Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2015. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-01-21T17:34:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_TatianaDumkedaSilva.pdf: 5255303 bytes, checksum: 711a82519c1ecf8f130180a526c85efe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-04-05T21:35:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_TatianaDumkedaSilva.pdf: 5255303 bytes, checksum: 711a82519c1ecf8f130180a526c85efe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-05T21:35:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_TatianaDumkedaSilva.pdf: 5255303 bytes, checksum: 711a82519c1ecf8f130180a526c85efe (MD5) / O crescimento populacional acelerado e desordenado nos grandes centros urbanos tem sinalizado para um possível aumento na demanda dos sistemas de saneamento das cidades. Esse fato pode alterar a qualidade da água dos corpos hídricos receptores de efluentes. Essa realidade apresenta-se no eixo sudoeste do Distrito Federal e de seu Entorno, caracterizado por grande concentração populacional e altas taxas de crescimento populacional. Diante disso, o presente trabalho buscou avaliar o impacto do crescimento populacional na qualidade da água dos Rios Melchior e Descoberto, sendo esse último um afluente do reservatório Corumbá IV, que será futuramente utilizado como fonte de abastecimento de água. Para isso foi utilizada a integração do modelo de qualidade da água QUAL2K com o sistema de apoio à decisão Water Evaluation and Planning-WEAP criando-se diversos cenários relacionados ao crescimento populacional e alterações no processo operacional das estações de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) da região. Inicialmente desenvolveu-se a planilha do QUAL2K, e após a sua calibração, foi integrada ao WEAP para fazer as iterações para simular os cenários futuros. A principal vantagem dessa integração é obter melhores resultados para as simulações por meio do QUAL2K. Entretanto, ocorrem algumas perdas de informações pelo WEAP com a integração do modelo de qualidade da água. Foram simulados 4 cenários futuros simulados de 2010 a 2030. Todos os cenários indicaram diminuição na concentração de OD e aumento na de DBO no rio Descoberto, após a confluência com o rio Melchior, como era de se esperar. Os resultados dos diferentes cenários sugeriram que para garantir a conservação da qualidade da água do rio Descoberto e no lago Corumbá IV frente ao processo de adensamento populacional na região sudoeste do DF é importante ajustar os níveis de tratamento terciário das ETEs da região para patamares mais elevados, em torno de 95% de remoção de DBO. / The rapid and disordered population growth in urban centers has signaled for a increase in demand on sanitation systems of cities. This may change the water quality of water bodies effluent receivers. This reality can be seen in the southwest axle of the Federal District and its surrounding areas, characterized by high population concentration as well as high rates of population growth. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of population growth on water quality of water bodies receiving effluent and trainers of the Corumba IV reservoir, which will be used in future as a water supply. It was made the integration of QUAL2K water quality model with the support system decision Water Evaluation and Planning-WEAP creating various scenarios related to population growth and changes in the operating process of sewage treatment plants (WWTP) of that region. Initially, the spreadsheet QUAL2K was developed, and after calibration, it was integrated into the WEAP to make iterations to simulate future scenarios. The main advantage of this integration was to get better results for the simulations through QUAL2K.However, there is some loss of information by WEAP with the integration of water quality model. Four scenarios were simulated between 2010 and 2030. All scenarios indicated that concentration of OD decreases and BOD concentration increases in the Descoberto, after the confluence with the river Melchior, as it was to be expected. The results of the different scenarios suggested that to ensure the conservation of the water quality of river Descoberto and Lake Corumbá IV, in relation with the population density process in the region southwest of DF, it is important to adjust the levels of treatment of wastewater treatment in the region to higher levels, around 95% of BOD removal.

The main objectives of this thesis are analysis of change in inventory management system in the selected company and propose measures to reduce the financial capital tied up in inventories and an increase of the service level. Several recommendations that could lead to optimization of inventory, while maintaining or even improving the service level were generated based on the analysis.

