diferenças entre proporções utilizamos o teste Qui-Quadrado. Para atingir o objetivo foi proposto uma análise de correspondência múltipla Foi utilizado a plataforma multivariada para avaliar a correlação entre o QUESI e os escores de ansiedade e depressão com estimativa de robustez para não considerar eventuais outliers. Resultados: A prevalência de maus tratos na infância foram 77,9% e 64,9%, respectivamente para mulheres com e sem DPC (p = 0.05). Em relação a exposição a 3 e/ou 4 eventos múltiplos de maus tratos na infância, obtivemos as seguintes prevalências para as mulheres com e sem DPC, respectivamente: 23,4% e 15,6% (p= 0.05); 18,2% e 10,4% (p= 0.03). A prevalência de abuso sexual, abuso físico, abuso emocional, negligência física e negligência emocional, respectivamente para mulheres com DPC e saudáveis, foram: 29,9% e 20,8% (p= 0.19); 45,4% e 31,2% (p= 0.07); 48% e 35,1% (p= 0.10); 58,4% e 44,1% (p= 0.08) e 58,4% e 41,5% (p= 0.04). Somente o subtipo negligência emocional apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa. A prevalência de sintomas significativos de ansiedade e depressão nos grupos com dor e controle foram respectivamente: 55,8% (43/77) e 40,2% (31/77) (p= 0.05); 45,4% (35/77) e 23,4% (18/77) (p= <0.01). Quando correlacionamos os dados obtidos nos instrumentos QUESI e HAD no grupo de DPC e controle, observamos uma correlação positiva entre elas, porém não identificamos a mesma correlação nos subtipos abuso sexual (HAD-D) e negligência física (HAD-A) no grupo controle. A análise de correspondência múltipla mostra uma correspondência entre presença de dor pélvica crônica e raça (cor não branca) e escolaridade abaixo de 10 anos; e correspondência entre sintomas significativos de ansiedade e depressão com múltiplos maus tratos (mais que dois ou três) e, especificamente com negligência emocional, abuso emocional, abuso físico e abuso sexual. Conclusões: Mulheres com DPC apresentam índices de negligência emocional maiores que o grupo de mulheres saudáveis e maiores indices de risco de transtornos de humor específicos quando correlacionados ambos instrumentos. Pacientes com DPC apresetaram sintomas de depressão e ausência de atividade laboral remunerada que se associam de modo independente, sendo fatores de riscos que podem levar, à longo prazo, o desenvolvimento de DPC na população feminina. / Background: Chronic pelvic pain is a clinical condition of high prevalence, whose understanding of the pathophysiology involved, is still partial. IASP (International Association for the Study of Pain) define CPP as chronic or persistent pain perceived in the pelvis related structures (digestive system, urinary, genital, myofascial or neurological), often associated with emotional, sexual, behavioral and cognitive negative consequences, as well as with symptoms suggestive of dysfunction of those systems. Include both cyclic pain, such as dysmenorrhoea, the acyclic. The time point of view, it is considered chronic, as a rule, when the duration is less than six months (http://www.iasp-pain.org/files/Content/ContentFolders/Publications2/ClassificationofChronicPain/Part_II-F.pdf; accessed on November 13, 2014). Is associated with several comorbidities and marital impact, social and economic unfavorable. Although suggestive, we have no objective data from developing countries on the involvement of abuse suffered in childhood with chronic pelvic pain and its association with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of child maltreatment in women with chronic pelvic pain and its correlation with mood disorders. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, in which were included 77 women with CPP seen consecutively in an outpatient clinic for chronic pelvic pain. We chose also evaluate a group of 77 healthy women attended the general gynecology outpatient clinic. We use the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (QUESI) to assess the prevalence of poor general and specific treatment, while the risk scores for anxiety and depression were obtained by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale (HAD) and pain intensity was evaluated from the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Statistical analysis of data was by D\'Agostino test to see if continuous variables normally distributed. We chose to evaluate the difference between the groups using the Wilcoxon test (Mann-Whitney) test and the analysis of differences between proportions used the chi-square test. To achieve the goal has been proposed a multiple correspondence analysis. We used multivariate platform to evaluate the correlation between the QUESI and the scores of anxiety and depression with robustness estimated not to consider any outliers. Results: The prevalence of childhood maltreatment were 77.9% and 64.9% respectively for women with and without CPP (p = 0.05). Regarding exposure to 3 and / or 4 multiple events of childhood maltreatment, we obtained the following rates for women with and without CPP, respectively: 23.4% and 15.6% (p = 0.05); 18.2% and 10.4% (P = 0.03). The prevalence of sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect, respectively for women with CPP and healthy, were 29.9% and 20.8% (p = 0.19); 45.4% and 31.2% (p = 0.07); 48% and 35.1% (p = 0.10); 