Feasible span-to-depth ratios for many modern bridge systems have been identified and documented in literature. No such parameters have been adequately identified in terms of proportioning bridge piers. This thesis includes a study of 22 existing reinforced concrete highway bridges and their respective pier systems to determine the state-of-the-art in design. The effect of different geometric and material parameters such as concrete strength, reinforcement ratio and slenderness ratio on the structural behavior of individual piers and multiple pier systems was examined. Approximate methods, which may be used for the purposes of preliminary design are discussed and reviewed. Serviceability and ultimate limit states design aids that can be used to identify appropriate preliminary cross-sectional pier dimensions and reinforcement ratios for individual piers given various slenderness ratios were developed. The structural behavior as well as an approach to the preliminary design of multiple pier bridge systems is presented.

Feasible span-to-depth ratios for many modern bridge systems have been identified and documented in literature. No such parameters have been adequately identified in terms of proportioning bridge piers. This thesis includes a study of 22 existing reinforced concrete highway bridges and their respective pier systems to determine the state-of-the-art in design. The effect of different geometric and material parameters such as concrete strength, reinforcement ratio and slenderness ratio on the structural behavior of individual piers and multiple pier systems was examined. Approximate methods, which may be used for the purposes of preliminary design are discussed and reviewed. Serviceability and ultimate limit states design aids that can be used to identify appropriate preliminary cross-sectional pier dimensions and reinforcement ratios for individual piers given various slenderness ratios were developed. The structural behavior as well as an approach to the preliminary design of multiple pier bridge systems is presented.

In this study, settlement analysis of pile groups by hand calculation methods were investigated. Settlement ratio, equivalent pier, and equivalent raft methods were studied. Variations in some of the calculation methods were noted, and some suggestions were given. More than thirty piled raft foundation case histories whose foundation and soil properties known have been found. The settlement of piled foundation in each case was solved by these methods. Results obtained from the calculations following different methods were presented for each case in the form of tables and graphs. Measured and calculated values were compared by making use of graphs and tables. Effect of type of piles was shown. It was tried to find out that which method is suitable under different conditions. In conclusion, suggestions for methods and calculation procedures were given.

Despite the developments in the last decades, field performance information for short aggregate pier improved ground is needed for future design and to develop a better understanding of the performance of the short (floating) aggregate piers. A full-scale field study was performed to investigate the floating aggregate pier behavior in a soft clayey soil. Site investigations included five boreholes and sampling, four CPT soundings, and SPT and laboratory testing. The soil profile consisted of 8m thick compressible clay overlying weathered rock. Four large plate load test stations were prepared. A rigid steel footing having plan dimensions of 3.0m by 3.5m were used for loading. Four 65cm diameter reaction piles and steel cross beams were used to load the soil in each station. First test comprised of loading the untreated soil up to 250 kPa with increments, and monitoring the surface settlements. Moreover, distribution of settlements with depth is recorded by means of deep settlement gages installed prior to loading. Other three tests were conducted on clay soil improved by rammed aggregate piers. In each station, seven stone columns were installed, having a diameter of 65cm, area ratio of 0.25, placed in a triangular pattern with a center to center spacing of 1.25m. The length of the columns were 3m, 5m in the two station resembling floating columns, and 8m in the last station to simulate end bearing columns to observe the level of the improvement in the floating columns. Field instrumentations included surface and deep settlement gages, and load cell placed on a aggregate pier to determine distribution of the applied vertical stress between the column and the natural soil , thus to find magnitude of the stress concentration factor, n , in end bearing and floating aggregate piers. It has been found that, the presence of floating aggregate piers reduce settlements, revealing that major improvement in the settlements takes place at relatively short column lengths. It has been also found that the stress concentration factor is not constant, but varies depending on the magnitude of the applied stress. The magnitude of stress concentration factor varies over a range from 2.1 to 5.6 showing a decreasing trend with increasing vertical stress.

