Orientador: Antonia Dalla Pria Bankoff / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T02:53:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Schmidt_Ademir_D.pdf: 56451276 bytes, checksum: 5b096a2973998a3ce6ed8b83c8ddc707 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: As corridas de longa distância, sejam de caráter competitivo ou de promoção da saúde, geram cargas compressivas consideráveis no sistema locomotor. Essas cargas, se não adequadamente distribuídas, predispõem os praticantes a lesões crônicas e agudas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a distribuição da pressão plantar e do equilíbrio corporal em corredores de longa distância. Participaram do estudo 17 corredores de longa distância do sexo masculino com idade X = 28,5 :t 9,5 anos, peso X = 63,6 :t 6,9 Kg e altura X = 173,5 :t 7,0 cm. A seleção dos sujeitos foi feita segundo critérios de acessibilidade. Para o estudo da distribuição da pressão plantar e do equiHbrio corporal, foi utilizado um baropodômetro eletrônico para realizar uma análise estática, dinâmica (andando e correndo) e uma análise estabilométrica. Os três testes foram realizados com os corredores inicialmente descalços e posteriormente utilizando seu tênis de corrida. Além da análise baropodométrica, os sujeitos responderam um questionário contendo 23 perguntas sobre sua rotina de treino, índice de lesões sofridas, distância percorrida semanalmente, dentre outras. Na análise estatística utilizou-se o teste paramétrico t-Student para grupos independentes. Os resultados da análise baropodométrica estática dos corredores demonstraram distribuição assimétrica da carga entre os membros inferiores, com maior carga direcionada para a parte anterior do pé direito. A distribuição da pressão plantar revelou maior carga na parte anterior do pé esquerdo nos testes dinâmicos com os corredores descalços, enquanto que nos testes com o calçado esportivo não foram detectadas diferenças significantes. Foi constatado que os corredores avaliados realizam o contato pé-solo predominantemente com a parte anterior do pé. O uso do calçado esportivo não apresentou nenhuma interferência específica nos testes realizados. A oscilação do centro de pressão foi maior nos testes monopodálicos. O estudo do equilíbrio corporal demonstrou significativa dependência do sistema visual e tendência de maior oscilação do centro de pressão no eixo X / Abstract: Long distance running as a competitive way or even to promote health produces considerable compressive load on the locomotor system. If this load is not properly distributed, it makes practitioners prone to chronic and acute injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to study the plantar pressure distribution and body balance in long distance runners. In total 17 male long distance runners were considered for this study with age X = 28.5 :t 9.5, weight X = 63.6 :t 6.9 kg and height X = 173.5 :t 7.0 cm. The selection of individuaIs was done by following accessibility criteria. To perform the study ofthe plantar pressure distribution and body balance an electronic baropodometer was used. The baropodometric tests comprised a static, a dynamic (walking and running) and a stabilometric analysis. All tests were performed initially barefoot and afterwards with the runners wearing their running shoes. The individuaIs also responded to a 23 question survey about their practice routine, injury incidence, distance performed during the week and so forth. A parametric t-Student test for independent groups was used for the statistic analysis. The results of the static baropodometric analysis showed asymmetric pressure distribution between the lower extremities, with greater pressure directed to the right forefoot. The plantar pressure distribution reveled grater load directed to the left forefoot in the dynamic tests performed with the sport running shoes, meanwhile no significant differences were detected in the barefoot tests. The results also demonstrated that the runners evaluated in this study were predominantly forefoot strikers. The running shoes did not show any specific influence on the tests results. Oscillation of the center of pressure was greater in the unilateral tests. The body balance study revealed significant visual system dependence and a tendency of greater oscillations ofthe center ofpressure on the X-axis / Doutorado / Ciencia do Desporto / Doutor em Educação Física

