Data shows that elderly people are more likely to live alone than younger people, meanwhile the percentage of elderly people with disabilities increases significantly with age. These trends and facts bring a number of issues. One of these we would like to solve is that it is difficult and dangerous for them to lift the heavy loads through ladder. Sometimes it is also very dangerous for normal people, not to mention to people with reduced mobility. In order to solve these issues and reduce the possibility of accident, we have come up with a new ladder used for attics that can transport the heavy loads automatically. As transmission part we use a rack and pinion mechanism to achieve a   smooth transport and a ratchet mechanism for stopper to avoid sudden accident drops.  The ladder also can be hidden when not using it.

No description available.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Embora o potencial das sementes de pinhÃo manso como fonte de matÃria prima para a produÃÃo de biodiesel seja amplamente reconhecido, pouco se sabe sobre os padrÃes de deposiÃÃo de Ãleo e proteÃna durante o desenvolvimento da semente. A disponibilidade deste conhecimento serà de fundamental importÃncia para a criaÃÃo de novos genÃtipos que atendam a demanda das indÃstrias do biodiesel. Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma anÃlise proteÃmica inicial do endosperma em desenvolvimento e maduro, objetivando identificar proteÃnas envolvidas no metabolismo de Ãcidos graxos assim como proteÃnas com propriedades alergÃnicas/tÃxicas/antinutricionais que sÃo responsÃveis por tornar o resÃduo da extraÃÃo do Ãleo inadequado para o consumo animal. AtravÃs de eletroforese bidimensional (2DE) foram estabelecidos mapas de referÃncia das fraÃÃes protÃicas do endosperma de sementes em desenvolvimento (ESD) e maduras (ESM), que foram obtidas explorando as propriedades de solubilidade diferencial das proteÃnas do endosperma. Desses mapas de referÃncia, um total 1480 spots foram selecionados (712 âESDâ e 768 âESMâ), retirados dos gÃis 2DE e digeridos com tripsina para posterior anÃlise por espectrometria de massa. Foram utilizados para as buscas, os bancos de dados do NCBInr e um banco de dados local de ESTs de sementes em desenvolvimento e durante a germinaÃÃo de sementes de pinhÃo manso. Um total de 525 spots foram identificados e classificados funcionalmente. Embora a maioria das proteÃnas identificadas fosse relacionadas com funÃÃo de reserva, proteÃnas envolvidas em vias biossintÃticas dos Ãcidos graxos e dos diterpenos foram identificadas, assim como vÃrias proteÃnas relacionadas com metabolismo, inibidores de protease e a proteÃna tÃxica curcina. A taxa de identificaÃÃo relativamente baixa obtida neste estudo pode em parte ser atribuÃda ao fato de nÃo existir bancos de dados extensos para esta espÃcie. Os resultados aqui apresentados representam a primeira anÃlise em profundidade do padrÃo de deposiÃÃo e identificaÃÃo das proteÃnas de sementes de pinhÃo manso e fixam as bases sobre as quais o proteoma completo de sementes de pinhÃo manso poderà ser estabelecido. / Although the potential of the seed Jatropha as a source of raw material for the production of biodiesel is widely recognized, little is known about the deposition patterns of oil and protein during seed development. The availability of this knowledge will be crucial for the creation of new genotypes to meet the demand from the biodiesel industry. In this study, we performed an initial proteomic analysis of the endosperm in developing and mature in order to identify proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism as well as proteins with allergenic properties / toxic / antinutritional that are responsible for marking the residue of oil extraction unsuitable for consumption animal. Through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) were established reference maps of protein fractions from the endosperm of the seed development (ESD) and mature (ESM), which were obtained by exploring the properties of differential solubility of proteins in the endosperm. These reference maps, 1480 spots in total were selected (712 "ESD" and 768 "ESM"), removed from the 2DE gel and digested with trypsin for subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry. Were used for searching the databases NCBInr and a local database of ESTs from developing seeds and during germination of Jatropha. A total of 525 spots were identified and classified functionally. Although most of the proteins identified were related reservation function, proteins involved in biosynthetic pathways of fatty acids were identified and diterpenes, as well as various metabolic-related proteins, protease inhibitors and curcina toxic protein. The relatively low rate of identification obtained in this study may in part be attributed to the fact that there is extensive databases for this species. The results presented here represent the first in-depth analysis of the deposition pattern and identification of proteins from seeds of Jatropha and lay the foundations on which the complete proteome of seeds of Jatropha can be established.