Local scour around bridge foundations has been recognized as one of the main causes of bridge failures. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationships among field, laboratory, and numerical data for the purpose of improving scour prediction methods for complex bridge piers. In this study, three field sites in Georgia were selected for continuous monitoring and associated laboratory models were fabricated with physical scale ratios that modeled the full river and bridge cross sections to consider the effect of river bathymetry and bridge geometry. Three different sizes of sediment and several geometric scales of the bridge pier models were used in this study to investigate the scaling effect of relative sediment size, which is defined as the ratio of the pier width to the median sediment size. The velocity field for each bridge model was measured by the acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) to explain the complicated hydrodynamics of the flow field around bridge piers as guided by the results from a numerical model. In each physical model with river bathymetry, the comparison between the results of laboratory experiments and the measurements of prototype bridge pier scour showed good agreement for the maximum pier scour depth at the nose of the pier as well as for the velocity distribution upstream of each bridge pier bent. Accepted scour prediction formulae were evaluated by comparison with extensive laboratory and field data. The effect of relative sediment size on the local pier scour depth was examined and a modified relationship between the local pier scour depth and the relative sediment size was presented. A useful methodology for designing physical models was developed to reproduce and predict local scour depth around complex piers considering Froude number similarity, flow intensity, and relative sediment size.

Orientador: Maria Betânia Amoroso / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T01:28:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Corilow_PriscilaMalfattiVieira_D.pdf: 1336590 bytes, checksum: 7e46b6e821569982c57d67268a847864 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O centro desse trabalho é um percurso crítico através de algumas das obras de Pier Paolo Pasolini, em especial, as compreendidas entre a segunda metade da década de 1960 e a primeira metade da de 1970. Foram lidos atentamente: a sequência da flor de papel, quatro poemas que integram a coletânea Trasumanar e Organizzar, o roteiro não filmado Porno-Teo-Kolossal, os escritos intitulados Divina mimesis, alguns artigos da coluna mantida no periódico Tempo, intitulada Il caos, assim como vários dos ensaios de Scritti Corsari, o romance Petrolio e os filmes Medea e Salò o le 120 giorni di Sodoma. Dialogando com a percepção de Georges Didi-Huberman em Survivance des lucioles, de que há certa relação de continuidade entre a obra de Pier Paolo Pasolini e a de Giorgio Agamben, procuro também dar corpo ao meu entendimento de que há uma confluência entre o pensamento de ambos, através do cruzamento das leituras dos escritos de Pasolini com algumas das obras de Agamben, em especial La comunità che viene e Altissima povertà e Signatura rerum. As linhas principais que norteiam esse percurso ¿ que ocorre em diálogo com algumas das leituras de Georges Didi-Huberman sobre o cinema e os escritos de Pasolini ¿ são certa percepção não linear do tempo, presente tanto no pensamento de Pasolini quanto no de Agamben e certo "caráter apocalíptico" do pensamento de ambos, apontado por Didi-Huberman. Estabelece-se como importante elemento nessa pesquisa o diálogo entre Elsa Morante e Pasolini, ao redor de Il mondo salvato dai ragazzini, livro de poemas de Morante considerado pelo escritor como um "manifesto político". Esse diálogo nos oferece elementos singulares para essa iniciativa interpretativa / Abstract: This work is based on a critical effort of understanding, it was done through some Pier Paolo Pasolini`s peace of artistic work, especially that one comprehended between the second decade of 1960 and the first decade of the 70¿s. I have not had the pretense of doing an exhaustive analysis of none of them, however they were read carefully: La sequenza del fiore di carta, four poems, which composes a collectanea Trasumanar e Organizzar, the non-filmed script of Porno-Teo-Kolossal, the writings entitled Divina mimesis, some articles of Il Caos column, that was maintained in the periodical Tempo, some of Scritti Corsari, the romance Petrolio and also the movies Medea and Salò, 120 giorni di Sodoma. In dialog with the perception of continuity between Pier Paolo Pasolini¿s work and Giorgio Agamben¿s work, which was sustained by Georgs Didi Huberman in Survivance des lucioles, I look for supporting my comprehension, that there is a confluence between them both work. It was done by crossing my readings with the writings of Pasolini and Agamben, particularly in La comunità che viene, Altissima povertà and Signatura rerum. The line that guide me ¿ which occurs in dialogue with some headings of Didi Huberman about cinema and Pasolini's writings ¿ are the non linear perception of time, that characterizes Agamben's "apocalyptic character" and can be found in the thoughts of both, as Didi Huberman has pointed. An element that has established its importance for this research is the dialog between Elsa Morante and Pasolini, it was considered by him as the "political manifest" of the writer in Il mondo salvato dai ragazzini, that offered us singular elements for this interpretative initiative / Doutorado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Doutora em Teoria e História Literária

