Die gängige Methodik zum Konzipieren automatisierter Montagesysteme umfasst die Planung der Montage und die physische Entwicklung der technischen Gesamtlösung. Zur Abbildung der konkreten Aufgabe werden standardisierte Symbole in einem Ablaufplan miteinander verknüpft. Die Hauptaufgabe des Konstrukteurs ist die Auswahl und die Zusammenstellung einer optimalen Konfiguration der Funktionsträger sowie deren Implementierung in einer Gesamtlösung unter Berücksichtigung der vorgegebenen Randbedingungen. Das Problem ist der fehlende Informationsgehalt der bisher eingesetzten Handhabungssymbole und Symbole zur Ermittlung der Funktionsträger zur Beschreibung der Montage- und Handhabungsplanung sowie die fehlende Vorgehensweise zur Auswahl der Funktionsträger aus den verschiedenen Varianten nach minimaler Taktzeit und Gesamtanschaffungskosten. Zur Realisierung eines effizienten Montageplanungssystems leitet sich daher die Zielstellung ab, den Informationsgehalt der standardisierten Symbole zu erweitern und mit logischen Schnittstellen für eine automatisierte Verknüpfung in der Funktionsfolge auszustatten. Diese neuen Symbole beinhalten die Definition der Funktionen sowie alle Randbedingungen und Parameter zur eindeutigen Beschreibung der Handhabungsaufgabe. Mithilfe dieser Parameter werden Anforderungslisten erstellt und nach passenden Anlagenkomponenten gesucht. Zur Auswahl der optimalen Komponenten des Montagesystems wird das lineare Optimierungsproblem hinsichtlich der Kombination aus Taktzeit und Gesamtanschaffungskosten gelöst. / The common methodology for designing automated assembly systems involves the assembly planning and the physical development of overall technical solution. To illustrate the concrete task, standardized symbols are connected together in a flowchart. The designer's main task is the selection and the composition of an optimal configuration of the functional carriers as well as their implementation in an overall solution in consideration of the predetermined boundary conditions. One problem is the lack of information content of the previously used handling symbols and the symbols for determining the functional carriers, which describe the assembly and handling planning. The other is the insufficient methods for selecting the functional carriers from the different variants based on minimum cycle time and total acquisition cost. In order to realize an efficient assembly planning system, the objective is therefore to expand the information content of the standardized symbols and equip them with logical interfaces for automated connection in the functional sequence. These new symbols contain the definition of the functions as well as all boundary conditions and parameters for the unambiguous description of the handling task. These parameters are utilised to create requirement lists and search for suitable plant components. In order to select the optimal components of the assembly system, the linear optimization problem regarding the combination of cycle time and total acquisition costs is solved.

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo proponer a una empresa distribuidora de insumos automotrices herramientas que permitan optimizar el proceso de distribución, para reducir sobrecostos y evitar las devoluciones, mediante una correcta planificación y seguimiento de entregas de los pedidos. En la actualidad, la empresa viene afrontando dos grandes problemas: sobrecostos en la distribución e insatisfacción de clientes por pedidos no entregados. Este último, incurre, además, en una reducción de la venta debido a las devoluciones. Para poder analizar y entender los procesos de la organización, se ha usado el marco de trabajo Zachman y la metodología TOGAF, los cuales permiten identificar los procesos a mejorar para atacar las causas de los problemas. Luego, se identificaron los factores de éxito del proyecto, los cuales ayudan a definir los indicadores de éxito para medir la eficacia de la solución planteada. Posteriormente, se enfocó en elaborar una arquitectura de software analizando los requisitos, restricciones y reglas de negocio, priorizando los más importantes y trascendentes, a los cuales se le denominó Drivers Arquitectónicos. Asimismo, se definieron atributos de calidad de la solución propuesta, los cuales contribuirán aplicando decisiones y estilos de diseño. Por otro lado, se aplicaron tácticas de diseño, conocidas por su eficiencia para cumplir con los atributos de calidad. Así también, se elaboró un diagrama C4, el cual permite representar los diferentes niveles de abstracción de la solución del software a un nivel técnico. Finalmente se elaboraron los prototipos de pantallas, con los que interactúan los usuarios de los procesos en la solución planteada. La propuesta plantea una reducción sustancial de los sobrecostos de distribución y las devoluciones de ventas, dicha reducción será analizada mediante tableros de control que medirán el éxito del proyecto. / The present work aims to propose to the automotive supplies distributor company, tools that allow optimizing the distribution process, to reduce cost overruns and avoid returns, through proper planning and follow-up of order deliveries. Currently, the company has been facing two major problems: cost overruns in distribution and customer dissatisfaction due to undelivered orders. The latter incurs a reduction in the sale due to returns. In order to analyze and understand the organization's processes, the Zachman framework and the TOGAF methodology have been used, which allow us to identify the processes to be improved, to attack the causes of problems. Then, the success factors of the project were identified, which help to define the success indicators to measure the effectiveness of the proposed solution. Subsequently, the focus was to develop a software architecture analyzing the requirements, restrictions and business rules, prioritizing the most important and transcendent, which were called Architectural Drivers. Likewise, quality attributes of the proposed solution were defined, which will contribute by applying design decisions and styles. On the other hand, design tactics were applied, known for their efficiency in meeting quality attributes. Likewise, a C4 diagram was elaborated, which allows to represent the different levels of abstraction of the software solution at a technical level. Finally, the prototypes of screens were developed, with which the users of the processes in the proposed solution interact. The proposal proposes a substantial reduction in distribution cost overruns and sales returns, such reduction will be analyzed through control panels that will measure the success of the project. / Tesis