This diploma thesis deals with the machining process of pinion gearing in the company Šmeral Brno a.s. The first part aims at the basic description of the thesis subject – the pinion. General gear machining technologies and its inspection is processed in the second part. The third part is focused on the description of the current machining process, its weaknesses and strengths. The main part consists of the machinery and tool choice, of the proposal of the gearing technological process for five-axis machining center and of the production time calculations. In conclusion, technological and economic impacts of the proposal are evaluated.

The Diploma’s thesis deals with a construction design of a service platform for a horizontal boring machine. Input parameters are cabin dimensions, length and velocity of lift and shift. In the first part of the thesis is design arrangement solved. The lift is solved by a rack and a pinion. By the lift is drive design and gear calculation performed. Shift of the service platform is done by toothed belt. Air distribution with pneumatic parts choice is included in this thesis. Next part is divided to supporting frame and cabin design. It is made by welded profiles, in which a stress-strength analysis is performed. The last part of the thesis is divided to linear guide design. A part of this thesis is a drawing of an assembly facility and a movie about this service platform in a real service.

Variation analysis, or tolerance analysis as it is sometimes called, is typically used to predict variation in critical dimensions in assemblies by calculating the stack-up of the contributing component variations. It is routinely used in manufacturing and assembly environments with great success. Design engineers are able to account for the small changes in dimensions that naturally occur in manufacturing processes, in equipment, and due to operators and still ensure that the assemblies will meet the design specifications and required assembly performance parameters. Furthermore, geometric variation not only affects critical fits and clearances in static assemblies, it can also cause variation in the motion of mechanisms, and their dynamic performance. The fact that variation and motion analysis are both dependent upon the geometry of the assembly makes this area of study much more challenging. This research began while investigating a particular application of dynamic assemblies - automobiles. Suspension and steering systems are prime examples dynamic assemblies. They are also critical systems, for which small changes in dimension can cause dramatic changes in the vehicle performance and capabilities. The goals of this research were to develop the tools necessary to apply the principles of static variation analysis to the kinematic motions of mechanisms. Through these tools, suspension and steering systems could be analyzed over a range of positions to determine how small changes in dimensions could affect the performance of those systems. There are two distinct applications for this research, steering systems and suspension systems. They are treated separately, as they have distinct requirements. Steering systems are mechanisms, for which position information is most critical to performance. In suspension systems, however, the higher order kinematic terms of velocity and acceleration often are more important than position parameters.

No description available.

Compression of elastomer elements are nonlinear due to the cross-linked molecular structure owing to a property known as hyperelasticity. Hyperelasticity is defined as the nonlinear stress-strain behavior shown by rubber like materials which can be strained up to a range of 700% in tension and up to 40% in compression. The stress-strain behavior is modeled by using different material models which predict the behavior very precisely.  Linear actuators from Cascade Drives AB uses a patented load sharing mechanism using elastically deformable elements to distribute the torque evenly between all the gears interacting with a common gear rack. An accurate model predicting the response of elastomer under compression has been developed in this thesis project. The elastomers were loaded in compression to provide flexibility for the system. First a static model was developed, where both a rectangular and a cylindrical roller model were analyzed.  The two models were derived using a continuum mechanics approach and the stiffness of the elastomers along with the torque output of the gearbox was calculated. A MATLAB model and an FEA model using ANSYS was created, and the results were compared. An error estimate between the MATLAB and FEA results for the rectangular and roller model was plotted for a certain β° of rotation of the gear. The models were also checked for different materials and the output torque for the different materials was plotted and analyzed. Finally, the experimental results were compared with the MATLAB results for the rectangular and roller models. The rectangle and roller model can be both used to predict the behaviour of using elastomers as the load sharing elements in applications. / Kompression av elastomerelement är olinjär till följd av den tvärbundna molekylära strukturen, en egenskap som kallas hyperelasticitet. Hyperelasticitet definieras som det icke-linjära spännings-töjningsbeteendet som uppvisas av gummiliknande material vilka kan töjas upp till av 700% och upp till komprimeras upp till 40%. Spänningsbelastningsbeteendet modelleras med hjälp av olika materialmodeller som förutsäger beteendet.  Cascade Drives linjäraktuatorer använder elastiskt komprimerbara element i sin lastfördelningsmekanism för att använda multipla plinjonger på ett kuggrack utan att få ett överbestämt system. Lastfördelningsmekanismen ger även en viss flexibilitet för systemet.  En modell som förutsäger responsen hos elastomerer under kompression har utvecklats i denna avhandling. Två geometriska former undersöktes modeller togs fram för både en rektangulär och cylindrisk rulle. De två modellerna härleddes med en kontinuummekanisk metod och elastomerernas styvhet beräknades. En MATLAB-modell och en FEM-modell i ANSYS skapades och resultaten jämfördes och en feluppskattning modellerna gjordes. Modellerna undersöktes också för olika material och utmattningsegenskaperna för de olika materialen analyserades.  Rektangel- eller rullmodellen kan båda användas för att förutsäga hur en elastomer skulle bete sig i en växellådsapplikation.

