Zugl.: Tübingen, Univ., Diss., 2005

[pt] O presente estudo buscou aprofundar a análise sobre as transformações ocorridas no território do Cais do Valongo desde seu período escravocrata até os dias atuais. Desde então já se configurava como um dos mais importantes portos de desembarque de escravos da época e, consequentemente, desempenhava papel relevante para a economia carioca até seu aterramento para a construção do Cais da Imperatriz, ação esta que teve cunho de conferir novos usos aquela região ao mesmo que tempo buscou esconder vestígios da barbárie da escravidão. Contudo, a partir da cena contemporânea, o Cais do Valongo vivenciou intervenções urbanísticas por conta do processo de revitalização e reurbanização da Região Portuária. Consequentemente, tais intervenções promoveram sua ressignificação através dos grupos afros que, com suas práticas culturais, vêm buscando a valorização do território através do reconhecimento do legado cultural da Matriz Africana, a qual foi sendo construído através de processos históricos na região. Deste modo, intencionou-se buscar compreender as particularidades dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de resistência identitária, por considerarmos apresentar-se como um caminho de análise importante para o profissional de Serviço Social. Este profissional deve estar atento às ações por parte do capital no tecido urbano, assim como deve destacar a relevância dos movimentos sociais na luta por determinados espaços e as possíveis contribuições dos profissionais junto a esses movimentos de resistência a fim de possibilitar o acesso das minorias ao direito à cidade e de ampliar a discussão do papel do negro na sociedade brasileira. / [en] The present study intended to analyze the transformations that occurred in the territory of the Valongo since its slave period to the present day. Since then, it was already one of the most important ports of arrival of slaves and, consequently, it played an important role for Rio de Janeiro s economy until its grounding for the construction of píer of the Imperatriz, an action that had the purpose of conferring new uses on that region at the same time as it tried to hide traces of the barbarity of slavery. However, from the contemporary scene, píer of the Valongo experienced urban interventions due to the process of revitalization and redevelopment of the Port Region. Consequently, these interventions promoted their re-signification through afro groups that, with their cultural practices, have been seeking the valorization of the territory through the recognition of the cultural legacy of African origin, which was being built through historical processes in the region. In this way, it was intended understand the particularities of the subjects involved in the process of identity resistance, considering that it presents itself as an important path of analysis for the Social Worker. This professional should be aware of capital actions in the urban fabric, as well as highlight the relevance of social movements in the struggle for certain spaces and the possible contributions of professionals along these movements of resistance to allow minority access to the right to the city and to broaden the discussion of the role of black people in Brazilian society.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the footing fixity effect on the lateral deflection of a bridge pier for different types of soil. Generally, the rotational restraint coefficient at top and bottom of pier (degree of fixity of the pier) is used to compute the effective length factor of pier which is in turn used to determine the pier deflection. The magnitude of the deflection is used to determine whether the p-delta force effect should be considered while designing the pier. However, the pier deflection is usually computed by assuming that the pier footing is completely fixed to the ground. In case of soil under footing, rotational restraint coefficient is taken as five for all types of soils. In this study, finite element analysis method was used to determine the pier deflection by providing three actual soil environments and compare the results with the traditional approach. Hence, the rotational restraint coefficient will be modified according to the deflection computed from the finite element analysis.

