Das Forschungsvorhaben "Bildung eines vernetzten Logistik- und Simulationszentrums" (DFG-gefördertes Innovationskolleg) wurde an der TU Chemnitz von 1996-2000 erfolgreich bearbeitet. Erklärtes Ziel war der Aufbau eines Kompetenz- und Dienstleistungszentrums für Logistik und Simulation zur Realisierung eines an den Erfordernissen von KMU ausgerichteten, ganzheitlich integrierten und um die Einbeziehung von Humanpotentialen erweiterten Planungs-, Produktions- und Steuerungsansatzes. In den Teilprojekten: - Integriertes vernetztes Datenmanagement (Prof. Förster) - Simulationsgestützte integrierte Fabrikplanung (Prof. Wirth) - Simulationsgestützte integrierte Steuerung des Fabrikbetriebes (Prof. Petermann, Prof. Stanek) - Humanpotentialintegrierte Fabrikplanung und -steuerung (Prof. Enderlein) - Integration von Simulationssystemen zur Fabrikplanung und -steuerung (Prof. Köchel) wurden die Zielsetzungen 1. Aufbau und prototypische Realisierung eines Planungs-, Steuerungs- und Simulationssoftwarepools als Kern des Kompetenzzentrums 2. Auskopplung und Integration von Softwaresystemen und -komponenten zu Low-cost-Lösungen für typische Planungs- und Betreiberaufgaben bearbeitet und erfolgreich realisiert.

Over the years many organizations have implemented an enterprise system (ES), also called enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, to streamline the flow of information and improve organizational effectiveness to produce business benefits which justify the ES investment. The effectiveness of these systems to achieve benefits is an area being proactively researched by both professionals and academia. However, most of these studies focus on ‘what ESs do’ rather than ‘how ESs do it’. The purpose of this study is to better understand how organizations derive benefits from utilization of an ES and its data. This study utilizes a transformational model of how ES data are transformed into knowledge and results to evaluate the impact of ES information on organizational functions and processes and how this can lead to business benefits. The linkage between expected outcomes, utilization of ES data in decision-making processes, and realized or unrealized benefits provides the reason for this study. Findings reveal that the key benefits commercial firms seek from an ES include improving information flow and visibility, integration and automation of functions, cost reductions by reducing inventory, and achieving process efficiencies for both internal and external operations. The various tools and methods businesses use for transforming ES data into knowledge include the use of data warehouses and business intelligence modules that assist in extraction and manipulation of data, and reporting on particular data objects. Web portals are actively utilized to collaborate between stakeholders and access real-time information. Business tools such as KPI reporting, balanced scorecards and dashboards are used to track progress towards realizing benefits and establishing analytical decision making. Findings emphasize that benefit realization from an ES implementation is a holistic process that not only includes the essential data and technology factors, but also includes other factors such as business strategy deployment, people and process management, and skills and competency development. Findings reveal that business organizations generally lack in producing value assessments that often lead to weak business cases and insufficient benefit models which cannot be used for benefit tracking. However, these organizations are now realizing that it is not enough to put in an ES and expect an automatic improvement. Organizations are now establishing analytical and knowledge-leveraging processes to optimize and realize business value from their ES investment.

Over the years many organizations have implemented an enterprise system (ES), also called enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, to streamline the flow of information and improve organizational effectiveness to produce business benefits which justify the ES investment. The effectiveness of these systems to achieve benefits is an area being proactively researched by both professionals and academia. However, most of these studies focus on ‘what ESs do’ rather than ‘how ESs do it’. The purpose of this study is to better understand how organizations derive benefits from utilization of an ES and its data. This study utilizes a transformational model of how ES data are transformed into knowledge and results to evaluate the impact of ES information on organizational functions and processes and how this can lead to business benefits. The linkage between expected outcomes, utilization of ES data in decision-making processes, and realized or unrealized benefits provides the reason for this study. Findings reveal that the key benefits commercial firms seek from an ES include improving information flow and visibility, integration and automation of functions, cost reductions by reducing inventory, and achieving process efficiencies for both internal and external operations. The various tools and methods businesses use for transforming ES data into knowledge include the use of data warehouses and business intelligence modules that assist in extraction and manipulation of data, and reporting on particular data objects. Web portals are actively utilized to collaborate between stakeholders and access real-time information. Business tools such as KPI reporting, balanced scorecards and dashboards are used to track progress towards realizing benefits and establishing analytical decision making. Findings emphasize that benefit realization from an ES implementation is a holistic process that not only includes the essential data and technology factors, but also includes other factors such as business strategy deployment, people and process management, and skills and competency development. Findings reveal that business organizations generally lack in producing value assessments that often lead to weak business cases and insufficient benefit models which cannot be used for benefit tracking. However, these organizations are now realizing that it is not enough to put in an ES and expect an automatic improvement. Organizations are now establishing analytical and knowledge-leveraging processes to optimize and realize business value from their ES investment.