O objetivo desse estudo é: (a) verificar o efeito do desgaste do calçado na Força de Reação do Solo (FRS) e na distribuição de pressão plantar e (b) verificar a influência do desgaste em calçados de diferentes destinações de uso. Três sujeitos participaram desse estudo, usando cada um quatro calçados de corrida, sendo dois de treinamento (T1 e T2) e dois de competição (C1 e C2). Os calçados foram submetidos ao uso correspondente a 300km. As coletas de dados foram feitas, com o calçado novo e após 100, 200 e 300km de uso, utilizando o sistema Gaitway e o sistema F-Scan. Nos calçados novos, na FRS, a Taxa de Crescimento1 (TC1) foi significativamente maior no calçado C2, do que nos calçados C1 e T2. Na distribuição de pressão plantar, pequena diferença foi observada na Área total (AT) e nos picos de pressão, entre os calçados. Na influência do desgaste nos resultados de grupo, na FRS, o TC1 apresentou valores semelhantes entre as condições Novo e 300km, portanto o choque mecânico não se alterou. Na fase ativa da FRS, oscilações pequenas foram observadas e atribuídas a possíveis variações naturais do movimento, conforme descrito por SERRÃO (1999) e WINTER (1991). Na distribuição de pressão, a AT apresentou um aumento significativo da condição Novo, para as demais condições de uso. O aumento da área foi atribuído à possível compactação do calçado, sendo que essa alteração justificaria a crença de que o calçado novo precise ser amaciado. Entre os picos de pressão analisados, apenas o Pico de Pressão do Antepé (PPA) apresentou diminuição significativa nos valores, da condição Novo para os 300km. Observou-se que após o desgaste imposto, o estresse mecânico se manteve ou se apresentou menor que nas condições iniciais. Na análise da influência do desgaste nos diferentes calçados, para TC1, as diferenças que inicialmente eram significativas tornaram-se não significativas, a partir dos 200km, entre os calçados C1, C2 e T2. Os parâmetros da fase ativa foram pouco influenciados, porém influenciados de forma distinta pelo desgaste, nos calçados analisados. Na distribuição de pressão plantar, a área de contato foi influenciada de forma distinta em cada calçado. Nos picos de pressão plantar, grandes variações foram observadas, porém não atribuíveis ao desgaste promovido no calçado. Conclui-se que o desgaste, correspondente a 300km, pouco alterou o choque mecânico e o estresse mecânico nos calçados analisados. Por meio da destinação de uso, não é possível prever a resposta de calçados de treinamento e de competição ao indivíduo, nem supor que a durabilidade do calçado de competição seja menor do que a do calçado de treinamento / The objective of this study is: (a) to verify the effect of footwear usage on the Ground Reaction Force (GRF) and on the Plantar Pressure Distribution and (b) to verify the influence of usage in footwear of different destinations of use. Three subjects had participated of this study, each one received four running shoes, two of them are designated for training regimen (T1 and T2) and two of them for competition (C1 and C2). The footwears were used for 300km. The data collections were made in four different moments, with new footwear and after 100, 200 and 300km of use, using the Gaitway system and the F-Scan system. When footwear was new, the Loading Rate1 (LR1) was significantly higher in footwear C2, than in the footwears C1 and T2. Analyzing plantar pressure distribution, small differences were observed in the Total Contact Area (TCA) and in the peak of pressure, between the footwears. In the analysis of the different usage stages, the LR1 presented similar values between the conditions New and 300km, therefore the mechanical shock did not enhanced. In the active phase of the GRF, small oscillations were observed and attributed to the possible natural variations of the movement itself, as described before by SERRÃO (1999) and WINTER (1991). In pressure distribution, the TCA showed a significant increase from the New condition, for the other conditions of use. The increase of contact area was attributed to the possible compactation of the footwear?s material, if so this would justify the belief that the new footwear needs to be softened. Considering all peak pressure variables, only Forefoot Peak Pressure (FPP) presented significant reduction in its values, from the New condition for 300km. Therefore it could be assumed that after corresponding usage of 300km, the mechanical stress remained the same or decreased compared with the earlier conditions of use. The shoes of different destinations when analyzed through the conditions, showed that the differences for LR1 that initially were significant had become not significant, from 200km, between the footwear C1, C2 and T2. In the pressure peaks plantar, great variations had been observed, however not attributable to the usage. The conclusion is that usage, correspondent 300km, has little effect on mechanical shock and on mechanical stress on the footwear analyzed in this study. By means of the use destination, it is not possible to foresee the answer of footwear to the individual, nor to assume that the durability of the footwear are worse in competition shoes than in training shoes

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第23122号 / 人健博第84号 / 新制||人健||6(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 黒木 裕士, 教授 青山 朋樹, 教授 松田 秀一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