La presente tesis es una “Propuesta de mejora del proceso de planificación de proyectos en una empresa de construcción con sistema drywall” desarrollada en una PYME del rubro construcción. La propuesta está basada en herramientas de ingeniería para contrarrestar el problema identificado en la empresa en estudio que es la demora en la entrega de proyectos de construcción. Para ello, en la presente tesis está estructurada en 6 capítulos. En el capítulo 1 se presenta el Marco teórico, en el cual se define el sistema constructivo drywall, metodologías y herramientas de mejora aplicables al proceso de planificación de proyectos de construcción y a la reducción y/o eliminación de demora en la entrega al cliente. En el capítulo 2 se presenta el diagnóstico, en el cual se describe la empresa, las condiciones en las que opera, el problema, los procesos involucrados con el problema, causas raíces, impacto económico y las herramientas aplicables a la reducción y/o eliminación del problema. En el capítulo 3 se desarrolla la evaluación de alternativas de solución, en el cual se describe el plan de implementación de las herramientas 5S y Last Planner System. En el capítulo 4 se muestra la validación de la propuesta de mejora compuesta por juicio experto y la validación económica. En el capítulo 5, se muestra el impacto de la mejora en los stakeholders mediante una matriz Leopold. Finalmente, en el capítulo 6 se muestran las conclusiones y recomendaciones de la presente tesis. / This thesis is a "Proposal for improvement of the project planning process in a construction company with gypsum panel system" developed in an SME of the construction sector. The proposal is based on engineering tools to counteract the problem in the company in the study that is the delay in the delivery of construction projects. For this, in this thesis is structured in 6 chapters. Chapter 1 presents the theoretical framework, which defines the construction system of drywall, methodologies and tools to improve the planning process of construction projects and the reduction and / or elimination of the delay in delivery to the client. In chapter 2 the diagnosis is presented, in which the company is described, the conditions in which it operates, the problem, the processes related to the problem, the root causes, the economic impact and the tools applicable to the reduction and / or the elimination of the problem. Chapter 3 describes the evaluation of solution alternatives, and describes the implementation plan of the 5S and Last Planner System tools. Chapter 4 shows the validation of the improvement proposal composed of expert judgment and economic validation. In Chapter 5, the impact of the improvement on stakeholders is shown through a Leopold matrix. Finally, chapter 6 shows the conclusions and recommendations of this thesis. / Tesis