Orientador: Marco Antônio Rodrigues Fernandes / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de planos radioterápicos realizados com o Sistema de Planejamento de Tratamento (TPS) XiO 5.10, utilizados em centros de radioterapia. Foram analisados os protocolos clínicos de radioterapia através de pesquisa bibliográfica em artigos científicos e textos produzidos pelas sociedades especializadas da área da radioncologia. Foram realizadas visitas técnicas junto a serviços de radioterapia para melhor entendimento das diferenças entre os distintos sistemas de planejamentos radioterápicos aplicados. A pesquisa verificou a resposta de três diferentes algoritmos computacionais de cálculo de dose de radiação: Superposition, Convolution e Fast Superposition, disponíveis no TPS XiO® da Elekta Medical Systems. Para isto foram analisados os parâmetros de distribuição de dose para 22 planejamentos radioterápicos realizados em uma clínica de radioterapia privada, sendo: 1 paciente com metástase cerebral, 3 pacientes com tumores de cabeça e pescoço, 9 com câncer de mama e 9 com tumores da próstata. Também foi quantificada a influência da heterogeneidade do tecido irradiado, através dos métodos de correção de heterogeneidade do XiO. Independentemente da correção de heterogeneidade do tecido, de um modo geral, o algoritmo de Convolution tendeu a subestimar a dose no PTV quando comparado com os outros dois algoritmos de cálculo de dose. Não foram percebidas diferenças significativas nos valores de dose de radiação calculados para o PTV, determinadas com os... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This paper bring forward a study of radiotherapeutic planning accomplished by XiO 5.10 treatment planning systems utilized in radiotherapic centers. The clinical protocols of radiotherapy were analyzed through bibliographic research in scientific articles and texts produced by societies related to the area of radioncology. . Technical reconnaissance visits were performed in radiotherapy services for a better understanding of the differences between the systems of radiotherapy planning applied. The research verified the response of three distinct computational algorithms of calculation of dose radiation: Superposition, Convolution and Fast Superposition, available in the Tps XiO® of Elekta Medical Systems. For this purpose, were analyzed the dose distribution parameters for 22 radiotherapy plans performed in a private radiotherapy clinic: 1 patient with cerebral metastasis, 3 patients with head and neck tumors, 9 with breast cancer and 9 with prostate tumors . The influence of the heterogeneity of the irradiated tissue was also quantified through the XiO heterogeneity correction methods. Regardless of the correction of tissue heterogeneity, the Convolution algorithm tended to, in general, underestimate the dose in the PTV when compared to the other two dose calculation algorithms. No significant differences were observed in the radiation dose values calculated for the PTV, determined with the other two algorithms, however, the Superposition method provides a slight reduction o... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Ce travail de recherche vise à étudier les plusieurs variantes de problèmes de planification de voyage et de développer la technique efficace pour résoudre ce problème d'optimisation. Afin de modéliser ce genre de problème le problème d'orientation est devenu le point de départ prometteur. Par conséquent, ce modèle de base est étendue à plusieurs variantes pour permettre des fonctionnalités de séjour supplémentaires. Basé sur l'algorithme qui est appliquée avec succès à l'certaine version du problème, nous avons proposé la Itéré locale algorithme de recherche pour lutter contre dépendant du temps multi contrainte équipe Orientation un problème de temps Windows. Le MCTOPTW simple, prend en compte la limitation du budget de l'argent que de multiples contraintes, en plus de fenêtre de temps et le score de satisfaction associée tandis que le TDMCTOPTW considère l'intégration de réseau de transport public urbain dans la MCTOPTW. / This research work aims to investigate the several variants of trip planning problems and develop efficient technique to solve that optimization problem. In order to model this kind of problem the Orienteering Problem became the promising starting point. Therefore, this basic model is extended to several variants in order to enable additional tourist functionalities. Based on the algorithm that is successfully applied to the certain version of problem, we proposed the Iterated Local Search Algorithm to tackle the Time Dependent Multi Constraint Team Orienteering Problem with Time Windows. The simple MCTOPTW takes into account money budget limitation as multiple constraints in addition to time window and associated satisfaction score while the TDMCTOPTW considers the integration of urban public transportation network into the MCTOPTW.

