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Yes / Bridge pier is a common feature in hydraulic structure. Its impact to the river usually occurs in group form rather than single pier, so this challenging piers-group influence towards river hydraulics and turbulence needs to be explored. In this paper, the measurements were conducted using an Acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV) to study velocities in three dimensions (longitudinal, transversal, and vertical). Based on the experimental data, we have observed reversed depth-averaged velocity vector after each pier in the group of three-pier. The analysis has been conducted on the contribution of each bursting event to Reynolds shear stress (RSS) generation, in order to identify the critical events and turbulence structures around the piers. In the upstream near-wake flow in the bed-wall layer, strong sweep and ejection events have been observed; while at downstream, sweeps were more dominant. The pattern of burst changed in the outer layer of flow, where ejections were more dominant. Furthermore, the contribution fractional ratio to RSS variation at hole size H = 0 indicates that sweeps and ejections were significantly generated at the near wake-flow in upstream.

Cette thèse prend son point de départ d'une théorie élaborée par Linda Hutcheon. Elle propose que la métafiction est souvent exploitée à travers quatre genres. L’un deux est l'érotisme. Ainsi, à partir de cette idée, cet ouvrage va examiner plus profondément les liens et les implications entre ce concept de la métafiction, qui sera revu et résumé, et l'érotisme. Les trois romans choisis, A Sport and a Pastime de James Salter, Teorema de Pier Paolo Pasolini et Trou de mémoire de Hubert Aquin, serviront de lieux d'analyse afin de révéler le rapport étroit qu'entretiennent la métafiction et l'érotisme. / This thesis takes as its point of departure a theory elaborated by Linda Hutcheon. She proposes that metafiction is often made use of across four genres. One of these is eroticism. Thus, starting from this point, this work will examine in greater detail the ties and the implications inherent in this concept of metafiction -- which will be reviewed and summarized -- and eroticism. The three selected novels, A Sport and a Pastime by James Salter, Teorema by Pier Paolo Pasolini and Trou de mémoire by Hubert Aquin, will serve as sites of analysis with a view to reveal the intimate connection that is fostered by metafiction and eroticism.

Cette thèse prend son point de départ d'une théorie élaborée par Linda Hutcheon. Elle propose que la métafiction est souvent exploitée à travers quatre genres. L’un deux est l'érotisme. Ainsi, à partir de cette idée, cet ouvrage va examiner plus profondément les liens et les implications entre ce concept de la métafiction, qui sera revu et résumé, et l'érotisme. Les trois romans choisis, A Sport and a Pastime de James Salter, Teorema de Pier Paolo Pasolini et Trou de mémoire de Hubert Aquin, serviront de lieux d'analyse afin de révéler le rapport étroit qu'entretiennent la métafiction et l'érotisme. / This thesis takes as its point of departure a theory elaborated by Linda Hutcheon. She proposes that metafiction is often made use of across four genres. One of these is eroticism. Thus, starting from this point, this work will examine in greater detail the ties and the implications inherent in this concept of metafiction -- which will be reviewed and summarized -- and eroticism. The three selected novels, A Sport and a Pastime by James Salter, Teorema by Pier Paolo Pasolini and Trou de mémoire by Hubert Aquin, will serve as sites of analysis with a view to reveal the intimate connection that is fostered by metafiction and eroticism.

Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) procedures are advanced and then applied to a quantitative risk assessment for bridge structures. This is achieved by combining IDA with site-dependent hazard-recurrence relations and damage outcomes. The IDA procedure is also developed as a way to select a critical earthquake motion record for a one-off destructive experiment. Three prototype bridge substructures are designed according to the loading and detailing requirements of New Zealand, Japan and Caltrans codes. From these designs 30 percent reduced scale specimens are constructed as part of an experimental investigation. The Pseudodynamic test is then to control on three specimens using the identified critical earthquake records. The results are presented in a probabilistic riskbased format. The differences in the seismic performance of the three different countries' design codes are examined. Each of these current seismic design codes strive for ductile behaviour of bridge substructures. Seismic response is expected to be resulting damage on structures, which may threaten post-earthquake serviceability. To overcome this major performance shortcoming, the seismic behaviour under bi-directional lateral loading is investigated for a bridge pier designed and constructed in accordance with Damage Avoidance principles. Due to the presence of steel armoured rocking interface at the base, it is demonstrated that damage can be avoided, but due to the lack of hysteresis it is necessary to add some supplemental damping. Experimental results of the armoured rocking pier under bi-directional loading are compared with a companion ductile design specimen.