Context: Obesity is a growing global health concern. The increased body mass and altered mass distribution associated with obesity may be related to increases in plantar shear that putatively leads to physical functional deficits. Therefore, measurement of plantar shear may provide unique insights on the effects of body mass and body distribution on physical function or performance. Purpose: 1) To investigate the effects of body mass and distribution on plantar shear; 2) To examine how altered plantar shear influences postural control and gait kinetics. Hypothesis: 1) a weighted vest forward distributed (FV) would shift the center of pressure (CoP) location forward during standing compared with a weighted vest evenly distributed (EV); 2) FV would increase plantar shear spreading forces more than EV during standing; 3) FV would increase postural sway during standing while EV would not; and 4) FV would increase peak braking force, plantar impulses, and plantar shear spreading forces during walking more than EV. Methods: Twenty healthy young males participated in four different tests: 1) static test (for measuring plantar shear and CoP location without acceleration; 2) two-leg standing postural control test; 3) one-leg standing postural test; and 4) walking test. All tests were executed in three different weight conditions: 1) unweighted (NV); 2) evenly distributed vest (EV) with 20% added body mass; and 3) front-loaded vest (FV), also with 20% added body mass. Plantar shear stresses were measured using a pressure/shear device, and several shear and postural control metrics were extracted. Repeated measures ANOVAs with Holms post hoc test were used to compare each metric among the three conditions (α = 0.05). Results: FV and EV increased both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral plantar shear forces in single-foot trials compared to NV. FV shifted CoP forward. FV and EV showed decreased CoP range and velocity and increased time-to-boundary (TTB) during postural control compared to NV. While EV increased medial-lateral plantar shear spreading force, FV increased anterior-posterior plantar shear spreading force during walking. Conclusion: Added body mass increases plantar shear spreading forces. Body mass distribution had greater effects during dynamic tasks. In addition, healthy young individuals seem to quickly adapt to external stimuli to control postural stability. However, the interactive effects between body mass and distribution may disrupt physical function and/or performance in other populations—such as elderly, obese, and diabetes. Plantar shear may play a critical role in clinical diagnosis. However, as it is the first step study, follow-up studies are necessary to further support the clinical role of plantar shear.

PF is one of the most common foot and ankle problems. People with PF experience mild to severe pain that interferes moderately with activities of daily living (ADL). Due to chronic pain that interferes with ADL, people with PF often use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and/or acetaminophen. These medications alleviate pain but cannot eliminate it. Additionally, with chronic use, these medications can cause well-known adverse side effects. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of Korean Hand Therapy (KHT) in (1) treating the pain experienced in patients with plantar fasciitis (PF), (2) evaluating its impact on functionality, and (3) assessing participants' self-adherence to treatment. A pre-post mixed methods pilot study was conducted with 28 participants. Baseline measures included a demographic questionnaire, height and weight, a 10-point pain scale, the foot function index (FFI), and measurement of the plantar fascia via ultrasound. As a group, participants were taught about KHT and how to self-administer it. Participants then self-administered KHT for four weeks. Three weekly electronic surveys were sent asking participants about their pain and use of KHT. After four weeks, participants returned for final data collection, including a focus group. Baseline measures, except the demographic questionnaire and height and weight, were repeated. Thickness of PF was not correlated with pain at baseline (r = -0.14, p = 0.47). Compared to baseline, pain was significantly reduced after the initial KHT treatment on the first visit (4.875 vs 2.625, p < 0.00) and at the 4-week follow up (4.875 vs 2.528, p < 0.05). On average for all four weeks, participants reported 5.48 (SD 1.50) days of self-guided KHT per week. PF thickness was not significantly reduced at the follow up session at 4 weeks (t =1.16, p = 0.26). FFI scores were significantly improved between baseline and four weeks: Pain (t = 3.80, p < 0.00), Activity Limitation (t = 2.64, p = 0.02), and Disability (t = 4.74, p < 0.00) and overall FFI (t = 4.83, p < 0.00). Findings suggest KHT may reduce pain and increase functionality for people who experience PF. While the sample was small, KHT is low-risk, low-cost, and easily self-administered. Further investigation is needed on the long-term effects of KHT and its ability to generally alleviate all types of pain.