Social services represent one of the form of help to handicaped people. Social services are not so important they{\crq}re needed by many people but the reason is important part of the society couldn{\crq}t participate at all parts of society life without having social services implemented. Thereby there would be avoided claiming of birth rights and civil liberties and the handicaped people would be socially excepted without having social services implemented. Social services are provided to people who need it due to their health state or their age and those that can{\crq}t overcome tough social situation or unfavourable living conditions. Planned reform of social services whose outcome is the law about social services is focused on 3 main activities {--} planning of social services, change of social services funding, the quality standards of social services. Methodology ambiguity in planning system of social services in Czech Republic avoids the data comparison from individual plans of social services. The objective of the thesis was to compare the methodology of community planning of social services in the Region of South Bohemia for selected cities. There were performed the analysis of the methodology for planning of social services and the comparision of the individual plans of social services in the cities Tábor and Český Krumlov in the Region of South Bohemia by means of the secondary and content analyses of the realized community plans of social services in these cities.

Submitted by Henrique Barcellos Campanelli null (henrique.barcellos@aluno.ibb.unesp.br) on 2018-03-21T19:10:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Henrique B Campanelli.pdf: 1741646 bytes, checksum: 36fc92e7787c2620fa984fb8bcfeedf4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Pizzani null (luciana@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-03-22T15:09:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 campanelli_hb_me_bot.pdf: 1741646 bytes, checksum: 36fc92e7787c2620fa984fb8bcfeedf4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-22T15:09:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 campanelli_hb_me_bot.pdf: 1741646 bytes, checksum: 36fc92e7787c2620fa984fb8bcfeedf4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Outra / Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de planos radioterápicos realizados com o Sistema de Planejamento de Tratamento (TPS) XiO 5.10, utilizados em centros de radioterapia. Foram analisados os protocolos clínicos de radioterapia através de pesquisa bibliográfica em artigos científicos e textos produzidos pelas sociedades especializadas da área da radioncologia. Foram realizadas visitas técnicas junto a serviços de radioterapia para melhor entendimento das diferenças entre os distintos sistemas de planejamentos radioterápicos aplicados. A pesquisa verificou a resposta de três diferentes algoritmos computacionais de cálculo de dose de radiação: Superposition, Convolution e Fast Superposition, disponíveis no TPS XiO® da Elekta Medical Systems. Para isto foram analisados os parâmetros de distribuição de dose para 22 planejamentos radioterápicos realizados em uma clínica de radioterapia privada, sendo: 1 paciente com metástase cerebral, 3 pacientes com tumores de cabeça e pescoço, 9 com câncer de mama e 9 com tumores da próstata. Também foi quantificada a influência da heterogeneidade do tecido irradiado, através dos métodos de correção de heterogeneidade do XiO. Independentemente da correção de heterogeneidade do tecido, de um modo geral, o algoritmo de Convolution tendeu a subestimar a dose no PTV quando comparado com os outros dois algoritmos de cálculo de dose. Não foram percebidas diferenças significativas nos valores de dose de radiação calculados para o PTV, determinadas com os outros dois algoritmos, no entanto, o método Superposition proporciona leve redução do tempo de processamento computacional. O trabalho pretende contribuir para uma melhor compreensão da sistemática de cálculo do TPS XiO e assim, beneficiar os usuários dos planejamentos computadorizados durante a análise dos indicadores da qualidade do plano de tratamento. / This paper bring forward a study of radiotherapeutic planning accomplished by XiO 5.10 treatment planning systems utilized in radiotherapic centers. The clinical protocols of radiotherapy were analyzed through bibliographic research in scientific articles and texts produced by societies related to the area of radioncology. . Technical reconnaissance visits were performed in radiotherapy services for a better understanding of the differences between the systems of radiotherapy planning applied. The research verified the response of three distinct computational algorithms of calculation of dose radiation: Superposition, Convolution and Fast Superposition, available in the Tps XiO® of Elekta Medical Systems. For this purpose, were analyzed the dose