The dissertation clearly outlines the concept of Controlling, analyses and reviews the state of controlling system in the company agriKomp Bohemia s. r. o. Based on analysis evaluation, it suggests options of improving the quality of the current system, together with schemes to implement a system of plans.

Businesses are faced with an ever-changing environment of technology, one of these recurring changes is in the field of Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Technologies such as business intelligence (BI), machine learning (ML) and internet of things (IoT), which are driving forces in shaping the next generation of ERP systems. These improved ERP systems can better support a company compared to a traditional ERP system. This thesis has examined what constitutes an intelligent-ERP and what possibilities it presents from a business perspective. To answer this question, a qualitative study approach was chosen by conducting interviews with professionals within the BI and ERP systems field. The interviews were structured in a loose fashioned way, aiming for a holistic perspective of the I-ERP systems phenomenon. This bachelor thesis transpired to show that I-ERP systems do improve business performance for companies that exhibit the needs. However, there occurred differences in the perception of the definition of how I-ERP systems should be defined between the participants and the literature.

L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de développer et optimiser les algorithmes caractérisant les propriétés physiques et biologiques des mini-faisceaux de protons pour la réalisation des traitements avec modulation d'intensité. Un modèle basé sur la superposition et décomposition des mini-faisceaux en faisceaux élémentaires a été utilisé. Un nouveau modèle de description des mini-faisceaux primaires a été développé à partir de la sommation de trois fonctions gaussiennes. Les algorithmes ont été intégrés dans un logiciel de planification de traitement, puis validés expérimentalement et par comparaison avec des simulations Monte Carlo. Des approximations ont été réalisées et validées afin de réduire les temps de calcul en vue d'une utilisation clinique. Dans un deuxième temps, un travail en collaboration avec les équipes de radiobiologie de l'institut Curie a été réalisé afin d'introduire des résultats radiobiologiques dans l'optimisation biologique des plans de traitement. En effet, les faisceaux balayés sont délivrés avec des débits de dose très élevés (de 10 à 100 Gy/s) et de façon discontinue, et l'efficacité biologique des protons est encore relativement méconnue vue la diversité d'utilisation de ces faisceaux : les différents modèles disponibles et notamment leur dépendance avec le transfert d'énergie linéique ont été étudiés. De bons accords (écarts inférieurs à 3 % et 2 mm) ont été obtenus entre calculs et mesures de dose. Un protocole d'expérimentation pour caractériser les effets des hauts débits pulsés a été mis en place et les premiers résultats obtenus sur une lignée cellulaire suggèrent des variations d'efficacité biologique inférieures à 10 %, avec toutefois de larges incertitudes. / The main objective of this thesis is to develop and optimize algorithms for intensity modulated proton therapy, taking into account the physical and biological pencil beam properties. A model based on the summation and fluence weighted division of the pencil beams has been used. A new parameterization of the lateral dose distribution has been developed using a combination of three Gaussian functions. The algorithms have been implemented into a treatment planning system, then experimentally validated and compared with Monte Carlo simulations. Some approximations have been made and validated in order to achieve reasonable calculation times for clinical purposes. In a second phase, a collaboration with Institut Curie radiobiological teams has been started in order to implement radiobiological parameters and results into the optimization loop of the treatment planning process. Indeed, scanned pencil beams are pulsed and delivered at high dose rates (from 10 to 100 Gy/s), and the relative biological efficiency of protons is still relatively unknown given the wide diversity of use of these beams: the different models available and their dependence with linear energy transfers have been studied. A good agreement between dose calculations and measurements (deviations lower than 3 % and 2 mm) has been obtained. An experimental protocol has been set in order to qualify pulsed high dose rate effects and preliminary results obtained on one cell line suggested variations of the biological efficiency up to 10 %, though with large uncertainties.

