This thesis investigates different methods that can be used for analyzing network performance and,ultimately, can be used for measuring the convergence time of ring coupled networks. As of today,many networks are often run with extra links, serving as backup links in case any that of the mainlinks would go down. To operate networks with backup links in layer 2 and layer 3, specific re-routing protocols such as RIP and OSPF are used in order to calculate a feasible path through anetwork when a network state changes. Depending on different implementations of the protocolsand the hardware used, the convergence times can vary substantially, which means measuring thenetwork performance is a very important part when developing a network solution. To executenetwork tests, a packet engine suite is used consisting of a network traffic generator that is used forcreating a packet stream, as well as a traffic receiver that fetches the packets sent. Various types ofengines can be used including Linux based, real-time operating systems based and bare-metal basedsolutions. From these different types of engines, a few tools are chosen and investigated on differentproperties including performance and usability. It was found that Tshark (Linux, RT-Linux based),USPI (Raspberry Pi bare metal), FreeRTOS (Raspberry Pi based), Arduino and PKTgen (Linuxkernel based) were the most suitable approaches to be used for testing. The test parameters includetesting the gaps between packets, maximum jitter, average jitter and packets sent per second. Thesetests revealed that an IXIA solution was slightly more accurate when used as a receiving end sinceit produced less jitter, however this difference could only be noticed in a micro second range. Itwas also revealed that it produced slightly less jitter than the other packet generators, also here onlynoticeable in a microsecond range. Thus it can be concluded that IXIA is not much superior any ofthe close to hardware solutions. The executed network tests revealed that the Westermo developedlayer 2 protocol FRNT generated less network convergence time and less packet losses than thecommonly used RSTP protocol. Similar tests against the layer 3 protocols revealed that RIP wasmuch faster than OSPF and it also lost less packets. Finally it is concluded that there is no needto buy an expensive network testing suite to test the convergence time of a network. Instead, anetwork testing suite can be developed with minimal funding.

This work sought to enforce aromatic interactions between compatible π-molecular orbital systems with ionic bonding. In this case the interacting partners are oppositely charged discotic triangulene derivatives. The observed properties of the heterodimeric ion-pairs likely arise due to a hypothetical synergy between electrostatics and π-interactions. The work presented here describes investigation of putative covalency arising from this hypothetical synergy in the electrostatics driven π-stacking. In order to probe this, various hypotheses were made and experiments were designed to test their validity. The results from the experiments show existence of contact ion-pairs and complex solvent-separated discotic ions in solution. The formation of complex ion-pairs arise due to the fact that the electrostatic interaction that brings the discotic ions together is strong, but does not neutralize when the contact is made. So, the dipole created by the monopoles in a dimeric contact ion-pair can attract ions at both termini forming oligomers. This process apparently continues towards highly aggregated states and then to nanometric species and at some point the material precipitates. The propensity to aggregate and form complex-ions limited our approach to the measurement of the energetics of the ion-pairing for two reasons: (1) the observables had a complex dependence on temperature, solvent, concentration and ionic strength; and (2) the mass in solution was undergoing kinetic evolution towards solid states. The turbidimetric effects arising due to aggregate formation further complicated the extraction of weak interactions between the ions and hence effects determination of ion-pairing constants.