distribution parameters for 22 radiotherapy plans performed in a private radiotherapy clinic: 1 patient with cerebral metastasis, 3 patients with head and neck tumors, 9 with breast cancer and 9 with prostate tumors . The influence of the heterogeneity of the irradiated tissue was also quantified through the XiO heterogeneity correction methods. Regardless of the correction of tissue heterogeneity, the Convolution algorithm tended to, in general, underestimate the dose in the PTV when compared to the other two dose calculation algorithms. No significant differences were observed in the radiation dose values calculated for the PTV, determined with the other two algorithms, however, the Superposition method provides a slight reduction of computational processing time. This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the systematics of TPS XiO calculation and thus, to benefit the users of the computerized planning during the analysis of the quality indicators of the treatment plan. / empresa privada

Contemporary towns and cities in developing countries are faced with myriads of challenges. And, scholars have been suggesting various approaches, methods and tools to improve local resilience against these challenges. Some of the approaches and movements that proliferated recently in urban studies are Urban Metabolism, Sustainable Spatial Planning, the specified resilience approach, and the circular economy. Although these movements played an important role in improving local resilience and sustainability in the western world, their impacts on towns and cities of the developing world remains minimal. This is mainly because these movements were conceived and born in western countries and most of them are targeted at solving their own local problems. So, there is a very strong need to contextualize and modify them so that they fit into the existing local conditions in towns and cities of developing countries. In addition, lack of institutions and usable data makes it very difficult to undertake similar studies in countries like Ethiopia. That is why contextualizing these movements and searching resource efficient paths to local resilience and sustainability have become important tasks in recent years. In addition, developing a methodology that helps to operationlize and spatialize these concepts (resilience and sustainability - concepts usually criticized for being too general and normative) is also very crucial.This research, therefore, developed a robust diagnostic and analytical tool to study the nexus between major challenges (in small towns) and their impact on local resilience and sustainability in Ethiopia. The urban metabolism approach is mainly used (as a tool) to understand the nature of these challenges and to diagnose resilience in small towns. It specifically focuses on the flow food and housing construction materials (the two most stressed flows) in the case towns. These case towns are selected to represent the two ends of the sustainable town planning continuum in Ethiopia (Amdework is an organically growing old town and BuraNEST is a new planned town based on principles of sustainability). This research is mainly conducted at three stages: at regional level, at local level and at sub-system level. The first task done to achieve this objective is, therefore, characterization of the role of the case town in the regional urban system. This is done mainly using the urban metabolism approach. The deployment of this tool helped the researcher to pinpoint weak links, unsustainable flows, and vulnerable paths that simultaneously impact local resilience and sustainability in the case towns. This preliminary exploratory research clearly indicated the role of the town in the regional urban system and revealed the two most stressed (but important) sub-systems in the localities: the food and the housing sub-systems.Following this preliminary finding, the research has been narrowed down to the aforementioned two most stressed sub-systems. The food sub-system is first studied using the urban metabolism and the 'specified resilience' approaches. The research adopts a tri-tiered method (resilience at the source, resilience in the chain and resilience in consumption) to investigate local food resilience and metabolism and their relationship with the spatial configuration of the case town. The deployment of this method helps to operationalize and reduce the normative content of the concept (of resilience). This study reveals that urban agriculture is a highly marginalized agenda at all the three stages. Furthermore, the research investigates various bottom-up informal initiatives in the case town and other innovative planning endeavors (such as the planning of BuraNEST) that are aimed at improving sustainability and resilience in the food sub-system. The other focus area of the research is the housing sub-system. The urban metabolism