Studien undersökte vilka centrala designprinciper inom ärendehantering och tidsplanering som kan appliceras vid utveckling av ett anpassat ERP-system (Enterprise Resource Planning system) inom SMF:er (Små och Medelstora Företag). Anpassning av ERP-system inom SMF:er är ett komplext område med många komplikationer vilket gör det till en problemklass. Två SMF:er som upplever problem med ärendehantering och tidsplanering var involverade i studien och användes som grund för att utveckla ett anpassat ERP-system. Ett antal wicked problems identifierades utifrån de problemområden som företagen upplevde. Undersökningen utfördes genom en ADR (Action Design Research) forskningsansats med kvalitativ insamlad data under en nio veckor lång period, där fem iterationer av utveckling och utvärdering utfördes med en veckas tidsspann var. Studien resulterade i ett anpassat ERP-system som inkluderar ärendehantering och tidsplanering med en god system-till-arbete passform inom företagen. Sex designprinciper utvecklades under ADR-arbetet och fastställdes när systemet var fullt fungerande och godkänt av involverade företag. Designprinciperna besvarade de identifierade wicked problems och kan användas av andra vid anpassning av ERP-system inom SMF:er / The study examined which central design principles in case management and time planning can be applied in the development of a customized ERP system (Enterprise Resource Planning system) within SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprises). Customization of ERP systems within SMEs is a complex field with many complications which makes it a problem class. Two SMEs experiencing problems with case management and planning were involved in the study and were used as a basis for developing a custom ERP system. Several wicked problems were identified based on the problem areas that the companies experienced. The study was conducted through an ADR (Action Design Research) approach with qualitative collected data over a nine-week period, where five iterations of development and evaluation were performed with a time span of one week each. The study resulted in a custom ERP system that includes case management and time planning with a good system-to-work fit within the companies. Six design principles were developed during the ADR work and established when the system was fully functional and approved by the involved companies. The design principles answered the identified wicked problems and can be used by others when adapting ERP systems within SMEs.

A patient specific image planning system (IPS) was developed that can be used to assist in kV imaging technique selection during localization for radiotherapy. The IPS algorithm performs a divergent ray-trace through a three dimensional computed tomography (CT) data set. Energy-specific attenuation through each voxel of the CT data set is calculated and imaging detector response is integrated into the algorithm to determine the absolute values of pixel intensity and image contrast. Phantom testing demonstrated that image contrast resulting from under exposure, over exposure as well as a contrast plateau can be predicted by use of a prospective image planning algorithm. Phantom data suggest the potential for reducing imaging dose by selecting a high kVp without loss of image contrast. In the clinic, image acquisition parameters can be predicted using the IPS that reduce patient dose without loss of useful image contrast.

Background and purpose: Historically HDR brachytherapy treatment planning systems ignore the transit dose in the computation of patient dose. However, the total radiation dose delivered during each treatment cycle is equal to the sum of the static dose and the transit dose and every HDR application therefore results in two radiation doses. Consequently, the absorbed dose to the target volume is more than the prescribed dose as computed during treatment planning. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of the transit dose component of two 192Ir HDR brachytherapy units and assess its dosimetric significance. Materials and Methods: Ionization chamber dosimetry systems (well-type and Farmertype ionization chambers) were used to measure the charge generated during the transit of the 192Ir source from a GammaMed and a Nucletron MicroSelectron HDR afterloader using single catheters of lengths 120 cm. Different source configurations were used for the measurements of integrated charge. Two analysis techniques were used for transit time determination: the multiple exposure technique and the graphical solution of zero exposure. The transit time was measured for the total transit of the radioactive source into (entry) and out of (exit) the catheters. Results: A maximum source transit time of 1.7 s was measured. The transit dose depends on the source activity, source configuration, number of treatment fractions, prescription dose and the type of remote afterloader used. It does not depend on the measurement technique, measurement distance or the analysis technique used for transit time determination. Conclusion: A finite transit time increases the radiation dose beyond that due to the programmed source dwell time alone. The significance of the transit dose would increase with a decrease in source dwell time or a higher activity source.