Bakgrund och problem: Enterprise resource planning system (Svenska:Affärssystem) har historiskt huvudsakligen använts inom stora företag. Men har påsenare tid blivit allt vanligare hos små- och medelstora företag till följd avdigitalisering och marknadsändringar. Det har gjorts studier för hur ett välimplementerat och integrerat affärssystem ökar effektiviteten inom företag. Vidarekonkluderar forskare att utvärdering av affärssystemet är viktigt för att bibehålla etteffektivt system över tid och föreslår utvärderingsmodeller för ändamålet. Däremotfinns det teoretiska kunskapsluckor gällande hur små- och medelstora företag inomtillverkningsindustrin kan och bör genomföra utvärderingar och vilkabeslutsfaktorer som ligger till grund för ett sådant beslut. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka om och hur små- och medelstora företagutvärderar sina affärssystem. Metodval: Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med abduktivforskningsansats. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av 10 semistrukturerade intervjuermed olika chefer och ansvariga för små- och medelstora tillverkningsföretag. De 10respondenterna valdes genom ett målstyrt urval. Slutsats: Formella utvärderingar med hjälp av modeller utförs inte. Utvärderingmed hjälp av är modeller är en komplex process som anses vara för tidskrävandeoch kostsam för små- och medelstora företag att genomföra. Däremot förekommerinformella utvärderingar av affärssystem till viss utsträckning. / Background and problem: Enterprise resource planning systems have historicallymainly been used within large companies. But has recently become increasinglycommon in small- and medium-sized companies as a result of digitization andmarket changes. There have been studies on how a well-implemented and integratedbusiness system increases efficiency within companies. Furthermore, researchersconclude that evaluation of the business system is important to maintain an effectivesystem over time and propose evaluation models for the purpose. On the other hand,there are theoretical knowledge gaps regarding how small- and medium-sizedcompanies in the manufacturing industry can and should carry out evaluations andwhich decision factors are the basis for such a decision. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate whether and how small- andmedium-sized companies evaluate their enterprise resource planning system. Method: The study has a qualitative research method with an abductive researchapproach. The empirical material consists of 10 semi-structured interviews withvarious managers of small- and medium-sized manufacturing companies. The 10 respondents were selected through purposive sampling. Conclusion: Formal evaluations using models are not carried out, as evaluationusing models is a complex process that is considered too time-consuming and costlyfor SMEs to undertake. On the other hand, informal evaluations of enterpriseresource planning systems occur to a certain extent.

No description available.

Abstract In recent years, the interest and development of artificial intelligence has been extensive, and society is in the middle of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Given the changes that have occurred, an interest to examine how this has affected the role of the controller arises, considering it is tasks as theirs that AI is now competing with. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand how AI is integrated into the role of the controller and how the surrounding environment influences AI-usage in this context. Hereby, the dynamic relationship between AI, practitioners, and the surrounding environment is considered by examining how technological advancements and human attitudes influence the use of AI.  The study was conducted with a qualitative approach, where eleven respondents were interviewed in semi-structured interviews. The two selection groups consisted of actors within ERP systems and controllers. The collected data was analyzed through coding, identifying the following main themes: development, business and economic consequences, tasks, competence and attitude. The analysis of the empirical data was based on an integration of existing research along with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the theory of professions. The impact of AI was not equally prominent for everyone; however, where it had influence, AI was used as an assistant, working together with the controller to fulfill tasks. Furthermore, an indication of a shift in competence requirements was observed, where technical competence gained increased significance. Additionally, users' knowledge and perception of AI-tools influenced their attitude, with a lack of understanding leading to fear, while deeper understanding and positive experiences promoted acceptance. Consequently, attitude indicated significance for actual AI-usage. However, barriers such as unclear regulations, ethical and social considerations, and technical limitations were identified, requiring reflection for successful integration of AI within the accounting industry. In summary, AI works as a complement to the controller, depending on user attitude and the influence of external factors, which may have a limiting effect. / Sammanfattning Under de senaste åren har intresset och utvecklingen av artificiell intelligens (AI) varit explosivartad och samhället befinner sig mitt i den fjärde industriella revolutionen. Med grund i den förändring som skett är det av intresse att studera hur detta fått effekt på rollen som controller, då det är uppgifter som deras som AI konkurrerar med. Syftet med studien är därför att förstå hur AI integreras med rollen som controller samt hur den omgivande miljön har inflytande på AI-användningen i denna kontext. Härigenom beaktas den dynamiska relationen mellan AI, yrkesutövare och den omgivande miljön genom att undersöka hur tekniska framsteg och mänskliga förhållningssätt har inflytande på AI- användningen.  Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats där elva respondenter intervjuades i semistrukturerade intervjuer. De två urvalsgrupperna bestod av aktörer inom affärssystem och controllers. Insamlade data analyserades genom kodning där följande huvudteman identifierades: utveckling, affärsmässiga och ekonomiska konsekvenser, arbetsuppgifter, kompetens och inställning. Analysen av empirin baserades på en integrering av existerande forskning tillsammans med de teoretiska modellerna Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) och professionsteori. Av analysen framkom att effekten av AI inte är lika framträdande för alla respondenter, där den däremot fått inflytande nyttjas AI som en assistent vilken tillsammans med controllern kan fullfölja arbetsuppgifterna. Vidare kunde även en indikation på skiftning i kompetenskravet observeras där den tekniska kompetensen fått ökad vikt. Även användarnas kunskap och uppfattning om AI-verktyg har inflytande över inställningen, där bristande förståelse kan leda till rädsla, medan en djupare förståelse och positiv upplevelse kan främja acceptans. Inställningen indikerar därefter få betydelse för den faktiska AI-användningen. Däremot identifieras hinder som otydlig reglering, etiska och samhälleliga hänsynstaganden samt tekniska begränsningar, vilka kräver beaktning för en lyckad integration av AI inom redovisningsbranschen. Sammanfattningsvis fungerar AI som ett komplement åt controllern, dock beroende av användarens inställning samt influensen av externa faktorer vilka kan ha en begränsande effekt.