approach, again, is primarily used to characterize, map and quantify the flow of materials used in the construction of residential houses in the town. The research developed a new bottom-up data generation technique to undertake this analysis. This method dominantly relied on estimations and conversions (of traditional measurements to the metric system) to get quantified data that was finally used as an input to develop metabolic models. Models (Sankeys) developed in this research reveal that the vast majority of inputs used in the construction are sourced locally. However, certain recent worrisome trends challenging sustainability have been observed in the housing sub-system due to the increased tendency of transporting important construction inputs from distant sources (mainly due to local construction regulations). The research, on the other hand, found that housing in BuraNEST, a town claimed to have been planned based on principles of sustainability, is more reliant on local sources and recognizes local needs and challenges. However, there are some critical pending questions (related with governance and affordability) that need to be addressed to improve sustainability in the housing sub-system in the long-run. Lastly, the research also investigates planning system challenges in small towns of Ethiopia. This is done mainly because many of the challenges found in the previous two analyses point to the presence of certain systemic problems in the policies, laws and manuals used in the planning of small town of Ethiopia. Such disorientations obviously negatively impact local resilience and sustainability in the long-run. Various definitions, wordings, phrases, and criteria identified in the federal planning law and manual were found to be on a direct collision course with principles of sustainability in many instances. By doing these, this research, therefore, systematically analyzed how the nexus between population pressure, resource flows and planning system challenges impact local resilience and sustainability (in the food and housing sub-systems) in small towns of Ethiopia. More importantly, it successfully spatialized and operationalized critical concepts such as urban resilience and sustainability using a new bottom-up approach. Clarity of the methodology vividly spells out the starting point when dealing with such important topics. This research can, therefore, serve as an important material to other researchers who are interested to study issues related to urban resilience and metabolism in small towns of developing countries. It clearly shows how the urban metabolism (as a tool) can be deployed to diagnose resilience in specific systems and sub-systems of towns and cities. It also provides a step-by-step procedure on how to generate data in data poor contexts and build metabolic models that can be used to study resilience in urban areas. / Les villes contemporaines des pays en développement sont confrontées à une multitude de défis. Les chercheurs ont suggéré diverses approches, méthodes et outils pour améliorer la résilience locale face à ces défis et parmi les approches qui ont proliféré récemment dans les études urbaines, nous pouvons citer le Métabolisme Urbain, l’urbanisme durable, l'approche de la Résilience Spécifiée et l'économie Circulaire. Bien que ces mouvements et ces outils aient joué un rôle important dans l'amélioration de la résilience et de la durabilité locales dans le monde occidental, leur application et leur impact sur les villes des pays en développement sont négligeables. Cela est principalement dû au fait que ces mouvements ont été conçus et sont nés dans les pays occidentaux et que, par conséquent, la plupart d'entre eux visent à résoudre des problèmes qui leur sont propres. Il existe donc un besoin important de contextualiser et d'adapter ces outils, mouvements et méthodologies pour étudier, comprendre et résoudre les problèmes des villes du monde en développement. En outre, le manque d'institutions et de données utilisables rend difficile la réalisation d'études similaires dans des pays comme l'Éthiopie. La recherche de chemins efficaces pour la résilience et la durabilité locale est donc une tâche difficile dans les pays en développement. De plus, il est très important de développer une méthodologie qui aide à opérationnaliser et à spatialiser ces concepts (résilience et durabilité, des concepts généralement critiqués pour être trop généraux et normatifs).Cette recherche a donc permis de mettre au point un solide outil de diagnostic et d'analyse pour étudier le lien entre les principaux défis et leur impact sur la résilience et la durabilité locale dans les petites villes d'Éthiopie. L'approche du métabolisme urbain est principalement utilisée pour comprendre la nature des défis urbains et diagnostiquer la résilience dans les villes concernées. Cette approche se concentre spécifiquement sur les