O conhecimento das estruturas, feições e formas numa bacia de drenagem é parte integrante do reconhecimento de sua evolução e dinâmica. Abordando a avaliação geomorfológica e dinâmica, destacamos todos os fatores físicos ambientais inerentes aos processos de formação das estruturas e feições. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal propor uma caracterização morfométrica da microbacia do arroio Chuí a partir da identificação do divisor de águas adjacente ao arroio Pastoreio, na região sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A identificação da nascente do arroio, foi realizada preliminarmente pela análise em imagens do satélite Landsat 5 sensor TM do ano 2009 associado a dados do modelo digital de elevação (SRTM), sendo posteriormente identificado por observações em campo. Em campo, foi realizado levantamento topográfico na região do divisor de águas com a finalidade de melhor caracterização das suaves variações morfológicas da área. Em laboratório, foram processados e refinados os dados coletados em campo para modelagem tridimensional da área do divisor de águas dos arroios Chuí e Pastoreio. Em ambiente de SIG (Sistemas de Informações Geográficas) foram realizadas interpolações de cotas altimétricas dos pontos coletados em campo utilizando-se os métodos da krigagem e TIN (triangulated irregular network). Através da análise dos modelos tridimensionais gerados, foi identificado o ponto divisor de águas dos arroios, sendo determinante para a posterior delimitação da microbacia do arroio Chuí. A partir da identificação do divisor de águas e conhecimento da nascente do arroio Chuí, foi possível a definição do limite superior da microbacia, e assim caracterizar com maior precisão suas formas e dimensões. Com o uso dos dados do SRTM corrigidos, para a região sul do estado, foram geradas curvas de nível com precisão de 5m, interpolando suas cotas mais elevadas com a ferramenta Watershed (ArcGIS 10®) e definindo-se a área da microbacia do arroio Chuí com 58.796,72ha. Tais métodos de trabalho mostraram-se eficazes na caracterização morfométrica da área de estudo e proporcionaram subsídios ao mais preciso dimensionamento da microbacia do arroio Chuí, acarretando no melhor manejo dos recursos naturais dispostos. / The knowledge of the structures, features and forms a drainage basin is part of the recognition of his evolution and dynamics. Addressing the geomorphological and dynamic evaluation, we highlight all physical environmental factors inherent to the formation of structures and features. This paper has the main objective to propose a morphometric characterization of the Arroio Chuí basin from the identification of the watershed adjacent to Arroio Pastoreio, the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul. Identifying the source of the Arroyo Chuy, was preliminarily performed by analysis on satellite image Landsat 5 sensor TM of 2009 associated with the digital elevation model (SRTM and later identified by survey in field. In the field, topographic survey was conducted in the watershed region in order to better characterize the soft morphological variations of the area. In the laboratory, were processed and refined data collected in the field for three-dimensional modeling of the watershed of the Arroio Chui and Arroio Pastoreio. In the GIS (Geographic Information Systems) interpolations of elevations points collected in the field using the methods of kriging and TIN (triangulated irregular network) were performed. Through the analysis of three-dimensional models generated, the dividing point of the rivers of waters, being decisive for the further delineation of the Arroio Chuí basin was identified. From the identification of the watershed and the source of knowledge Arroyo Chuy, we define the upper limit of the basin, and so more accurately characterize their shapes and dimensions. With using a digital elevation model SRTM adjusted of the southern state, level curves were generated with an accuracy of 5m, interpolating their highest values with the Watershed tool (ArcGIS®10) and defining the area of the Arroio Chuí basin to 58796.72ha. Such working methods were effective in morphometric characterization of the area and provided subsidies to more accurate sizing of the Arroyo Chuy basin, resulting in better management of natural resources arranged.