Over the years many organizations have implemented an enterprise system (ES), also called enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, to streamline the flow of information and improve organizational effectiveness to produce business benefits which justify the ES investment. The effectiveness of these systems to achieve benefits is an area being proactively researched by both professionals and academia. However, most of these studies focus on ‘what ESs do’ rather than ‘how ESs do it’. The purpose of this study is to better understand how organizations derive benefits from utilization of an ES and its data. This study utilizes a transformational model of how ES data are transformed into knowledge and results to evaluate the impact of ES information on organizational functions and processes and how this can lead to business benefits. The linkage between expected outcomes, utilization of ES data in decision-making processes, and realized or unrealized benefits provides the reason for this study. Findings reveal that the key benefits commercial firms seek from an ES include improving information flow and visibility, integration and automation of functions, cost reductions by reducing inventory, and achieving process efficiencies for both internal and external operations. The various tools and methods businesses use for transforming ES data into knowledge include the use of data warehouses and business intelligence modules that assist in extraction and manipulation of data, and reporting on particular data objects. Web portals are actively utilized to collaborate between stakeholders and access real-time information. Business tools such as KPI reporting, balanced scorecards and dashboards are used to track progress towards realizing benefits and establishing analytical decision making. Findings emphasize that benefit realization from an ES implementation is a holistic process that not only includes the essential data and technology factors, but also includes other factors such as business strategy deployment, people and process management, and skills and competency development. Findings reveal that business organizations generally lack in producing value assessments that often lead to weak business cases and insufficient benefit models which cannot be used for benefit tracking. However, these organizations are now realizing that it is not enough to put in an ES and expect an automatic improvement. Organizations are now establishing analytical and knowledge-leveraging processes to optimize and realize business value from their ES investment.

Utveckling av planeringssystem är ett komplext designproblem som kräver både en hög grad av flexibilitet men även struktur. I samband med planering är det ett flertal aktörer, aktiviteter och resurser som måste beaktas. Kunnandet när det gäller planering finns ofta koncentrerad till ett fåtal nyckelpersoner. Det är därför ingen tillfällighet att många företag, organisationer och även universitet idag bedriver sin planering i beprövade enanvändarsystem som Excel fast att det finns starkt behov för standardiserat fleranvändarsystem. Uppsala universitet är inget undantag trots dess storlek med över 40 000 studenter, 6 200 anställda, 130 utbildningsprogram och 2000 fristående kurser. Kursplaneringen bedrivs med hjälp av enanvändarsystem där man är beroende av ett antal nyckelpersoner för att planeringen skall fungera. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka och belysa den problematik som finns i samband med utveckling av planeringssystem genom att utveckla en prototyp för ett kursplaneringssystem. Den forskningsstrategi som används är Design Science och den utvecklingsmetodik som används är Scrum. Prototypen har utvärderats regelbundet under utvecklingen genom formativ utvärdering. Uppsatsens kunskapsbidrag utgörs av metodkunskap som visar hur Scrum och Design Science kan kombineras samt modellkunskap som visar den grundläggande strukturen för ett kursplaneringssystem. / Development of planning system is a complex design problem that requires both a high degree of flexibility but also structure. In the context of planning, there are several actors, activities and resources that must be considered. Expertise in planning is often concentrated in a few key individuals. It is therefore no coincidence that many businesses, organizations and even universities currently conducts its planning in proven single-user system like Excel even though there is a strong need for standardized multi-user system. Uppsala University is no exception, despite its size, with over 40,000 students, 6,200 employees, 130 programs and 2000 courses. Course planning is conducted using single-user system and which is dependent on a number of key individuals to plan to work. The essay aims to investigate and illustrate the problems that are associated with the development of the planning system by developing a prototype of a course scheduling system. The research strategy used is Design Science and the development methodology that is used is Scrum. The prototype has been evaluated regularly during development through formative evaluation. The essays knowledge contribution is methodological knowledge that shows both how Scrum and Design Science can be combined and model knowledge, which shows the basic structure of a course scheduling system.