Conducting polymers that contain metals are remarkable materials, because they have the properties of both organic backbones and metals. Depending on the position of the metal relative to the conjugated backbone, i.e. attached to or directly in the backbone, these two can couple resulting in advancement of the functionality and therefore potential applications of these types of materials. Complexes of tridentate ligands with donor atoms such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur also have a wide variety of applications. In addition, complexes of tridentate ligands have advantages of stability and control of electron density by variation of donor atoms. Therefore, conjugated polymers with tridentate ligand units will have promise for various applications and advantages in their designs. Complexes of PNP ligand with molybdenum and carbonyl ancillary ligands were synthesized and characterized. Isomerization and conversion reactions between them were investigated as well as the coordination modes. Many types of PNP ligands have been studied in the literature because the hemilabile property of the nitrogen atom promotes some catalytic reactions and gives different coordination geometries. Conducting polymers can be used as redox-active ligands and they can be used to control electron density on the metal attached to them. Synthesis and characterization of a novel polymerizable ligand 3,5-bis-EDOT-N,N-bis[2-diphenylphosphinoethyl]aniline was achieved. Related molybdenum complexes with ancillary ligands as carbonyls were also synthesized and characterized. Monomer complexes and the free ligand were electropolymerized and studied. Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride and analogous complexes have been studied extensively in the literature due to their luminescent and photochemical properties, and excited state lifetimes. Conducting polymers with similar ruthenium groups have been investigated for various applications. Synthesis of four ruthenium complexes with the polymerizable ligand 2,6-Bis[4-[2-(3,4-diethylenedioxy)thiophene]pyrazol-1-yl]pyridine and four different bidentate ligands were reproduced; electropolymerizations of the complexes were achieved; electrochemical, UV-Vis and luminescence studies were performed and discussed. Various complexes of copper, silver, platinum, and palladium with nitrogen and phosphorus donors have been reported for their luminescence behavior as well as their interesting structures. Model complexes of these metals with N,N-bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]phenyl-amine (a PNP ligand) have been synthesized and characterized. Absorption and luminescence behaviors as well as the coordination modes were investigated. / text

L'expérience OPERA propose de mettre en évidence l'oscillation par apparition du dans un faisceau pur en . Ce faisceau est produit au CERN, puis dirigé sur le détecteur situé à 732 km plus loin. Le détecteur OPERA est composé de deux spectromètres à muons et d'une cible formée de murs de briques qui sont une alternance de feuilles de plomb et d'émulsions. Cette structure permet de reconstruire avec une haute résolution spatiale la topologie de désintégration en coude du tau. Le grand défi de l'expérience OPERA est de pouvoir mettre en évidence les interactions avec le moins d'incertitude possible à travers l'identification de tout événement de bruit de fond ne comportant pas un . C'est à ce niveau que mon travail apporte une contribution intéressante en offrant la possibilité de réduire d'avantage le bruit de fond. Ma contribution principale d'analyse concerne le développement de la sélection, de la reconstruction et l'identification des muons de basse énergie à l'aide des émulsions nucléaires. Ce travail repose sur la mise en corrélation de variables sensibles à la fois à la perte d'énergie et à la diffusion multiple. Auparavant, seule l'énergie perdue était utilisée dans les analyses de séparation . Mon étude a permis de doubler l'efficacité d'identification des muons de basse énergie ce qui va permettre d'accroître la puissance de rejet des événements de bruit de fond et de diminuer la contamination de 30%. J'ai également étudié le pouvoir des émulsions dans l'identification et la séparation des particules chargées à travers l'analyse d'un test réalisé par le groupe de Nagoya au Japon contenant des protons et des pions de différentes énergies. J'ai montré que le système de scan Européen donne des résultats comparables aux résultats obtenus par le système de scan Japonais.