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-05T12:41:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Valdira de Jesus Santos.pdf: 2635589 bytes, checksum: 9b39b726a62d73555a2c293119de114c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T12:41:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valdira de Jesus Santos.pdf: 2635589 bytes, checksum: 9b39b726a62d73555a2c293119de114c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-21 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Restingas (tropical coastal vegetation) are located on the coastal plains, with species from adjacent ecosystems found throughout the Brazilian coast. The coast of Bahia is housed in two geomorphological sectors of the Brazilian coast: the Northeast Coast and the East Coast, with different climatic and geomorphological features. There are few information about the coastal vegetation of Bahia and becomes necessary to study about the composition and structure of vegetation from the coastal area. This study aimed to characterize the structure of the six areas of restingas distributed on the coast of Bahia, located in the towns of Massarandupió, Diogo, Ituberá, Serra Grande, Trancoso and Caravelas, and it is divided into two articles: the first article presents the structure of the vegetation by the quadrant method, to test the hypothesis that the structural composition of vegetation is influenced by the edaphic factors and geomorphological formation. Soil samples were collected to analyze the chemical and physical soil variables. The phytosociological survey resulted in 185 species belonging to 56 families. The areas showed heterogeneity at the structure and composition of the flora, with the majority of individuals with heights ranging from 1.0 to 6.0 m and diameters between 3-13 cm. The family more often founded among the areas was Myrtaceae and the species with the highest VI was Myrcia ramuliflora. The Shannon diversity index (H') of areas (2.769 nats.ind-1 to 3.553 nats.ind-1) was similar to other restingas from the Northeast especially Trancoso had the highest value (3.553 nats.ind-1.). The CCA analysis showed that species in the areas of restingas from Bahia, are influenced by some soil variables (aluminum, sodium, phosphorus and clay) and the faces of closed forest not flooded and non-flooded open fruticetum allowed defining two groups located in distinct geomorphologies. The second study tested the hypothesis that the restingas from Bahia lack floristic similarity with the other northeastern states due to abiotic and geomorphological factors. Lists of species from phytosociological studies of 16 areas of restingas were compiled – six developed in Bahia and 10 studies conducted in other Northeastern states, using the same methodology in obtaining structural data. Was assembled an array of floristic presence/absence with 195 species, to calculate the Jaccard index, grouping and sorting through the Analysis of Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). We used the latitude associated with wealth and diversity of each area to assess a correlation between the restingas along the northeastern coast. The highest wealth level was found in restingas located at south of Bahia, Alagoas and Pernambuco. The restingas of Bahia showed low similarity with the restingas from other northeastern states. There were significant differences in the association of latitude with the values of diversity; and species wealth with latitude between the restingas from Northeast. The areas formed groups with significant differences of similarity, thus demonstrating heterogeneity of northeastern restingas regarding wealth and diversity. / As restingas estão localizadas nas planícies costeiras, com espécies oriundas dos ecossistemas adjacentes e en ontradas por todo o litoral brasileiro. O litoral da Bahia está inserido em dois setores geomorfológicos do litoral brasileiro: o Litoral Nordestino ou Costa Nordeste e o Litoral Oriental ou Costa Leste, com características geomorfológicas e climáticas distintas. Poucas são as informações sobre a vegetação costeira do estado da Bahia e se torna necessário um estudo sobre a composição e estrutura da vegetação da área litorânea. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a estrutura de seis áreas de restinga distribuídas no litoral baiano, situadas nas localidades de Massarandupió, Diogo, Ituberá, Serra Grande, Trancoso e Caravelas, e está dividido em dois artigos: o primeiro apresenta a estrutura da vegetação através do método de quadrantes, para testar a hipótese de que a composição estrutural da vegetação sofre influência dos fatores edáficos e da formação geomorfológica. Foram coletadas amostras do solo para analisar as variáveis químicas e físicas do solo. O levantamento fitossociológico resultou em 185 espécies distribuídas em 56 famílias. As áreas mostraram uma heterogeneidade na estrutura e composição da flora, com a maioria dos indivíduos com alturas variando entre 1,0-6,0 m e diâmetros médios entre 3-13 cm. A família com maior frequência entre as áreas foi Myrtaceae e a espécie com maior VI foi Myrcia ramuliflora. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H´) das áreas (2,769 nats.ind-1-3,553 nats.ind-1) foi similar a outras restingas do Nordeste com destaque para Trancoso que teve o maior valor (3,553 nats.ind-1). A análise de CCA mostrou que as espécies das áreas de restingas da Bahia, são influenciadas por algumas variáveis de solo (alumínio, sódio, fósforo e argila) e as fisionomias de floresta fechada não inundável e de fruticeto aberto não inundável, permitiu definir dois grupos localizados em geomorfologias distintas. O segundo trabalho testou a hipótese de que as restingas baianas não possuem similaridade florística com as dos outros estados nordestinos, devido aos fatores abióticos e geomorfológicos. Foram compiladas as listas de espécies dos estudos fitossociológicos de 16 áreas de restingas sendo seis desenvolvidos nas restingas baianas e 10 estudos realizados nos demais estados do Nordeste, utilizando a mesma metodologia na obtenção dos dados estruturais. Foi montada uma matriz florística de presença/ausência com 195 espécies, para calcular o índice de Jaccard, o agrupamento e a ordenação através da Análise de Escalonamento Multidimensional (MDS). Foi utilizada a latitude associada à riqueza e a diversidade de cada área, para avaliar uma correlação entre as restingas ao longo do litoral nordestino. A maior riqueza foi encontrada nas restingas localizadas ao sul da Bahia, em Alagoas e uma de Pernambuco. As restingas da Bahia apresentaram baixa semelhança com as restingas dos outros estados nordestinos. Houve diferenças significativas na associação da latitude com os valores de diversidade, e da latitude com a riqueza específica entre as restingas nordestinas. As áreas formaram grupos com diferenças significativas de similaridade, demonstrando assim, heterogeneidade das restingas nordestinas com relação à riqueza e a diversidade.

Magister Public Health - MPH / Adolescent pregnancy holds numerous health and social risks for mother and child. Adolescent access to maternal health services is of vital importance to ensure that pregnant adolescents receive timely and effective health care. Evidence suggests that adolescents tend to seek medical care late in their pregnancies and attend fewer than the recommended four antenatal visits. This results in missed opportunities to improve maternal and newborn health due to untreated sexually transmitted diseases and uninhibited mother-to-child HIV transmission, resulting in low birth weight among other poor pregnancy outcomes. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rate of adolescent births worldwide, in keeping with evidence that low-to-middle income countries have the highest rates of adolescent pregnancy. Adolescent pregnancy in South Africa remains a public health concern, and the Mitchells Plain sub-district has a particularly high rate of adolescent pregnancy. The aim of this study was thus to explore the barriers to access for maternal health care services amongst pregnant adolescents in the Mitchells Plain sub-district.

The aim of this study is to learn about and demonstrate the process in which Försäkringskassan (The Swedish Social Insurance Agency) customizes texts and the texts linguistics influence on a potential beneficiary. I use three different questions to fulfill the purpose of the study. I examine what the manuals writers of Försäkringskassan use say about the issues of sentence length, addressing the beneficiaries and wording – three language features that represent different perspectives within plain language research. Furthermore, I examine how decision texts are created and tailored for its beneficiary group and how the language in decisions is perceived by potential beneficiaries. The study’s main method is a case study, which is composed of three data collection methods – comparative text analysis, unstructured interview and survey analysis. The purpose with the different data collection methods is to produce a variety of data that can be discussed in relation to previous research in areas relevant to the purpose of this study. The manuals used by the social insurance staff seem to have a peripheral position on the issue of sentence length, although the survey respondents are expressing criticism towards too long or too short sentences. The study shows that Försäkringskassans decision process is effective, since decisions are created through collaboration of language experts, lawyers and insurance specialists – a collaboration which has also been praised by Språkrådet. However, certain problems arise with the legal language and in some cases Försäkringskassan have to resign themselves to use words and concepts that cannot be described as plain language. The study also demonstrates the need of continuous text reviewing, since the texts should follow current research in plain language and Föräkringskassans guidelines. The fact that Försäkringskassans role as a text transmitter affect the perception of language and content is clear due to results of the survey, a fact which is also supported by previous research. How language is perceived by a beneficiary depends both on the recipient's background knowledge and by his or her attitude towards Försäkringskassan as a text sender.