58.4% and 44.1% (p = 0.08) and 58.4% and 41.5% (P = 0.04). Only the emotional neglect subtype showed a statistically significant difference. The prevalence of significant symptoms of anxiety and depression in groups with pain control and were, respectively, 55.8% (43/77) and 40.2% (31/77) (p = 0:05); 45.4% (35/77) and 23.4% (18/77) (p = <0.01). When we correlate the data from the instruments QUESI and HAD in CPS and control groups, we observed a positive correlation between them, but did not identify the same correlation in subtypes sexual abuse (HAD-D) and physical neglect (HAD-A) in the control group. Multiple correspondence analysis shows a correlation between the presence of chronic pelvic pain and race (non-white) and schooling below 10 years; and correspondence between significant symptoms of anxiety and depression with multiple abuse (more than two or three) and specifically with emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse and sexual abuse. Conclusions: Women with CPP have higher emotional neglect rates that the group of healthy women and higher indices of risk specific mood disorders when correlated both instruments. Patients with CPP show symptoms of depression and lack of paid work activity that are associated independently, and risk factors that can lead in the long run, the CPP development in the female population.

Det finns ett klart samband mellan komplex traumatisering och psykisk och fysik ohälsa. Många människor har stora problem med det dagliga livet och relationer. Förutom det personliga lidandet är effekterna av komplex traumatisering av stor samhällsekonomisk betydelse. Syftet med studien är att undersöka psykoterapeutisk behandling av traumatiserade patienter inom icke specialiserade enheter. Frågeställningarna i studien är: Vad innebär effekterna av komplex traumatisering för individen? Vilka är terapeuters upplevelse av att arbeta med komplext traumatiserade individer? Får individer med diagnosen komplex PTSD den hjälp de behöver? Den metod som använts är en kvalitativ studie där sex legitimerade psykoterapeuter med psykodynamisk inriktning intervjuas. Resultatet av studien visade att effekterna av komplex traumatisering är omfattande och svåra att diagnostisera. Tillståndet har ofta utvecklats till kroniska besvär, t ex ångest och depression, somatiska besvär och personlighetsstörning. Det finns svårigheter och hinder för att traumatiserade patienter ska få adekvat hjälp och utifrån resultatet saknas det i dag både resurser och effektiva behandlingsmetoder. Kunskapen om trauma och dess effekter måste i ökad utsträckning uppmärksammas och prioriteras i tidigare skede inom vård- och behandling.

This participatory research journey looked at the lives of adult children of alcoholics, with particular reference to how identity is affected by growing up in a home where one or both parents are struggling with alcohol abuse, and how this struggle with identity carries through into adulthood. A study was made of the particular discourses which impacted negatively upon the child from this home and the manner in which the discourses had a negative impact later on as an adult. Through narrative pastoral conversations the possibilities for healing, as well as the barriers for healing were explored. Through this exploration alternative stories were created. A vital part of the study was focused upon the witnessing of the stories of the participants` lives and the acknowledgement of some of the events from their childhood that formed their identity and contributed to who they are today. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.Th. (Practical Theology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:44:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3327.pdf: 911481 bytes, checksum: c1f66ef62dbb8f60a08d24dc68ba23a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This study aimed at developing a cross-validation of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAP) to Brazil. The specific objectives were to verify the semantic equivalence of the measure, to investigate and to assess the content validity, and to investigate and assess the construct validity using Item Factor Analysis and reliability. To evaluate the general and referential meaning of the CAP Inventory s items, 6 researchers translated the CAP Inventory and assessed it using the Assessing Semantic Equivalence Form. An English teacher also conducted a back-translation, and, finally, 13 parents evaluated the comprehension of each item. In terms of the general meaning, 89.4% of the items were considered without the need of changes. The Portuguese version of the CAP Inventory showed 81.4% of agreement between judges about the referential meaning of items. In general, 19 items (12%) were altered. To evaluate the content validity, three expert researchers participated as judges. By using the Assessing Content Validity Form, it was verified that when there was only one concept in an item, the judges agreed above 80% in 9 (31.1%) items. When there were two concepts, the judges agreed above 80% in 4 items (10.8%), and when there were 3 concepts, the judges did not agree above 80% in none of the items. In terms of construct validity, 135 parents were selected using a random sample procedure, and they answered the final version of the CAP Inventory, and a demographic questionnaire. Data from other Brazilian studies with the same version of the CAP were used to expand the analysis. In terms of participants profile for the present data: mean parent age of 35.9 years, female, married, less of four years of education, 2.5 children (mean). Demographic data were similar to other Brazilian studies and the North-American sample, except for years of education which was higher for the North-American sample. To analyze data from the CAP Inventory, a cross-adaptation of the validity scales was needed to define the cutscore for Brazil. The mean score for potential child abuse in the Brazilian sample was 180.1(102. 