Bridge substructures are generally constructed using cast-in-place concrete and designed to undergo inelastic deformation in earthquake events. Although this construction approach has proven to be economical and provides adequate seismic performance through the formation of ductile plastic hinges, there are downsides relating to construction speed and quality, and post-earthquake repairability. This thesis explores two categories of Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) connection types, which use precast concrete instead of cast-in-place concrete to offer advantages including increased construction speed and quality. High Damage (HD) ABC connection types emulate the seismic behaviour of cast-in-place construction through the formation of ductile plastic hinges. Controlled Damage (CD) ABC connection types use unbonded post-tensioned precast connections to offer additional advantages including reduced residual drifts, limited and controlled damage and simple repair options. Novel buckling-restrained, fused mild steel energy dissipators suitable for use in CD connections are also developed and tested. These designs utilise 'dry' fabrication to simplify the fabrication process and minimise cost. Half-scale experimental testing is carried out to demonstrate both the assembly processes and behaviour under reversed cyclic uniaxial and biaxial loading representing an earthquake event. Following benchmark testing, repair strategies are applied to the CD connection types and the columns are tested again, representing a subsequent earthquake event. Good results are obtained from all cases with relatively straightforward construction and repair processes. With further developments and testing, the connection types proposed can provide competitive alternatives to conventional bridge pier design with regard to seismic performance and life cycle costs, with the additional benefits associated with precast construction.

O Simulador Híbrido, unindo um modelo Numérico a um modelo analógico proporcionará resultados bastantes realísticos alcançados em avaliação de risco pertinente a desenvolvimentos de projetos de Engenharia onde as manobras de navios de todos os portes, com aumento de fluxos de embarcações futuras se torna cada vez mais necessária. A busca pela qualidade, a garantia e a sustentabilidade destes tipos de projetos, quase sempre de alto custo, faz deste Simulador a ferramenta mais importante neste desafio, pois poderá ser avaliado o somatório das vantagens e desvantagens que afetam ambas as ferramentas, chegando a um nível ideal de simulação, contendo critérios de amarração, com tipos de cabos dos navios adequados, sob quaisquer condições de maré e outras atipicidades dos terminais. Este trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar que o Simulador Híbrido levará à otimização da operação portuária, garantindo o alto nível da segurança por elas efetuado, diminuindo custos inerentes substanciais para a empresa contratante, através da demonstração de cases apresentados e embasamento teórico. / The Hybrid Simulator, joining a mathematical model to an analogical model will provide resulted sufficiently realistic reached in evaluation of pertinent risk the developments of projects of Engineering where the maneuvers of ships of all the transports, with increase of flows of future boats if become each more necessary time. The search for the quality, the guarantee and the support of these types of projects, almost always of high cost, makes of this Simulator the tool most important in this challenge, therefore the many of the advantages could be evaluated and disadvantages that affect both the tools, arriving in an ideal level of simulation, I contend knotting criteria, with types of handles of the adjusted ships, under any conditions of tide and other atipics of the terminals. This work has for objective to show that the Hybrid Simulator will lead to the otimization of the port operation, guaranteeing the high level of the security for effected them, diminishing substantial inherent costs for the contracting company, through the demonstration of you marry presented and theoretical basement.