This study presents a probabilistic lava flow hazard assessment for the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and the cities of Idaho Falls and Pocatello, Idaho. The impetus of this work is to estimate the conditional probability that a lava flow on the eastern Snake River Plain (ESRP) will impact the areas of interest given the formation of a new volcanic vent in the region. A list of 288 eruptive events, derived from a previously published inventory of 506 surface and 32 buried vents, was created to reduce the biasing of spatial density maps towards eruptions with multiple dependent vents. Conditional probabilities of new vents and events occurring on the ESRP were modeled using the the Sum of Asymptotic Mean Squared Error (SAMSE) optimal pilot bandwidth estimator with a bivariate Gaussian kernel function. Monte Carlo analyses of potential eruption scenarios were performed using MOLASSES, a cellular automata fluid flow simulator. Results show that Idaho Falls is impacted <1% of the time for both the vent and event simulations; Pocatello is not impacted by any simulated flows. 25.45% of vent flows and 33.74% of event flows breach the boundaries of INL. 18.27%of vent and 25.85% of event simulations initiate on the INL property. Annual inundation probabilities of 1.06 x 10-4 for vent-based flows and 7.12 x 10-5 for event-based flows are reported for INL; annual probabilities of an eruptive center initiating on INL property are 7.60 x 10-5 for vents and 5.45 x 10-5 for events. All of these values exceed the International Atomic Energy Agency’s acceptable risk probability of 10-7 by several orders of magnitude.

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium (MChD) / The aim of this study is to analyse and compare the delivery of oral health care services based on the prevailing curative paradigm and WHO-treatment norms for the school-going community of Mitchells Palin district in relation to selected alternative methods of dental care delivery. The optimal use of auxiliary personnel, purchasing care from private dental practitioners and intriducing water fluoridation was examined. / South Africa

No description available.

O conhecimento das estruturas, feições e formas numa bacia de drenagem é parte integrante do reconhecimento de sua evolução e dinâmica. Abordando a avaliação geomorfológica e dinâmica, destacamos todos os fatores físicos ambientais inerentes aos processos de formação das estruturas e feições. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal propor uma caracterização morfométrica da microbacia do arroio Chuí a partir da identificação do divisor de águas adjacente ao arroio Pastoreio, na região sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A identificação da nascente do arroio, foi realizada preliminarmente pela análise em imagens do satélite Landsat 5 sensor TM do ano 2009 associado a dados do modelo digital de elevação (SRTM), sendo posteriormente identificado por observações em campo. Em campo, foi realizado levantamento topográfico na região do divisor de águas com a finalidade de melhor caracterização das suaves variações morfológicas da área. Em laboratório, foram processados e refinados os dados coletados em campo para modelagem tridimensional da área do divisor de águas dos arroios Chuí e Pastoreio. Em ambiente de SIG (Sistemas de Informações Geográficas) foram realizadas interpolações de cotas altimétricas dos pontos coletados em campo utilizando-se os métodos da krigagem e TIN (triangulated irregular network). Através da análise dos modelos tridimensionais gerados, foi identificado o ponto divisor de águas dos arroios, sendo determinante para a posterior delimitação da microbacia do arroio Chuí. A partir da identificação do divisor de águas e conhecimento da nascente do arroio Chuí, foi possível a definição do limite superior da microbacia, e assim caracterizar com maior precisão suas formas e dimensões. Com o uso dos dados do SRTM corrigidos, para a região sul do estado, foram geradas curvas de nível com precisão de 5m, interpolando suas cotas mais elevadas com a ferramenta Watershed (ArcGIS 10®) e definindo-se a área da microbacia do arroio Chuí com 58.796,72ha. Tais métodos de trabalho mostraram-se eficazes na caracterização morfométrica da área de estudo e proporcionaram subsídios ao mais preciso dimensionamento da microbacia do arroio Chuí, acarretando no melhor manejo dos recursos