5). This result was higher than the mean score in the North-American sample which was 91 (75). Using the Principal-Components Factor Analysis, a structure of 5 factors was chosen: distress, unhappiness, rigidity, problems with child and others, and discipline. The resulting structure showed similarities to the original factor analysis of the English CAP Inventory, except for the discipline factor. It was hypothesized that the Brazilian version of the CAP Inventory could present an alternative factor structure to the original North-American version. Other studies should be developed to verify this hypothesis. The Crombach alpha of internal consistency was 0.95. In general, data showed positive results of semantic equivalence and content validity, construct validity and reliability, what confirms the hypothesis of viability of cross-adaptation of the CAP Inventory to Brazil. However, other studies should be conducted to create a strong body of knowledge that it will allow analysis of tendencies and relationships between results. / O objetivo foi realizar a adaptacao transcultural do Inventario de Potencial de Abuso Infantil (CAP) para o Brasil. Os objetivos especificos foram realizar e avaliar a equivalencia semantica do instrumento, sua validade de conteudo e sua validade de constructo. Para avaliar o sentido geral e referencial de cada item, 6 pesquisadores realizaram a traducao do Inventario CAP e o avaliaram, por meio do Formulario para Avaliacao de Equivalencia Semantica. Adicionalmente, um professor de ingles realizou a retrotraducao, e 13 cuidadores avaliaram a compreensao dos itens. Em relacao ao significado geral, 89, 4% dos itens foram considerados inalterados. O Inventario CAP demonstrou um indice de 81,9% de concordancia entre os juizes sobre o significado referencial dos itens. No total, 19 itens (12%) do instrumento foram reformulados. Para verificacao da validade de conteudo, participaram tres pesquisadores especialistas que atuaram como juizes. Por meio do Formulario para Avaliacao da Validade de Conteudo verificou-se que, quando havia apenas um conceito expresso no item, houve concordancia acima de 80%, entre os juizes, em 9 itens (31,1%). Quando havia dois conceitos, houve concordancia acima de 80% em 4 itens (10,8%), e quando havia 3 conceitos, nao houve nenhum item com concordancia acima de 80%. Em relacao a validade de constructo, participaram 135 cuidadores que foram selecionados por amostragem aleatoria simples e responderam ao Inventario CAP e a um questionario sociodemografico. Bancos de Dados de outras pesquisas, realizadas no Brasil, foram utilizadas para ampliar a analise dos resultados. O perfil dos participantes do estudo foi: cuidador com idade media de 35, 9 anos, sexo feminino, casado(a), com escolaridade inferior a quatro anos de estudo, com media de 2, 5 filhos. Os dados sociodemograficos foram semelhantes aos encontrados nos outros bancos de dados do Brasil e na amostra comparativa norte-americana, excetuando-se, o nivel de escolaridade, que foi maior na amostra norte-americana. Para analisar os dados advindos das escalas do Inventario CAP, procedeu-se, primeiramente, a adaptacao das escalas de validade do instrumento que possibilitou a definicao das notas de corte para o Brasil. Em relacao ao escore de potencial para abuso fisico infantil, a media de escore da amostra brasileira foi de 180, 1 (102, 5), resultado superior ao encontrado na amostra norte-americana que foi de 91 (75). A partir da Analise Fatorial de Componentes Principais decidiu-se pela estrutura de 5 fatores, denominados como: sofrimento, infelicidade, rigidez, problemas com a crianca e com os outros e disciplina. A estrutura encontrada apresentou similaridades com a analise fatorial original do Inventario CAP, excetuando-se o fator disciplina. Hipotetiza-se que a versao brasileira do instrumento possa apresentar uma estrutura fatorial alternativa a versao original norte-americana, sendo necessario outros estudos a fim de verificar tal hipotese. Por meio do alfa de Crombach chegou-se ao coeficiente de 0, 95 de consistencia interna. Em geral, os dados apresentaram resultados positivos sobre a equivalencia semantica do instrumento, sua validade de conteudo, validade de constructo e fidedignidade, confirmando as hipoteses relacionadas a viabilidade de adaptacao do Inventario CAP para o Brasil. Entretanto, a fim de gerar um corpo de conhecimento que permita a analise de tendencias e relacoes entre os resultados aqui principalmente relacionadas a verificacao da validade de constructo.