Ingeniero Civil Químico / En los últimos años, la masificación de sistemas embebidos y de computadores de placa reducida (SBC) han permitido el diseño, desarrollo y automatización de hardware de bajo costo para aplicaciones multidisciplinarias tales como impresoras 3D, sistemas de alarmas y climatización. Sin embargo, a nivel de laboratorios y pequeñas industrias su uso se limita a la creación de sensores, es por ello que esta memoria explora el diseño de un sistema de control enfocado en estos segmentos. Este sistema de control está compuesto por un servidor de control que posee una base de datos, un servidor web que actúa como interfaz humano-máquina (HMI), y un elemento de control, conectados mediante una red inalámbrica. El elemento de control corresponde al dispositivo encargado de obtener desde los sensores, datos sobre las variables de entrada, manipular los actuadores a través de los puertos de salida y posee además, la capacidad de implementar una ley de control a través de un controlador en modo de supervisión o como controlador digital directo. Por otro lado, el servidor de control tiene la función de registrar las mediciones de los sensores del equipo conectados al sistema, además, también puede registrar modificaciones hechas al sistema desde el HMI. El sistema de control diseñado se implementó en el equipo HL630, equipo que posee un circuito de calefacción de agua que incluye un radiador con ventilador, calefactor, una bomba de potencia regulable y un sensor de flujo. Para esto, se utilizó como servidor de control el SBC Raspberry Pi B+, y como elemento de control el sistema embebido Arduino Yún. Para conectar el equipo al elemento de control, se utilizó circuitos y dispositivos electrónicos con el fin de enlazar los actuadores y sensores. Asimismo, se observó la presencia de interferencias electromagnéticas (EMI), problema que se solucionó utilizando una jaula de Faraday. Además, se implementó un controlador digital directo de tipo PID con PWM debido a que no es posible utilizar el elemento de control en modo de supervisión. Finalmente, para la sintonización del controlador, se utilizó un modelo empírico basado en la respuesta del sistema a un pulso de 15 seg., y con ello, mediante el ajuste de parámetros de simulaciones para un sistema con una función de transferencia de cierto orden, se determinó que la función de transferencia que mejor representa el sistema es de orden-(3,2). Así, se sintonizó el controlador utilizando algoritmos basados en la minimización de overshoot en función del tiempo de estabilización del sistema para problemas de regulación y servo-control, en base a una simulación del sistema con controlador PID continuo, para obtener parámetros utilizados como base de la ley de control implementada y mediante un análisis de sensibilidad se obtuvo un valor definitivo. Posteriormente, se probó de forma experimental que al aumentar 10 veces el valor destinado a eliminar el windup reset aumenta la amplitud de oscilaciones y el sistema converge a estado estacionario oscilando alrededor del valor del setpoint. De igual manera, también se experimentó aumentar al doble el periodo de la señal de referencia del PWM y se observó que el controlador no cambia la amplitud, ni el tiempo de estabilización, sin embargo, se genera una oscilación de alta frecuencia de amplitud constante. Así, fue posible diseñar una infraestructura de un sistema de control distribuido con las caracteristicas ya mencionadas, que se implementó en un equipo de laboratorio y de forma exitosa fue posible monitorear y controlar el equipo de forma remota a través del HMI. A su vez, este proyecto permitió ver la factibilidad técnica de implementar sistemas de control de bajo costo en algunos procesos de pequeñas escala, a modo de reemplazar la utilización de costosos sistemas industriales.

The Pi-cell is known to have the fastest response time amongst commercialised nematic LCD applications due to the bend configuration. The Bend configuration can be obtained when a high voltage is applied to a Pi-cell initially treated to have a splay configuration, but transition is complex because the splay and the bend states are topologically not identical. Although two possible mechanisms (anchoring breaking and order reconstruction) can explain the bend transition, it is still difficult to be certain of the mechanism in some cases. In this thesis, therefore, the bend transition mechanism in the Pi-cell is investigated. Whichever mechanism is present, the bend transition speed is expected to increase when a high voltage is applied to the cell. However, in some cases, the application of a higher voltage reduces the bend transition speed. These phenomena are discussed based on various experimental results, and the reasons are also discussed. Four different regimes are suggested depending on the bend transition speed change. From these results, it is possible to understand the best way to obtain the bend state quickly in a TFT-LCD in the Pi-cell mode. During the experiments, unexpected light leakage was observed in the extinction position. It was proved that the light leakage came from the residual twist angle caused by the manufacturing process. In addition, two new methods were suggested for measuring the residual twist angle from the light leakage. One of the methods, the analytic method, was extended to the TN-cell. Allowing for the residual twist angle in the Pi-cell, the reason for lower CR compared to other LCD modes is discussed, and methods are suggested in this thesis to improve the CR of Pi-cell devices.