flux des deux sous-systèmes les plus sollicités :les flux de nourriture et de matériaux de construction de logements. Les deux villes étudiées sont sélectionnées pour représenter les deux extrêmes du continuum de la planification urbaine durable en Éthiopie :une nouvelle ville planifiée (BuraNEST) et une vieille ville à croissance organique (Amdework). Cette recherche est organisée selon trois échelles :au niveau régional, au niveau local et au niveau des sous-systèmes. La première tâche effectuée pour atteindre cet objectif a donc été de caractériser le rôle de la ville prise comme cas d’étude dans le système urbain régional, en s’appuyant sur l'approche du métabolisme urbain. Le déploiement de cet outil a permis d'identifier les trajectoires non durables, les flux vulnérables et les activités qui ont simultanément un impact sur la résilience locale et sur la durabilité des villes étudiées. Cette recherche exploratoire préliminaire a clairement souligné le rôle de la ville dans le système urbain régional et a révélé deux sous-systèmes particulièrement sous tension: les sous-systèmes de l'alimentation et du logement.Suite à cette première constatation, la recherche se concentre sur ces deux sous-systèmes. Le sous-système alimentaire est d'abord étudié en utilisant le métabolisme urbain et les approches de « résilience spécifiée ». La recherche adopte une méthode suivant trois niveaux (résilience à la source, résilience dans la chaîne et résilience dans la consommation) pour étudier la résilience alimentaire locale et sa relation avec la configuration spatiale urbaine. Le déploiement de cette méthode permet d’opérationnaliser et de réduire le contenu normatif du concept de résilience. La recherche révéle que l'agriculture urbaine est un programme très marginalisé aux trois stades du métabolisme alimentaire. En outre, la recherche examine diverses initiatives informelles ascendantes dans la ville en question et d'autres initiatives de planification innovantes (telles que la planification de BuraNEST) qui visent à améliorer la durabilité et la résilience du sous-système alimentaire.Le second domaine d'étude de la recherche concerne le sous-système du logement. L'approche du métabolisme urbain est utilisée pour caractériser, cartographier et quantifier le flux de matériaux utilisés dans la construction des bâtiments résidentielles. La recherche développe une nouvelle technique de génération de données ascendantes pour entreprendre cette analyse. Cette méthode repose principalement sur de nombreuses estimations et conversions (des mesures traditionnelles vers le système métrique) pour obtenir des données quantifiées qui peuvent être utilisées comme intrants pour développer des modèles métaboliques. Les modèles (Sankeys) développés dans le cadre de cette recherche ont révélé que la grande majorité des matériaux intrants utilisés dans la construction proviennent de sources locales. Cependant, certaines tendances récentes inquiétantes remettant en cause la durabilité ont été observées dans le sous-système de logement en raison de la tendance croissante à importer d'importants éléments de construction provenant de sources éloignées (principalement en raison des réglementations locales en matière de construction). D'autre part, la recherche a révélé que les logements de BuraNEST, une ville qui déclare avoir été planifiée sur la base des principes de durabilité, dépendent davantage des ressources locales et considèrent les besoins et défis locaux. Cependant, le programme de logement de BuraNEST suscite d'importantes préoccupations en raison de la présence de quelques enjeux la gouvernance et l’économie de la construction des maisons, qui peuvent menacer la durabilité du programme à long terme. Enfin, la recherche s'est également penchée sur les problèmes liés au système de planification dans les petites villes d'Éthiopie. Cela est principalement dû au fait que de nombreuses questions relevées dans les deux analyses précédentes indiquent la présence de certains problèmes systémiques dans les politiques, les lois et les manuels utilisés dans la planification des petites villes d'Éthiopie. De telles désorientations ont évidemment un impact négatif sur la résilience et la durabilité locales à long terme. Dans de nombreux cas, diverses définitions, formulations, phrases et critères identifiés dans la loi et les règles de planification fédérale se sont révélés être en conflit direct avec les principes de durabilité.Par conséquent, cette recherche analyse de manière systématique le lien entre la pression démographique, les flux de ressources et les défis du système de planification qui ont un impact sur la résilience et la durabilité des petites villes d'Éthiopie. Plus important encore, cette recherche a réussi à spatialiser et à opérationnaliser des concepts critiques tels que la résilience et la durabilité urbaines en utilisant une nouvelle approche