近年來隨著全球化的發展，自助旅行的風氣蔚為風潮。背包客可以根據自己的喜好與條件，自己規劃旅遊路線與行程。一般規劃旅遊行程的過程費時而繁瑣，除了必須決定旅遊景點，還必須將景點開放時間、景點停留時間、交通方式、旅遊順序與路線、時間限制、住宿地點、經費等列入考量。 針對旅遊行程規劃，除了參考網友的行程規劃，目前已普遍有景點推薦、行程編輯系統，協助使用者規劃行程。但少有旅遊行程自動規劃系統。因此，本論文研發實作旅遊行程的自動規劃系統MyTripPlan。MyTripPlan具備景點推薦、景點停留與拜訪時間預估、路線規劃、行程規劃及行程調整的功能。 本系統MyTripPlan在離線時，先透過爬蟲程式由景點推薦網站取得熱門景點資訊、由相片分享網站取得景點相片時間以推估景點停留及拜訪時間、由交通查詢網站取得任兩景點間的推估交通時間。在線上時，當使用者輸入旅遊天數等時間限制、並由系統推薦景點勾選有興趣拜訪的景點及餐廳後，系統將運用定向排程演算法推論出符合時間限制的旅遊行程，呈現在地圖上，並結合交通網站，產生行程表。 經實驗效能驗證，以安排旅遊天數七天，五十六個景點所需要的行程規劃時間約為一秒鐘；使用者對於實作完畢的MyTripPlan系統與功能也都有滿意以上的評分。 / Travel planning process is time-consuming and tedious. To plan a trip, not only the attractions, but opening hours, timing cost, travel route, transportation, lodge, budget control and so on also need to be considered. While there are widespread attraction recommendation and itinerary editing systems to assist people to plan their trip, only few trip automated planning systems are developed. In this thesis, MyTripPlan, an automatic trip planning system, is designed and developed. MyTripPlan The system provides users the capability of attraction recommendation, visiting and stay time estimation, route planning, trip planning and itinerary adjustments. In offline process, MyTripPlan collects popular attraction information from web content for attraction recommendation, gets the timestamp of attractions from photo-sharing websites to estimate visiting and stay time, and crawls traffic information from public transportation query site to estimate the travel time between attractions. Given the trip duration, MyTripPlan recommends attractions and restaurants, schedules and produces the trip itinerary automatically based on the team orienteering scheduling algorithm. The generated itinerary takes the user-preferred attractions, visiting and stay time constraints, and transportation information into consideration. MyTripPlan presents the trip itinerary both in map and schedule list. The experiments show that the execution time for trip plan with fifty-six attractions in seven days requires about one second. Moreover, nineteen subjects were invited to evaluate the effectiveness of MyTripPlan. Most users were satisfied and gave excellent rating on the system performance.

The diploma thesis focuses on creation of the marketing plan for the HR information system Kompas2 that is produced and distributed by PC HELP, a.s. The theoretical part also deals with mapping of modern marketing trends. When designing marketing activities, great attention is paid to Internet marketing, with an emphasis on content marketing.

The door manufacturing industry still heavily relies on manual technology for its production and quality assurance systems, which poses certain challenges. However, in recent years, the industry has witnessed a growing demand for personalized products, leading to a need for more adaptable production methods and shorter product life cycles. Unfortunately, this reliance on manual technologies has resulted in increased errors and inaccuracies. Moreover, manual technology requires significant time and effort investment, which reduces production efficiency and product quality. To address these issues, the purpose of this thesis is to address the issue of inefficiency at a door manufacturing company by examining its existing production systems and quality assurance system. The thesis aims to provide recommendations for improvement by exploring the integration of automated tracing and tracking technology. Furthermore, it would result in recommendations for feasible methods that may be used in Swedish production systems, as well as further study fields.