No description available.

Compacted fill and rammed aggregate piers (RAPs) were separately installed adjacent to a 9-ft by 9-ft by 2.5-ft driven pile foundation founded in soft clay. The compacted fill used to laterally reinforce an area of 11 ft by 5 ft by 6 ft deep adjacent to the pile cap was clean concrete sand. The thirty-inch diameter RAPs were installed in three staggered rows to a depth of 12.5 ft below the ground surface adjacent to the pile cap to test the increase in lateral resistance afforded by their installation. The foundation was laterally loaded and load, displacement, and strain readings were recorded. The results of this testing were compared with similar tests performed with virgin soil conditions. The total lateral capacity of the pile foundation increased by 5 percent or14 kips due to compacted fill placement against the face of the pile cap. The passive force acting only on the pile cap decreased from 54 kips in the virgin case to 30 kips after installation of the compacted fill, a decrease of about 45 percent. The total lateral capacity of the pile foundation that was retrofit with RAPs was increased by 18 percent or 52 kips as compared to an identical pile cap in virgin clay. The passive force acting on the pile cap at 1.5 inches of pile cap displacement was determined to be approximately 50 kips, showing a slight decrease in passive resistance as compared to the tests performed on virgin soil. Both reinforcement techniques reduced pile head rotation and the bending moments in the shallow portions of the piles.

The inland waterway system in the United States is fundamental to the transportation system as a whole and the success of the nation’s economy. Barge transportation in these waterways levitates congestion on the highway system and is beneficial when comparing barge transportation to other modes of freight transportation in measures of capacity, congestion, emissions, and safety. Unavoidably, the highway system intersects with the waterways, resulting in the risk of vessels collision into bridge structures. Particularly for barge impact, the literature is questioning the accuracy and oversimplification of the current design specifications. The impact problem was investigated in this research using three-dimensional finite-element analyses. To investigate the collision of a barge into a bridge pier, a range of material models are first investigated through simulating a drop-hammer impact onto a reinforced concrete beam. A detailed model of a jumbo hopper barge is then developed, with particular detail in the bow. The barge model is examined for its response to impact into rigid piers of different size and shape. RC piers, having different shape and boundary conditions, are impacted by the barge model and assessed using selected metrics. The final part of the research examines the response of an existing bridge pier subject to an impact by a chemical transporter barge that frequently travels in the waterway.