A simulação analógica das manobras não tripuladas de navios em modelo físico tridimensional, nas operações de atracação, desatracação e acessibilidade aos Terminais Portuários, consiste numa importante ferramenta para avaliação da segurança aquaviária. Avaliam-se situações de risco, além de proporcionar ganhos de produtividade, como otimização dos procedimentos de manobras e abertura de novas janelas temporais operacionais. Com o uso de diferentes modelos de navios rádio-controlados, manobrados por Pilotos reais de Associação de Práticos do porto em estudo, equipados com sistema de rastreamento e possibilidade da utilização de até quatro rebocadores simultaneamente, viabiliza-se a realização de uma gama de manobras que demandariam, dependendo da escala temporal do modelo, uma ordem de grandeza a mais de tempo em um navio real, bem como inúmeros riscos à segurança da navegação. Neste trabalho foi apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, seguida da análise crítica de diferentes estudos de casos realizados, estudados no SIAMA (Simulador analógico de manobras não tripuladas) do LHEPUSP Laboratório de Hidráulica da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, enfatizando-se os ganhos operacionais obtidos (segurança e produtividade). / The analogical simulation of ships manoeuvres of berthing, departure and approach in tridimensional physical model for Port Terminals purposes, has been considered a valuable technical tool for port operational planning and safety improvings. Indeed, it is possible to evaluate the manoeuvring risks of new operational scenarios or windows, contributing for the vessel and berth security, Using different radio-controlled vessel models, with tracking system, manoeuvred with tug aid by Pilots of the Port local Association and evaluated by port masters, advisors stackholders; it is possible to perform much more manoeuvring tests, with no risk than real tests, with time tests about ten times lesser. A detailed bibliographical review about this subject was made, followed by a critical analysis of different case studies performed and studied by the SIAMA (Analogical Manoeuvring Simulator in portuguese) of the LHEPUSP Hydraulic Laboratory of São Paulo University Polytechnic School in portuguese, emphasizing the operational improvements get.

Corrosion of steel tendons is a major problem for post-tensioned concrete, especially because corrosion of the steel strands is often hard to detect inside grouted ducts. Non-metallic tendons can serve as an alternative material to steel for post-tensioning applications. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), given its higher strength and elastic modulus, as well as excellent durability and fatigue strength, is the most practical option for post-tensioning applications. The primary objective of this research project was to assess the feasibility of the use of innovative carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons and to develop guidelines for CFRP in post-tensioned bridge applications, including segmental bridges and pier caps. An experimental investigation and a numerical simulation were conducted to compare the performance of a scaled segmental bridge model, post-tensioned with two types of carbon fiber strands and steel strands. The model was tested at different prestress levels and at different loading configurations. While the study confirms feasibility of both types of carbon fiber strands for segmental bridge applications, and their similar serviceability behavior, strands with higher elastic modulus could improve structural performance and minimize displacements beyond service loads. As the second component of the project, a side-by-side comparison of two types of carbon fiber strands against steel strands was conducted in a scaled pier cap model. Two different strand arrangements were used for post-tensioning, with eight and six strands, respectively representing an over-design and a slight under-design relative to the factored demand. The model was tested under service and factored loads. The investigation confirmed the feasibility of using carbon fiber strands in unbonded post-tensioning of pier caps. Considering both serviceability and overload conditions, the general performance of the pier cap model was deemed acceptable using either type of carbon fiber strands and quite comparable to that of steel strands. In another component of this research, creep stress tests were conducted with carbon fiber composite cable (CFCC). The anchorages for all the specimens were prepared using a commercially available expansive grout. Specimens withstood 95% of the guaranteed capacity provided by the manufacturer for a period of five months, without any sign of rupture.

Bridge design and construction practice in former USSR, especially Russia, is not much known to the foreign engineers. Many advanced structural theories and construction practices have been established. In 1931, Franklin D. Roosevelt said, “There can be little doubt that in many ways the story of bridge building is the story of civilization. By it, we can readily measure a progress in each particular country.” The development of bridge engineering is based on previous experiences and historical aspects. Certainly, the Russian experience in bridge engineering has its own specifics. Bridge design proceeds in accordance with local standards and specifications. This study considers the basic rules and standards in bridge design in the North of Russia, the work includes the overview of Russian design concepts. The paper shows the design of typical concrete bridges including all calculations and analyses for future bridge stability and also drawings for visualisation. The results of the work are conclusions based on performing the required design calculations, drawings, preparing a final estimate and preparations for the construction. There are also some notes concerning the Russian design systems, computer programs for designing and computing and, finally, comparison of the Russians design standards and the Eurocode.