naturais dispostos. / The knowledge of the structures, features and forms a drainage basin is part of the recognition of his evolution and dynamics. Addressing the geomorphological and dynamic evaluation, we highlight all physical environmental factors inherent to the formation of structures and features. This paper has the main objective to propose a morphometric characterization of the Arroio Chuí basin from the identification of the watershed adjacent to Arroio Pastoreio, the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul. Identifying the source of the Arroyo Chuy, was preliminarily performed by analysis on satellite image Landsat 5 sensor TM of 2009 associated with the digital elevation model (SRTM and later identified by survey in field. In the field, topographic survey was conducted in the watershed region in order to better characterize the soft morphological variations of the area. In the laboratory, were processed and refined data collected in the field for three-dimensional modeling of the watershed of the Arroio Chui and Arroio Pastoreio. In the GIS (Geographic Information Systems) interpolations of elevations points collected in the field using the methods of kriging and TIN (triangulated irregular network) were performed. Through the analysis of three-dimensional models generated, the dividing point of the rivers of waters, being decisive for the further delineation of the Arroio Chuí basin was identified. From the identification of the watershed and the source of knowledge Arroyo Chuy, we define the upper limit of the basin, and so more accurately characterize their shapes and dimensions. With using a digital elevation model SRTM adjusted of the southern state, level curves were generated with an accuracy of 5m, interpolating their highest values with the Watershed tool (ArcGIS®10) and defining the area of the Arroio Chuí basin to 58796.72ha. Such working methods were effective in morphometric characterization of the area and provided subsidies to more accurate sizing of the Arroyo Chuy basin, resulting in better management of natural resources arranged.

Magister Artium - MA / Solid waste management in South Africa has been focussing on the technical issues of waste disposal with little attention paid to the social and economic aspects of households. It is important to find out the impact of the attitude and perception of households on solid waste management, especially in low-income areas to be able to deal with the deplorabe domestic solid waste management in such areas. The quantity of solid waste generated in low-income areas is often assumed to be less than the solid waste generated in high-income neighbourhoods. In most of the townships of low-income households in Cape Town, the residents live next to mountains of solid waste which is not the case in middle and high income areas. This clearly has a negative effect on the environment and human health. Tafelsig is one of the low-income Cape Flats townships where the open spaces and green areas are dumping areas. The small yard that people own is often unclean. The aim of the study was to examine how households residing in the low-income neighbourhood (Tafelsig, Mitchell's Plain) view domestic solid waste and its management. The study explored the perceptions, attitudes and behaviour of these households towards the production and management of sold waste. Issues relating to the degradation of their environment and to solid waste mismanagement were also examined. / South Africa

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-01-25T21:49:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_Alessandra Cotrim.pdf: 9069866 bytes, checksum: 892f9788ca4b0cbbf4794de6292ed4d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T21:49:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_Alessandra Cotrim.pdf: 9069866 bytes, checksum: 892f9788ca4b0cbbf4794de6292ed4d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-17 / This paper aims to study the floristic of areas of Brazilian Savannas in state of Bahia and compares them to the physiognomies present in Coastal Plain in east of Bahia which are considered disjoint cerrado. The methodology of this work consisted of establish five sampling areas in the state of Bahia: 1) Savanna physiognomy in the west of Bahia; 2) In the Chapada Diamantina; 3) In the Coastal Plain; 4) Restinga in the northern littoral of Bahia; 5) Restinga in the southern littoral of Bahia. The sampling areas were performed using the point centered quarter method, being in each area were sampled 100 points 20m far between distributed in 10 transects with 10 points each, considering the degree of conservation in each study area. All woody individuals with DBH ? 