Introdução: A dor pélvica crônica é uma condição clínica de elevada prevalência, cuja compreensão da fisiopatologia envolvida, ainda é parcial. A IASP (International Association for Study of Pain) define DPC como: dor crônica ou persistente percebida em estruturas relacionadas à pelve (sistema digestório, urinário, genital, miofascial ou neurológico), frequentemente associada com consequências emocionais, sexuais, comportamentais e cognitivas negativas, assim como com sintomas sugestivos de disfunções daqueles sistemas. Incluem-se tanto dor cíclica, como dismenorreia, quanto acíclica. Do ponto de vista temporal, considera-se crônica, via de regra, quando a duração é igual ou superior a seis meses (http://www.iasp-pain.org/files/Content/ContentFolders/Publications2/ClassificationofChronicPain/Part_II-F.pdf; acessado em 13 de novembro de 2014). Está associada a diversas comorbidades e impacto conjugal, social e econômico desfavorável. Embora sugestivo, não temos dados objetivos de países em desenvolvimento sobre a associação de maus tratos sofridos na infância com dor pélvica crônica e sua relação com sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. Objetivos: Investigar a prevalência de maus tratos na infância em mulheres com dor pélvica crônica e sua correlação com os transtornos do humor. Casuísticas e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo do tipo transversal, no qual foram incluídas 77 mulheres com DPC atendidas consecutivamente em um ambulatório especializado de dor pélvica crônica. Optamos também por avaliar um grupo de 77 mulheres saudáveis atendidas no ambulatório de ginecologia geral. Utilizamos o Questionário Sobre Traumas na Infância (QUESI) para avaliar a prevalência de maus tratos gerais e específicos, enquanto que os escores de risco para ansiedade e depressão foram obtidos pela Escala de Medida de Ansiedade e Depressão Hospitalar (HAD) e a intensidade de dor foi avaliada a partir da Escala Analógica Visual (EVA). A análise estatística dos dados se deu pelo teste DAgostino para averiguar se as variáveis contínuas apresentavam distribuição normal. Optamos por avaliarmos a diferença entre os grupos através do teste de Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) e a análise de diferenças entre proporções utilizamos o teste Qui-Quadrado. Para atingir o objetivo foi proposto uma análise de correspondência múltipla Foi utilizado a plataforma multivariada para avaliar a correlação entre o QUESI e os escores de ansiedade e depressão com estimativa de robustez para não considerar eventuais outliers. Resultados: A prevalência de maus tratos na infância foram 77,9% e 64,9%, respectivamente para mulheres com e sem DPC (p = 0.05). Em relação a exposição a 3 e/ou 4 eventos múltiplos de maus tratos na infância, obtivemos as seguintes prevalências para as mulheres com e sem DPC, respectivamente: 23,4% e 15,6% (p= 0.05); 18,2% e 10,4% (p= 0.03). A prevalência de abuso sexual, abuso físico, abuso emocional, negligência física e negligência emocional, respectivamente para mulheres com DPC e saudáveis, foram: 29,9% e 20,8% (p= 0.19); 45,4% e 31,2% (p= 0.07); 48% e 35,1% (p= 0.10); 58,4% e 44,1% (p= 0.08) e 58,4% e 41,5% (p= 0.04). Somente o subtipo negligência emocional apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa. A prevalência de sintomas significativos de ansiedade e depressão nos grupos com dor e controle foram respectivamente: 55,8% (43/77) e 40,2% (31/77) (p= 0.05); 45,4% (35/77) e 23,4% (18/77) (p= <0.01). Quando correlacionamos os dados obtidos nos instrumentos QUESI e HAD no grupo de DPC e controle, observamos uma correlação positiva entre elas, porém não identificamos a mesma correlação nos subtipos abuso sexual (HAD-D) e negligência física (HAD-A) no grupo controle. A análise de correspondência múltipla mostra uma correspondência entre presença de dor pélvica crônica e raça (cor não branca) e escolaridade abaixo de 10 anos; e correspondência entre sintomas significativos de ansiedade e depressão com múltiplos maus tratos (mais que dois ou três) e, especificamente com negligência emocional, abuso emocional, abuso físico e abuso sexual. Conclusões: Mulheres com DPC apresentam índices de negligência emocional maiores que o grupo de mulheres saudáveis e maiores indices de risco de transtornos de humor específicos quando correlacionados ambos instrumentos. Pacientes com DPC apresetaram sintomas de depressão e ausência de atividade laboral remunerada que se associam de modo independente, sendo fatores de riscos que podem levar, à longo prazo, o desenvolvimento de DPC na população feminina. / Background: Chronic pelvic pain is a clinical condition of high prevalence, whose understanding of the pathophysiology involved, is still partial. IASP (International Association for the Study of Pain) define CPP as chronic or persistent pain perceived in the pelvis related structures (digestive system, urinary, genital, myofascial or neurological), often associated with