Yes / Pier scour has been extensively studied in laboratory experiments. However, scour depth relationships based on data at the laboratory scale often yield unacceptable results when extended to field conditions. In this study, non-uniform gravel bed laboratory and field datasets with gravel of median size ranging from 2.7 to 14.25 mm were considered to predict the maximum equilibrium scour depth at cylindrical piers. Specifically, a total of 217 datasets were collected: 132 from literature sources and 85 in this study using new experiments at the laboratory scale, which constitute a novel contribution provided by this paper. From the analysis of data, it was observed that Melville and Coleman's equation performs well in the case of laboratory datasets, while it tends to overestimate field measurements. Guo's and Kim et al.'s relationships showed good agreements only for laboratory datasets with finer non-uniform sediments: deviations in predicting the maximum scour depth with non-uniform gravel beds were found to be significantly greater than those for non-uniform sand and fine gravel beds. Consequently, new K-factors for the Melville and Coleman's equation were proposed in this study for non-uniform gravel-bed streams using a curve-fitting method. The results revealed good agreements between observations and predictions, where this might be an attractive advancement in overcoming scale effects. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the most sensitive K-factors.

Folkets hus med snickeri för allmänheten i ett litet kustsamhälle.  Projektet tar avstamp i en idé om att stimulera små samhällen runt Mälaren att växa fram från vattnet i stället för från landsvägen. Bilen ersätts av eldrivna båtar för pendling och frakt. Ett ökat fokus på landsbygder skapar möjligheter för lokala producenter att fortsätta sina verksamheter och erbjuda närodlade varor för de boende. Tanken om ett folkets hus med ett gemensamt snickeri handlar om att bygga själv efter egna förutsättningar och att ta vara på material. För vissa används platsen som en bas för ett renoveringsprojekt eller för att bygga sitt nya hem. För andra kan det vara en viktig social plats och fungera som en fritidsgård för närområdet.  Byggnaden står, delvis i vatten, på en grund av platsgjuten betong och har en solid tegelmur kompletterad med pelare och balkar i KL-trä. Byggnadens omformbarhet öppnar för framtida möjliga användningsområden för andra syften som till exempel idrottshall, skola eller kulturcenter. / Community center with public woodshop in a coastal village. The project is based on an idea to stimulate small communities around Lake Mälaren to grow from the seaside rather than from the road. The car is here being replaced by electric boats for commuting and shipping. An increased focus on rural areas creates opportunities for local producers to continue offer locally grown goods to the residents. The idea behind a community center with a public woodshop is to make use of material available and build things yourself according to your own prerequisites. The woodshop could be used as a base for renovation projects or to build elements of a new home. Equally important is the social function where the place can function as a leisure center for the local area. The building is situated partly in water. On a foundation of cast-in-place concrete stands a solid brick wall supplemented by columns and beams of cross-laminated timber. The open floor plan and the transformability of the building makes possible other future uses of the community center such as a sports hall, a school or a cultural center.

Yes / Pier scour has been extensively studied in laboratory experiments. However, scour depth relationships based on data at the laboratory scale often yield unacceptable results when extended to field conditions. In this study, non-uniform gravel bed laboratory and field datasets with gravel of median size ranging from 2.7 to 14.25 mm were considered to predict the maximum equilibrium scour depth at cylindrical piers. Specifically, a total of 217 datasets were collected: 132 from literature sources and 85 in this study using new experiments at the laboratory scale, which constitute a novel contribution provided by this paper. From the analysis of data, it was observed that Melville and Coleman’s equation performs well in the case of laboratory datasets, while it tends to overestimate field measurements. Guo’s and Kim et al.’s relationships showed good agreements only for laboratory datasets with finer non-uniform sediments: deviations in predicting the maximum scour depth with non-uniform gravel beds were found to be significantly greater than those for non-uniform sand and fine gravel beds. Consequently, new K-factors for the Melville and Coleman’s equation were proposed in this study for non-uniform gravel-bed streams using a curve-fitting method. The results revealed good agreements between observations and predictions, where this might be an attractive advancement in overcoming scale effects. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the most sensitive K-factors.

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