bottom-up. La rigueur de la méthodologie définit clairement le point de départ lorsqu'il s'agit de traiter des sujets aussi importants. Cette recherche peut donc constituer un matériel important pour les chercheurs qui souhaitent étudier les questions liées à la résilience et au métabolisme urbains dans les petites villes des pays en développement. Elle montre clairement comment le métabolisme urbain, en tant qu'outil, peut être déployé pour diagnostiquer la résilience dans les systèmes et sous-systèmes spécifiques des villes. Il fournit également une procédure étape par étape sur la façon de générer des données dans des contextes de manque d’information ,permettant ainsi deconstruire des modèles métaboliques qui peuvent être utilisés pour étudier la résilience dans les zones urbaines. / Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Polytechnique) / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Today's organizations are characterized by digitization, development and growth. A wellimplemented ERP-system that match the processes of an organization can lead to a number of benefits. ERP-implementations and critical success factors are a well-researched area. Nevertheless, a great number of ERP-implementations are still considered as failures, which makes further research around the area considered relevant. This study aims to investigate what is critically related to important success factors in implementing ERP-systems. The study began with a literature study in which 15 scientific articles were reviewed, of which 69 success factors were identified. Of those, the six most common were selected as the basis for this study. In order to answer the purpose of this study, interviews were conducted with project managers who had a lot of experience from ERP-implementations. Using the results from these, as well as the collected theory, comparisons have been made between them. This, in turn, has resulted in a finding that communication is a key part of the entire ERP implementation and in all the critical success factors investigated in this study. Hence, the interaction between supplier and customer is seen as critical in ERP implementations, so they understand each other, have shared expectations and a realistic commitment to ERP implementation.

The radiotherapy clinics in Sweden have been without a functioning national platform consisting of dose data from patients undergoing radiotherapy. A national collaboration between clinics will improve the quality of radiotherapy since clinics will be able to compare dose data from treatment plans between clinics. It will also help and improve future researches in radiotherapy. A new national quality registry for radiotherapy in Sweden is under development and is located on the INCA platform. The aim of this study is to do a quality assurance of the INCA registry. The data stored in the registry are calculated from the treatment plans stored locally at the clinics. The quality assurance of the registry is done by creating a program run by Python code and by using Streamlit as the graphical user interface. The program takes dose and volume data from the dose volume histograms located in treatment plans from the INCA database and compares it with the dose and volume data from the local clinics' treatment planning system. The different treatment planning systems considered in the program are Oncentra(Elekta, Sweden), Eclipse(Varian, U.S.), RayStation(RaySearch Laboratories, Sweden) and Monaco(Electa, Sweden). The compared absorbed doses are the dose to 99% of the structure volume(D99%), D98%, D50%, D2% and D1%. The program generates how much the INCA data differs from the TPS data in percent and is named QARS(Quality Assurance of the Radiotherapy Database in Sweden). A verification of the created program and a preliminary evaluation is done on a limited dataset containing three patient groups(prostate patients, lung patients and head and neck patients) with five patients in each group. The dataset is run through the program with patient data from both Oncentra and Eclipse. The result indicates that all the near-maximum doses, D2% and D1% in INCA are very close to their corresponding TPS dose. There is a more noticeable difference in the near-minimum doses, D99% and D98% but also for some D50% where the difference seems to increase in larger structure volumes with very low doses and in very small structure volumes, smaller than 0.01 cm3. It is compared how well INCA agrees with Oncentra and Eclipse respectively and it is clear that Eclipse has a smaller difference to INCA than Oncentra for structures with very small volumes and larger structures with low doses. To summarise the study, it generates a program for quality assurance of the national quality registry for radiotherapy in Sweden which hopefully can help improve the quality of radiotherapy and help future researches in the field.