Bioinorganic chemistry strives to understand the roles of metals in biological systems, whether in the form of naturally occurring or addition of non-essential metals to natural systems. Metal ions play vital roles in many cellular functions such as gene expression/regulation and DNA transcription and repair. The study of metal-protein-DNA/RNA interactions has been relatively unexplored. It is important to understand the role of metalloprotein interactions with DNA/RNA as this enhanced knowledge may lead to better understanding of diseases and therefore more effective treatments. A major milestone in the development of this field was the discovery of the cytotoxic properties of cisplatin in 1965 and its FDA approval in 1978. Since then, two other chemotherapeutic drugs containing platinum, carboplatin and oxaliplatin, have been used in the clinic. These three compounds are all bifunctional with the ligands surrounding platinum In the cis conformation and rearrangement of the ligands to the trans orientation results in a loss of cytotoxic properties due to rapid deactivation through binding to S-containing proteins. This enhanced reactivity yields new opportunities to study the reactions between proteins and DNA. One of the first crosslinking experiments used transplatin to crosslink NCp7 to viral RNA in order to understand how/where the protein bound to RNA. We have studied the interaction between cis and trans dinuclear platinum complexes and the C-terminal zinc finger (ZF). The trans complex reacts at a faster rate than the cis isomer and causes N- terminal specific cleavage of the ZF. The dinuclear structure plays a critical role in the peptide cleavage as studies with transplatin (the mononuclear derivative) does not result in cleavage. Monofunctional trans platinum-nucleobase complexes (MPNs) serve as a model for the binding of transplatin to DNA. This provides an interesting opportunity to study their reactions with S-containing proteins, such as HIV1 NCp7. MPNs have been shown to bind to the C-terminal ZF of HIV1 NCp7, resulting in zinc ejection. This occurs through a two-step process where the nucleobase π-stacks with Trp37 on the ZF, followed by covalent binding at the labile Cl site to Cys. MPNs have also shown antiviral activity in vitro. The labile Cl on MPNs reduces specificity of these compounds, as it leaves an available coordination site on the platinum center for binding to other S-proteins or DNA. Therefore, we have moved to an inert PtN4 coordination sphere, [Pt(dien)L]2+ (dien= diethylenetri- amine). Due to the strong bond between platinum and nitrogen, covalent reactions are highly unlikely to occur at rapid rates. The strength of the pi-stacking interaction between nucleobases (free and platinated) and the aromatic amino acid, tryptophan (Trp), showed an enhanced binding constant for platinated nucleobases. This was confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations as the difference in energy between the HOMO of Trp and the LUMO of the nucleobase was smaller for the platinum complex. The studies were extended to the Trp-containing C-terminal ZF of HIV1 NCp7 and an increase in association constant was seen compared to free Trp. Reaction of PtN4 nucleobases compounds with a short amino acid sequence con- taining either Ala (no pi-stacking capabilities) or Trp (pi-stacking interactions) revealed an enhanced rate of reactivity for the Trp-containing peptide. This result supports the theory of a two-step reaction mechanism where the platinum-nucleobase complex recognizes the pep- tide through a pi-stacking interaction with Trp followed by covalent binding to the platinum center. The [Pt(dien)L]2+ motif allows for systematic modification of the structural elements surrounding platinum in a search for the most effective compound. Methylation of the dien ligand should, in theory, increase lipophilicity of the compounds, however, due to 2+ charge of the compounds, this simple association does not hold true. Analysis of the cellular accumulation profiles showed little change in the uptake with the addition of methyl groups to the dien ligand, in agreement with the non-linear change in lipophilicity. Modification of L using different nucleobases allows for the tuning of the strength of the π-stacking interaction between Trp and the platinum complex. The addition of inosine (which lacks a H-bonding donor/acceptor at the C2 position) resulted in a lower association constant with both N-AcTrp and the C-terminal zinc finger of HIV1 NCp7. Interestingly, the addition of xanthosine resulted in an ehanced pi-stacking interaction with the C-terminal zinc finger of HIV1 NCp7; likely as a results of the addition of a H-bonding donor (double-bonded O) at the C2 position. The ability of PtN4 nucleobase complexes to inhibit formation of the NCp7 complexation with viral RNA was studied by mass spectrometry and gel electrophoresis. Dissociation of the NCp7-RNA complex was seen upon addition of PtN4 compounds. These compounds were also able to retard formation of the NCp7-RNA complex when pre-incubated with the protein. These results have important implications as inhibition of complex formation between NCp7 and viral RNA has negative implications for viral replication. Despite the success of platinum-nucleobase compounds, it is important to evaluate all potential pi-stacking ligands. A series of pyridine- and thiazole-based compounds were evaluated for the strength of the pi-stacking interaction with N-AcTrp and the C-terminal ZF of HIV1 NCp7. There was notable increase in association constant for the platinum- DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine) complex compared to other ligands studied. This result highlights the importance of exploring multiple avenues for the design of specifically targeted inhibitors and further confirms the viability of the medicinal chemistry dual approach of target recognition (non-covalent) followed by target fixation (covalent).