JUCÁ, Thiago Lustosa. Estudo proteômico de sementes em desenvolvimento e maduras de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.). 2010. 102 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-07-13T12:51:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_tljuca.pdf: 10957597 bytes, checksum: 3f8772ad2102c447a821263267f58114 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-14T22:57:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_tljuca.pdf: 10957597 bytes, checksum: 3f8772ad2102c447a821263267f58114 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-14T22:57:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_tljuca.pdf: 10957597 bytes, checksum: 3f8772ad2102c447a821263267f58114 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Although the potential of the seed Jatropha as a source of raw material for the production of biodiesel is widely recognized, little is known about the deposition patterns of oil and protein during seed development. The availability of this knowledge will be crucial for the creation of new genotypes to meet the demand from the biodiesel industry. In this study, we performed an initial proteomic analysis of the endosperm in developing and mature in order to identify proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism as well as proteins with allergenic properties / toxic / antinutritional that are responsible for marking the residue of oil extraction unsuitable for consumption animal. Through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) were established reference maps of protein fractions from the endosperm of the seed development (ESD) and mature (ESM), which were obtained by exploring the properties of differential solubility of proteins in the endosperm. These reference maps, 1480 spots in total were selected (712 "ESD" and 768 "ESM"), removed from the 2DE gel and digested with trypsin for subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry. Were used for searching the databases NCBInr and a local database of ESTs from developing seeds and during germination of Jatropha. A total of 525 spots were identified and classified functionally. Although most of the proteins identified were related reservation function, proteins involved in biosynthetic pathways of fatty acids were identified and diterpenes, as well as various metabolic-related proteins, protease inhibitors and curcina toxic protein. The relatively low rate of identification obtained in this study may in part be attributed to the fact that there is extensive databases for this species. The results presented here represent the first in-depth analysis of the deposition pattern and identification of proteins from seeds of Jatropha and lay the foundations on which the complete proteome of seeds of Jatropha can be established. / Embora o potencial das sementes de pinhão manso como fonte de matéria prima para a produção de biodiesel seja amplamente reconhecido, pouco se sabe sobre os padrões de deposição de óleo e proteína durante o desenvolvimento da semente. A disponibilidade deste conhecimento será de fundamental importância para a criação de novos genótipos que atendam a demanda das indústrias do biodiesel. Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma análise proteômica inicial do endosperma em desenvolvimento e maduro, objetivando identificar proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo de ácidos graxos assim como proteínas com propriedades alergênicas/tóxicas/antinutricionais que são responsáveis por tornar o resíduo da extração do óleo inadequado para o consumo animal. Através de eletroforese bidimensional (2DE) foram estabelecidos mapas de referência das frações protéicas do endosperma de sementes em desenvolvimento (ESD) e maduras (ESM), que foram obtidas explorando as propriedades de solubilidade diferencial das proteínas do endosperma. Desses mapas de referência, um total 1480 spots foram selecionados (712 “ESD” e 768 “ESM”), retirados dos géis 2DE e digeridos com tripsina para posterior análise por espectrometria de massa. Foram utilizados para as buscas, os bancos de dados do NCBInr e um banco de dados local de ESTs de sementes em desenvolvimento e durante a germinação de sementes de pinhão manso. Um total de 525 spots foram identificados e classificados funcionalmente. Embora a maioria das proteínas identificadas fosse relacionadas com função de reserva, proteínas envolvidas em vias biossintéticas dos ácidos graxos e dos diterpenos foram identificadas, assim como várias proteínas relacionadas com metabolismo, inibidores de protease e a proteína tóxica curcina. A taxa de identificação relativamente baixa obtida neste estudo pode em parte ser atribuída ao fato de não existir bancos de dados extensos para esta espécie. Os resultados aqui apresentados representam a primeira análise em profundidade do padrão de deposição e identificação das proteínas de sementes de pinhão manso e fixam as bases sobre as quais o proteoma completo de sementes de pinhão manso poderá ser estabelecido.