SUMMARY Now, 40 years after the death of Pier Paolo Pasolini, considered as one of the most important Italian intellectuals of the XX century. His work as Poet, writer, painter, essayist, acclaimed author and film director made him a divergent personality inside Italian culture. His work is the evidence of a period of change after the Second World War in Italy. His life gathers the passage from a fascist regime to neocapitalism, from colonialism to post-colonialism and from modernism to post-modernism. A series of cultural and historical changes that established the basis of the most contemporary European and Italian Identity as well as the exotic and oriental imagination and the non-western otherness. Pier Paolo Pasolini¿s testimony gives us the possibility to rethink Italian most recent history from a new perspective, allowing us to use a more dissenting and antagonist imagination. From a feminist and anticolonialist point of view, we will approach the body and daily objects present in political and cultural archives in which their somatology gives meaning to their own genealogy. In this research we will study the construction of both the Italian contemporary and the European contemporary society in relation to its otherness. Pier Paolo Pasolini¿s life and work will lead the critical and aesthetical analysis of the socio-cultural changes that made possible the creation of the concept of Nation as well as the contemporary concept of Europe as a supranational Nation. His poems, documentaries and essays will help us establishing 3 main categories: the official and mainstream history, the subjective self-narration and the representation of the otherness. The interconnection of the three levels will allow us to go through a deeper and more complex analysis of the configuration of the social Italian imagination. The focus of this PHd will be the research based on the different dynamics that appeared after the First World War, in which Italian identity was built, compared to the European Contemporary Identity. To do this, we will get deeper in the interconnection between National State and its structure, economic development and its influence in daily habits and the importance of sexuality in the definition of the subjective personality. We will get deeper in all of these aspects, in order to understand how imagination is articulated and structured to create Eurocentric western identity compared to the nonwestern identity. In this framework of political technologies, we ask ourselves, How important is culture, artistic creation and cultural production in the creation of the imagination and social identity? How much influence have all these factors in a specific context? Which is the responsibility of the artistic agents? During this research, through analyzing the work and poems of Pier Paolo Pasolini, we will answer all these questions, we will analyze the work of Pasoliny nowadays and we will propose different communal and post-exotic imaginations. / Hoy, a más de cuarenta años de su muerte, se considera a Pier Paolo Pasolini como uno de los intelectuales italianos más importantes del siglo XX. Poeta, escritor, pintor, ensayista, aclamado autor y director de cine, es una figura discordante de la cultura italiana y no sólo esto. Su trabajo es el testimonio del cambio de una época en la Italia de después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Su vida recoge el pasaje desde el régimen fascista al neocapitalismo, del colonialismo al poscolonialismo y de la modernidad a la postmodernidad. Una serie de cambios históricos y culturales que, en su transformación, sentaron las bases tanto de la identidad italiana y eurocéntrica más contemporánea como del imaginario orientalista y exótico de la otredad no occidental. El testimonio de Pier Paolo Pasolini va a darnos la posibilidad de repensar la historia italiana más reciente desde una nueva perspectiva, permitiéndonos el desplazarnos hacia un imaginario discordante y antagonista. Desde una perspectiva situada, anticolonialista y feminista nos propondremos, aproximarnos al cuerpo y a los objetos de nuestros entornos como lugares, como archivos culturales y políticos donde la somatología de los mismos dé importancia a la genealogía de sus proveniencias. En esta investigación nos proponemos hacer un estudio sobre la construcción de la identidad de la sociedad contemporánea - italiana y/o europea - en relación con la otredad. La vida y la obra del poeta Pier Paolo Pasolini nos guiará en el análisis crítico y estético de los cambios socio-culturales que han caracterizado tanto la construcción del Estado Nación como la organización supranacional europea contemporánea. Su producción poética, documentalista y ensayística nos servirá para enlazar tres relatos diferentes: la historia oficial dominante, la auto-narración subjetiva, personal e intima del poeta y la representación de la otredad. La interconexión de los tres relatos nos ayudará a realizar un análisis mas profundo y complejo de la configuración