This thesis addresses the personality questionnaire Golden Profiler of Personality (GPOP). Its main objective is to verify a construct validity of GPOP. In the theoretical part, the required psychometric characteristics of psychodiagnostic tools are discussed. It also deals with the theoretical background of the GPOP - Jung's theory of psychological types and the Five Factor Model. The questionnaire GPOP is also compared with other psychodiagnostic tools with similar theoretical background and possibilities of its applications are discussed. The empirical part examines relationship between the scores of Golden Profiler of Personality and NEO inventory NEO-PI-R to determine the construct validity of GPOP. The research was conducted on the sample of university students. Results confirm the expected relationship and can be considered as the evidence of construct validity. The comparison with the norm sample showed that the sample of this research differs from the norm sample. Although the generalizability of results to the population is limited, this thesis offers the first validation study of Czech version of GPOP. Keywords: GPOP, psychodiagnostics, Jung typology, validity, NEO-PI-R

Program orgpad is used for sorting, sharing and "brightening" own ideas. Orgpad is the program, which was designed based on Herbart's psychology, respectively Herbart's knowledge of his own mind. This work is an introduction program pi-mind.js, which is the allocation of orgpad. The thesis discuss the status of the program pi-mind.js in the context of the current "brain mapping" and the program is put into the context of the educational process and its possible use in this field, in particular is examined through a questionnaire survey of its usefulness in writing thesis, respectively Ph.D. thesis at the Department of Applied Mathematics, Charles University.

Ce travail s'inscrit dans l'effort d'optimiser l'utilisation des ressources énergétiques en valorisant des rejets thermiques industriels à basse température tels que ceux trouvés dans les alumineries québécoises. Deux systèmes de valorisation de chaleur sont détaillés et analysés. Le premier système est constitué de deux échangeurs de chaleur, l'un situé à la source de chaleur et l'autre à la charge, et d'une boucle intermédiaire dans laquelle circule un fluide caloporteur chargé de transférer la chaleur d'un site à l'autre. Le deuxième système est constitué d'un cycle de Rankine organique (ORC), qui produit de l'électricité, et d'une pompe à chaleur (PAC), qui consomme de l'électricité et produit de la chaleur. La question fondamentale à laquelle ce travail essaie de répondre est: Quel est le meilleur système ? Quatre critères ont été utilisés pour répondre à cette question: 1) le rendement énergétique, 2) le rendement exergétique, 3) l'attrait économique et 4) l'impact sur l'environnement. Concernant le rendement énergétique, le système 1 est plus attrayant avec un rendement de 70% contre 21% pour le système 2. Concernant le rendement exergétique, le système 1 est également plus attrayant avec 30% contre 9% pour le système 2. Le système 1 semble légèrement plus intéressant que le système 2 pour l'attrait économique avec un coût d'investissement plus faible se traduisant pour un taux de rendement interne (TRI) sur 15 ans de 10.9% contre 7.5%. L'analyse économique est toutefois sensible aux hypothèses émises, qui peuvent varier grandement d'un site à l'autre. L'analyse du cycle de vie démontre de manière non équivoque que le système 1 est plus dommageable pour l'environnement, notamment en raison de la quantité de béton nécessaire à sa construction. Ce travail contient deux articles de conférence et un article de journal (soumis, mais non accepté à la date de dépôt de ce mémoire). L'analyse à l'aide de nombres sans dimension du système 1 permet d'identifier les variables non-dimensionnelles qui ont le plus d'influence sur les indices de performance de ce système. La méthode des moindres carrés est utilisée pour développer des corrélations entre chacun des indicateurs de performance et les variables non-dimensionnelles, et l'application de ces corrélations pour la conception d'un tel système est démontrée par un exemple qui utilise un algorithme génétique qui détermine les conditions maximisant l'efficacité exergétique.