3 cm closer to each point were sampled in that survey totaling 400 individuals per area. A sum of 2.000 individuals were sampled. The Shannon index (H') was used to estimate the diversity of each area. The Jaccard index of similarity (cluster method) was used to determine the floristic similarity between transects and study areas. Were sampled 78 species in the Western Savanna formations distributed in 31 families; estimated the diversity by the Shannon index H' = 3,61 to 3,93; 68 species in the Chapada Diamantina Savanna formations distributed in 30 families and estimated the diversity by the Shannon index between 3,49 to 3,45; 83 species in Coastal Plains distributed in 38 families wich estimated the diversity by H? = 3,46 to 3,89; 73 and 69 species in the restingas in the Northern and Southern littoral distributed in 36 and 33 families; estimated the diversity by the Shannon index H'=3,61 to 3,97 and H? = 3,68 to 3,85. Cluster analysis indicated that the floristic similarity found between coastal plain in the east of the State of Bahia and restinga formations (coast) indicating floristic relationship between the areas. The Savanna formations in the west of Bahia and Chapada Diamantina presented 30% of similarity. There by the analysis of this work showed more evident relationship of the floristic in Coastal Plains to the Atlantic forest physiognomy therefore these areas should be treated as Atlantic forest physiognomy related including all legal aspects of conservation and forest management provided by law n? 11.428/2006 and resolutions of CONAMA. / Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar e comparar flor?sticamente as ?reas de Savanas encontradas na Bahia e compar?-las ?s fisionomias encontradas sobre os Tabuleiros Costeiros no Leste da Bahia, consideradas ?reas de Cerrado disjuntos. Para condu??o do trabalho foram estabelecidas cinco ?reas de amostragens na Bahia, sendo: 1) fisionomias Sav?nicas localizados na regi?o Oeste; 2) na Chapada Diamantina; 3) nos Tabuleiros Costeiros; 4) Restingas noLitoral Norte; 5) Restingas do LitoralSul. A amostragem nas ?reas foram realizadas atrav?s do m?todo de pontos-quadrantes, sendo alocados em cada ?rea amostral 100 pontos equidistantes em 20 m, distribu?dos em 10 transec??es, com 10 pontos cada, respeitando-se o grau de conserva??o de cada ?rea estudada. Em cada quadrante, foram amostrados os indiv?duos lenhosos com DAS ?3 cm, mais pr?ximos de cada ponto, perfazendo um total de 400 indiv?duos por ?rea, perfazendo um total de 2.000 indiv?duos amostrados. A diversidade de cada ?rea analisada foi estimada pelos ?ndices de Shannon-Wiener(H?). Para determina??o da similaridade flor?stica entre as ?reas estudadas foram realizadas an?lises de agrupamentos a partir do ?ndice de similaridade de Jaccard (J). Nas fisionomias sav?nicas da regi?o Oeste do Estado foram amostradas78 esp?cies, distribu?das em 31 fam?lias; a diversidade estimada pelo ?ndice de H? = 3,61 a 3,93; nas fisionomias sav?nicasda Chapada Diamantina 68 esp?cies, distribu?das em 30fam?lias, a diversidade estimada pelo ?ndice de Shannon-Wiener (H?) variou de 3,49 a 3,45; para os Tabuleiros Costeiros 83 esp?cies, distribu?das em 38 fam?lias, a diversidade estimada pelo ?ndice H? = 3,46 a 3,89; para as Restingas do Litoral Norte e Sul, obteve-se respectivamente, 73 e 69 esp?cies distribu?das em 36 e 33 fam?lias, a diversidade estimada pelo ?ndice de Shannon-Wienervariou deH? = 3,61 a 3,97 e H? = 3,68 a 3,85,respectivamente. As an?lises de agrupamento apontaram similaridades flor?sticas entre os Tabulerios Costeiros no Leste do Estado com as fisionomias de restingas (no Litoral), indicando rela??o flor?stica entre as ?reas.J?as fisionomias sav?nicas do Oeste e da Chapada Diamantinaapresentaram 30% de similaridade. Assim, pelas an?lises deste estudo evidenciou-se uma maior rela??o flor?stica dos Tabuleiros com as fisionomias de Mata Atl?ntica, portanto, estas ?reas devem ser tratadas como fisionomias relacionadas a Mata Atl?ntica, inclusive quanto aos aspectos legais de conserva??o e manejo, previstos na Lei n? 11.428/2006 e Resolu??es do CONAMA.