No description available.

no / Leg length discrepancy (LLD) refers to the medical a condition where legs are of different lengths. This condition might affect gait and posture, and may lead to various orthopedic disorders that can have serious repercussions on the individual, be it physiological, psychological, social, economic, or ergonomic. In order to ameliorate the rehabilitation of individuals with LLD, it is imperative to understand the biomechanics of LLD in these individuals. Hence, the current study’s objective is to characterize the plantar pressures of individuals with Leg Length Discrepancy in comparison to those of asymptomatic individuals. This pilot study employs a pedar-x in-shoe pedobarograph system to gather the history of dynamic plantar pressures in one adult male individual with LLD and a representative adult normal volunteer with no diagnosed neurological or musculoskeletal disorders. The obtained results reveal quantifiable differences in the study metrics between the two individuals during walking. These results provide a proof-of-concept for this study, and may serve as diagnostic tools to better rehabilitate individuals with LLD and, thus, provide them with a better quality of life. Future work is to incorporate an extended study of 10 normal individuals versus 10 individuals with LLD, and includes both males and females, as well as both adults and adolescents.

O uso de répteis como modelos experimentais é limitado, principalmente devido às particularidades fisiológicas da classe, como as oscilações diárias e sazonais em seu comportamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade locomotora e nociceptiva de teiús (Salvator merianae) e iguanas-verdes (Iguana iguana) submetidos a testes comportamentais, ao longo do dia e do ano. Foram utilizados seis exemplares de cada espécie, mantidos em sala com temperatura ambiental (24 a 30°C) e fotoperíodo (12h:12h) controlados. Esses foram avaliados ao longo do dia (0:00h, 6:00h, 12:00h, 18:00h) e ao longo do ano (análise mensal). A análise locomotora foi realizada através do teste de campo aberto (teiús e iguanas), no qual o animal foi colocado no centro de uma arena circular por 15 minutos, e recebeu um ponto por cada ultrapassagem pelas subdivisões da mesma; e pelo teste de natação forçada (iguanas), no qual o tempo de atividade foi mensurado em piscina sem saída por 2 minutos. A resposta nociceptiva foi avaliada por meio de mensuração do período de latência do membro em resposta a estímulo nocivo térmico (25 segundos; 245 ± 7 mW/cm2) na superfície plantar do membro do animal. Não foram detectadas oscilações ao longo do ano no teste de campo aberto em nenhuma das espécies. Ao longo do dia, oscilações foram detectadas de Fevereiro a Dezembro em teiús; e em Abril, Maio, Junho e Outubro em iguanas. O tempo de atividade das iguanas foi menor em Janeiro e às 0:00h. Maiores latências de retirada do membro foram observadas nos meses de Maio e Agosto e às 6:00h em ambas espécies. Conclue-se que teiús e iguanas-verdes em ambiente controlado apresentam oscilações significativas em comportamento observado em teste de campo aberto, teste de natação forçada (somente iguanas) e teste plantar, que aparentemente não seguem padrões anuais claros, sendo provavelmente influenciado por fatores múltiplos ainda não compreendidos para as espécies. / The use of reptiles as experimental models is limited due to their physiological particularities, such as daily and annual fluctuations in behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate locomotor and nociceptive activities of tegus (Salvator merianae) and green iguanas (Iguana iguana) throughout the day and the year, when undergoing behavioral tests. Six animals from each species, kept under controlled room temperature (24 to 30°C) and photoperiod (12h:12h), were used. They were evaluated throughout the day (0:00h, 6:00h, 12:00h and 18:00) and the year (monthly). Locomotor activity was measured by the open field test, in which the animal was placed in the center of a round arena for 15 minutes and the number of crossings through the subdivisions of the arena was counted, and by the forced swim test (iguanas), in which the activity period was timed after animals were placed in a pool with no scape for 2 minutes. Nociceptive activity was measured as the latency to limb withdrawal reflex in response to a noxious thermal stimulus (25 seconds, 245 ± 7 mW/cm2) in the plantar surface of the animal\'s limb. No differences were detected in locomotor activity in the open field test throughout the year in both species. Throughout the day, fluctuations were detected from February to December in tegus, and in April, May, June and October in iguanas. Activity period in iguanas were shorter in January and at 0:00h. Longer latencies to withdrawal reflex were detected in May and August and at 6:00h in both species. In conclusion, tegus and green iguanas kept in controlled environment have fluctuations in behavior presented in the open field test, the forced swim (only iguanas) test and the plantar test, which apparently do not follow a clear seasonal pattern and are probably influenced by multiple factors that are still unknown for both species.