del imaginario social italiano. El objetivo de nuestra tesis será investigar las dinámicas, impulsadas después de la Primera Guerra Mundial, a través de las que se ha construido la identidad italiana, y compararlas con las de construcción de la identidad europea occidental más contemporánea. Para ello ahondaremos en las intersecciones entre el Estado nacional y su estructura, el desarrollo de la economía y su influencia en la determinación de los hábitos cotidianos y el peso de la sexualidad en la definición de la personalidad subjetiva. Profundizaremos en todos estos aspectos para entender cómo se articulan y estructuran los imaginarios que determinan la construcción de la identidad occidental eurocéntrica frente a los "otros" no occidentales. En este entramado de tecnologías políticas nos preguntaremos ¿qué peso tiene la cultura, la creación artística y la producción cultural dentro la construcción del imaginario identitario?¿que influencia tienen estos factores a la hora de determinar la identidad de un contexto especifico? y ¿cuál es la responsabilidad de los agentes artísticos? A lo largo de nuestra investigación, a través de un estudio de la obra y las prácticas poético-artísticas de Pier Paolo Pasolini, daremos respuestas a las anteriores preguntas, analizaremos el legado pasolineano en nuestro contemporáneo, para después proponer nuevos imaginarios diferentemente comunitarios y postexóticos. / Avui, a més de quaranta anys de la seua mort, es considera a Pier Paolo Pasolini com un dels intel·lectuals italians més importants del segle XX. Poeta, escriptor, pintor, assagista, aclamat autor i director de cinema, és una figura discordant de la cultura italiana i no solament açò. El seu treball és el testimoni del canvi d'una època a la Itàlia de després de la Segona Guerra Mundial. La seua vida recull el passatge des del règim feixista al neocapitalisme, del colonialisme al postcolonialisme i de la modernitat a la postmodernitat. Una sèrie de canvis històrics i culturals que, en la seua transformació, van assentar les bases tant de la identitat italiana i eurocèntrica més contemporània com ara de l'imaginari orientalista i exòtic de l'alteritat no occidental. El testimoni de Pier Paolo Pasolini va a donar-nos la possibilitat de repensar la història italiana més recent des d'una nova perspectiva, i ens permet desplaçar-nos cap a un imaginari discordant i antagonista. Des d'una perspectiva situada, anticolonialista i feminista, ens proposarem aproximar-nos al cos i als objectes dels nostres entorns com llocs, arxius culturals i polítics on la somatologia d'aquests done importància a la genealogia de les seues procedències. En aquesta recerca ens proposem fer un estudi sobre la construcció de la identitat de la societat contemporània - italiana i/o europea - en relació amb l'alteritat. La vida i l'obra del poeta Pier Paolo Pasolini ens guiarà en l'anàlisi crític i estètic dels canvis soci-culturals que han caracteritzat tant la construcció de l'Estat Nació com l'organització supranacional europea contemporània. La seua producció poètica, documentalista i assagística ens servirà per enllaçar tres relats diferents: la història oficial dominant, l'autonarració subjectiva, personal i íntima del poeta i la representació de l'alteritat. La interconnexió dels tres relats ens ajudarà a realitzar una anàlisi més profunda i complexa de la configuració de l'imaginari social italià. L'objectiu de la nostra tesi serà investigar les dinàmiques, impulsades després de la Primera Guerra Mundial, a través de les quals s'ha construït la identitat italiana, i comparar-les amb les de construcció de la identitat europea occidental més contemporània. Per a açò aprofundirem en les interseccions entre l'Estat nacional i la seua estructura, el desenvolupament de l'economia i la seua influència en la determinació dels hàbits quotidians i el pes de la sexualitat en la definició de la personalitat subjectiva. Aprofundirem en tots aquests aspectes per a entendre com s'articulen i estructuren els imaginaris que determinen la construcció de la identitat occidental eurocèntrica enfront dels "altres" no occidentals. En aquest entramat de tecnologies polítiques ens preguntarem quin pes té la cultura, la creació artística i la producció cultural dins la construcció de l'imaginari identitari, quina influencia tenen aquests factors a l'hora de determinar la identitat d'un context especific i quina és la responsabilitat dels agents artístics. A la llarga de la nostra recerca, a través d'un estudi de l'obra i les pràctiques poètic-artístiques de Pier Paolo Pasolini, donarem respostes a les anteriors preguntes, analitzarem el llegat pasolinià en el nostre contemporani, per a després proposar nous imaginaris diferentment comunitaris i postexòtics. / Favaretto, M. (2017). ESTADO, ECONOMÍA Y SEXUALIDAD EN LA OBRA DE PIER PAOLO PASOLINI. La creación artística: desde la singularidad pasolineana hacía la dimensión comunitaria [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/90490