emotional, sexual, behavioral and cognitive negative consequences, as well as with symptoms suggestive of dysfunction of those systems. Include both cyclic pain, such as dysmenorrhoea, the acyclic. The time point of view, it is considered chronic, as a rule, when the duration is less than six months (http://www.iasp-pain.org/files/Content/ContentFolders/Publications2/ClassificationofChronicPain/Part_II-F.pdf; accessed on November 13, 2014). Is associated with several comorbidities and marital impact, social and economic unfavorable. Although suggestive, we have no objective data from developing countries on the involvement of abuse suffered in childhood with chronic pelvic pain and its association with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of child maltreatment in women with chronic pelvic pain and its correlation with mood disorders. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, in which were included 77 women with CPP seen consecutively in an outpatient clinic for chronic pelvic pain. We chose also evaluate a group of 77 healthy women attended the general gynecology outpatient clinic. We use the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (QUESI) to assess the prevalence of poor general and specific treatment, while the risk scores for anxiety and depression were obtained by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale (HAD) and pain intensity was evaluated from the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Statistical analysis of data was by D\'Agostino test to see if continuous variables normally distributed. We chose to evaluate the difference between the groups using the Wilcoxon test (Mann-Whitney) test and the analysis of differences between proportions used the chi-square test. To achieve the goal has been proposed a multiple correspondence analysis. We used multivariate platform to evaluate the correlation between the QUESI and the scores of anxiety and depression with robustness estimated not to consider any outliers. Results: The prevalence of childhood maltreatment were 77.9% and 64.9% respectively for women with and without CPP (p = 0.05). Regarding exposure to 3 and / or 4 multiple events of childhood maltreatment, we obtained the following rates for women with and without CPP, respectively: 23.4% and 15.6% (p = 0.05); 18.2% and 10.4% (P = 0.03). The prevalence of sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect, respectively for women with CPP and healthy, were 29.9% and 20.8% (p = 0.19); 45.4% and 31.2% (p = 0.07); 48% and 35.1% (p = 0.10); 58.4% and 44.1% (p = 0.08) and 58.4% and 41.5% (P = 0.04). Only the emotional neglect subtype showed a statistically significant difference. The prevalence of significant symptoms of anxiety and depression in groups with pain control and were, respectively, 55.8% (43/77) and 40.2% (31/77) (p = 0:05); 45.4% (35/77) and 23.4% (18/77) (p = <0.01). When we correlate the data from the instruments QUESI and HAD in CPS and control groups, we observed a positive correlation between them, but did not identify the same correlation in subtypes sexual abuse (HAD-D) and physical neglect (HAD-A) in the control group. Multiple correspondence analysis shows a correlation between the presence of chronic pelvic pain and race (non-white) and schooling below 10 years; and correspondence between significant symptoms of anxiety and depression with multiple abuse (more than two or three) and specifically with emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse and sexual abuse. Conclusions: Women with CPP have higher emotional neglect rates that the group of healthy women and higher indices of risk specific mood disorders when correlated both instruments. Patients with CPP show symptoms of depression and lack of paid work activity that are associated independently, and risk factors that can lead in the long run, the CPP development in the female population.

Religiosity is adopting a belief system surrounding concepts of purpose, meaning, and value through an institution that has already defined these concepts prior to the individual member attending and that member’s degree of participation. Religiosity does have protective factors against negative health outcomes. This protective influence was evaluated in this study. Data from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions were examined to learn about the relationship between protective effects of religious participation on substance abuse, and whether this association weakened for individuals who have experienced higher levels of childhood abuse. A binary logistic regression was completed to examine this relationship. Religiosity does decrease the likelihood of experiencing an opioid use disorder for lower levels of childhood maltreatment, but only slightly. In extreme cases of sexual, emotional, and physical abuse, religiosity does not decrease the likelihood of experiencing an opioid use disorder.

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