O Simulador Híbrido, unindo um modelo Numérico a um modelo analógico proporcionará resultados bastantes realísticos alcançados em avaliação de risco pertinente a desenvolvimentos de projetos de Engenharia onde as manobras de navios de todos os portes, com aumento de fluxos de embarcações futuras se torna cada vez mais necessária. A busca pela qualidade, a garantia e a sustentabilidade destes tipos de projetos, quase sempre de alto custo, faz deste Simulador a ferramenta mais importante neste desafio, pois poderá ser avaliado o somatório das vantagens e desvantagens que afetam ambas as ferramentas, chegando a um nível ideal de simulação, contendo critérios de amarração, com tipos de cabos dos navios adequados, sob quaisquer condições de maré e outras atipicidades dos terminais. Este trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar que o Simulador Híbrido levará à otimização da operação portuária, garantindo o alto nível da segurança por elas efetuado, diminuindo custos inerentes substanciais para a empresa contratante, através da demonstração de cases apresentados e embasamento teórico. / The Hybrid Simulator, joining a mathematical model to an analogical model will provide resulted sufficiently realistic reached in evaluation of pertinent risk the developments of projects of Engineering where the maneuvers of ships of all the transports, with increase of flows of future boats if become each more necessary time. The search for the quality, the guarantee and the support of these types of projects, almost always of high cost, makes of this Simulator the tool most important in this challenge, therefore the many of the advantages could be evaluated and disadvantages that affect both the tools, arriving in an ideal level of simulation, I contend knotting criteria, with types of handles of the adjusted ships, under any conditions of tide and other atipics of the terminals. This work has for objective to show that the Hybrid Simulator will lead to the otimization of the port operation, guaranteeing the high level of the security for effected them, diminishing substantial inherent costs for the contracting company, through the demonstration of you marry presented and theoretical basement.

This study uses a 3D finite element program, calibrated with the results of a full scale instrumented load test on a limited size footing, to estimate the settlement improvement factor for footings resting on rammed aggregate pier groups. A simplified 3D finite element model (Composite Soil Model) was developed, which takes into account the increase of stiffness around the piers during the ramming process. Design charts for settlement improvement factors of square footings of different sizes (B = 2.4m to 4.8m) resting on aggregate pier groups of different area ratios (AR = 0.087 to 0.349), pier moduli (Ecolumn = 36MPa to 72MPa), and with various compressible clay layer strengths (cu = 20kPa to 60kPa) and thicknesses (L = 5m to 15m) were prepared using this calibrated 3D finite element model. It was found that, the settlement improvement factor increases as the area ratio, pier modulus and footing pressure increase. On the other hand, the settlement improvement factor is observed to decrease as the undrained shear strength and thickness of compressible clay and footing size increase. After using the model to study the behaviour of floating piers, it was concluded that, the advantage of using end bearing piers instead of floating piers for reducing settlements increases as the area ratio of piers increases, the elasticity modulus value of the piers increases, the thickness of the compressible clay layer decreases and the undrained shear strength of the compressible clay decreases.

There are many advantages of masonry construction like widespread geographic availability in many forms, colors and textures, comparative cheapness, fire resistance, thermal and sound insulation, durability, etc. For such reasons, it is still a commonly used type of residential construction in rural and even in urban regions. Unfortunately, its behavior especially under the effect of earthquake ground motions has not been identified clearly because of its complex material nature. Hence, the masonry buildings with structural deficiencies belong to the most vulnerable class of structures which have experienced heavy damage or even total collapse in previous earthquakes, especially in developing countries like Turkey. This necessitates new contemporary methods for designing safer masonry structures or assessing their performance. Considering all these facts, this study aims at the generation of a new performance-based technique for unreinforced brick masonry structures. First, simplified formulations are recommended to estimate idealized capacity curve parameters of masonry components (piers) by using the finite element analysis results of ANSYS and regression analysis through SPSS software. Local limit states for individual masonry piers are also obtained. Then, by combining the component behavior, lateral capacity curve of the masonry building is constructed together with the global limit states. The final step is to define seismic demand of the design earthquake from the building through TEC2007 method. By using this simple technique, a large population of masonry buildings can be examined in a relatively short period of time noting that the performance estimations are quite reliable since they are based on sophisticated finite element analysis results.