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2017-12-11T14:10:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF17MA071.pdf: 3339958 bytes, checksum: 6c6ef4234c617d50586b53b12015fa7d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-11T14:10:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF17MA071.pdf: 3339958 bytes, checksum: 6c6ef4234c617d50586b53b12015fa7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / The objective of the present work was to determine the technical parameters for the compaction and the quality of the pellets produced from different types of forest biomass and residual agricultural biomass. The choice of the types of biomass was based on the production volume of the main agricultural and forestry crops of the State of Santa Catarina, and the economic, social and environmental importsnce of the same for the segments that produce them. In this way, the physical, chemical and energetic properties of four types of agricultural and forest residual biomass (Pinus chip, apple pruning branches, pinyon faults and araucaria grimpa) were used to produce the pellets. Thirteen treatments in the study were analyzed, consisting of pellets produced with: 100% pinus (P100), considered as a control treatment; 75% pinus and 25% of one of the analyzed residues (F25P75, when the residue was pinion failure, G25P75, for the treatment containing grimpa, and Pm25P75, when the treatment had apple pruning); 50% of pine and 50% of other analyzed components, being F50P50 (for pinion failure), G50P50 (grimpa) and Pm50P50 (apple pruning); (F100P25), G75P25 (Grimpa) and Pm75P25 (apple pruning) and the homogeneous treatments with 100% of failure (F100); 100% grimpa (G100) and 100% apple pruning (Pm100). For each treatment was established for the ideal parameters of temperature, pressure and compaction of the pellets produced in laboratory pelletizer. These data were established based on the physical and chemical properties of biomasses in nature and also on the quality of the non-process obtained pellet by means of successive compaction tests. After production of the pellets a quality of this biofuel was determined by its physical, mechanical, chemical and energetic properties. From the results obtained in the laboratory, pellets were classified based on the quality criteria of ISO 17225-2 for biomass pellets for energy generation. It was concluded that the treatments F75P25, G75P25 G50P50 and G25P75 were the only ones that reached quality for residential and commercial use. The treatment with better quality for residential and commercial use was treatment G25P75. The treatments Pm100, Pm75P25, Pm50P50, Pm25P75 and G100 did not achieve average ratings in relation to ISO 17225-2 for any quality category described in the standard / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar os parâmetros técnicos para a compactação e a qualidade dos pellets produzidos a partir de diferentes tipos de biomassa florestal e agrícola residual. A escolha dos tipos de biomassa foi baseada no volume de produção dos resíduos das principais culturas agrícolas e florestais do Estado de Santa Catarina, e da importância econômica, social e ambiental dos mesmos para os segmentos que os produzem. Desta forma, foram caracterizadas as propriedades físicas, químicas e energéticas de quatro tipos de biomassas residuais agrícolas e florestais (maravalha de pinus, galhos de poda de macieira; falhas de pinhão; grimpa de araucária) que foram utilizadas para a produção dos pellets. Foram analisados 13 tratamentos no estudo, que consistiram de pellets produzidos com: 100% de pinus (P100), considerado como tratamento testemunha; 75% de pinus e 25% de um dos resíduos analisados (F25P75, quando o resíduo era a falha de pinhão, G25P75, para o tratamento contendo grimpa, e Pm25P75, quando o tratamento possuía poda de maça); 50% de pinus e 50% de outro componente analisado, sendo F50P50 (para falha de pinhão), G50P50 (grimpa) e Pm50P50 (poda de maça); misturas contendo 25% de pinus e 75% do outro resíduo analisado, sendo F75P25 (falha de pinhão), G75P25 (grimpa) e Pm75P25 (poda de maça) e os tratamentos homogêneos com 100% de falha (F100); 100% de grimpa (G100) e 100% de poda de maça (Pm100). Para cada tratamento foram estabelecidos os parâmetros ideais de temperatura, pressão e velocidade de compactação dos pellets produzidos em peletizadora piloto de laboratório. Estes parâmetros foram estabelecidos com base nas propriedades físicas e químicas das biomassas in natura, e também em função da qualidade do pellet obtido no processo, por meio de testes de compactação sucessivos. Após a produção dos pellets foi determinada a qualidade deste biocombustível por meio de suas propriedades físicas, mecânicas, químicas e energéticas. A partir dos resultados obtidos em laboratório, os pellets foram classificados com base nos critérios de qualidade da norma ISO 17225-2 para pellets de biomassa para geração de energia. Concluiu-se que os tratamentos F75P25, G75P25 G50P50 e G25P75 foram os únicos que atingiram qualidade para uso residencial e comercial. O tratamento com melhor qualidade para uso residencial e comercial foi o tratamento G25P75. Os tratamentos Pm100, Pm75P25, Pm50P50, Pm25P75 e G100 não conseguiram classificações médias em relação a ISO 17225-2 para nenhuma categoria de qualidade descrita na norma