O uso de répteis como modelos experimentais é limitado, principalmente devido às particularidades fisiológicas da classe, como as oscilações diárias e sazonais em seu comportamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade locomotora e nociceptiva de teiús (Salvator merianae) e iguanas-verdes (Iguana iguana) submetidos a testes comportamentais, ao longo do dia e do ano. Foram utilizados seis exemplares de cada espécie, mantidos em sala com temperatura ambiental (24 a 30°C) e fotoperíodo (12h:12h) controlados. Esses foram avaliados ao longo do dia (0:00h, 6:00h, 12:00h, 18:00h) e ao longo do ano (análise mensal). A análise locomotora foi realizada através do teste de campo aberto (teiús e iguanas), no qual o animal foi colocado no centro de uma arena circular por 15 minutos, e recebeu um ponto por cada ultrapassagem pelas subdivisões da mesma; e pelo teste de natação forçada (iguanas), no qual o tempo de atividade foi mensurado em piscina sem saída por 2 minutos. A resposta nociceptiva foi avaliada por meio de mensuração do período de latência do membro em resposta a estímulo nocivo térmico (25 segundos; 245 ± 7 mW/cm2) na superfície plantar do membro do animal. Não foram detectadas oscilações ao longo do ano no teste de campo aberto em nenhuma das espécies. Ao longo do dia, oscilações foram detectadas de Fevereiro a Dezembro em teiús; e em Abril, Maio, Junho e Outubro em iguanas. O tempo de atividade das iguanas foi menor em Janeiro e às 0:00h. Maiores latências de retirada do membro foram observadas nos meses de Maio e Agosto e às 6:00h em ambas espécies. Conclue-se que teiús e iguanas-verdes em ambiente controlado apresentam oscilações significativas em comportamento observado em teste de campo aberto, teste de natação forçada (somente iguanas) e teste plantar, que aparentemente não seguem padrões anuais claros, sendo provavelmente influenciado por fatores múltiplos ainda não compreendidos para as espécies. / The use of reptiles as experimental models is limited due to their physiological particularities, such as daily and annual fluctuations in behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate locomotor and nociceptive activities of tegus (Salvator merianae) and green iguanas (Iguana iguana) throughout the day and the year, when undergoing behavioral tests. Six animals from each species, kept under controlled room temperature (24 to 30°C) and photoperiod (12h:12h), were used. They were evaluated throughout the day (0:00h, 6:00h, 12:00h and 18:00) and the year (monthly). Locomotor activity was measured by the open field test, in which the animal was placed in the center of a round arena for 15 minutes and the number of crossings through the subdivisions of the arena was counted, and by the forced swim test (iguanas), in which the activity period was timed after animals were placed in a pool with no scape for 2 minutes. Nociceptive activity was measured as the latency to limb withdrawal reflex in response to a noxious thermal stimulus (25 seconds, 245 ± 7 mW/cm2) in the plantar surface of the animal\'s limb. No differences were detected in locomotor activity in the open field test throughout the year in both species. Throughout the day, fluctuations were detected from February to December in tegus, and in April, May, June and October in iguanas. Activity period in iguanas were shorter in January and at 0:00h. Longer latencies to withdrawal reflex were detected in May and August and at 6:00h in both species. In conclusion, tegus and green iguanas kept in controlled environment have fluctuations in behavior presented in the open field test, the forced swim (only iguanas) test and the plantar test, which apparently do not follow a clear seasonal pattern and are probably influenced by multiple factors that are still unknown for both species.

Objective Skin temperatures are known to increase cutaneous sensitivity. However, it is unclear whether the amount of improved sensitivity differs depending on the protocol of heat application. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of active (treadmill walking) and passive (infrared radiator) warming of the foot sole on vibration perception thresholds. Methods Sixty healthy and injury-free subjects voluntarily participated in this study. Vibration perception thresholds (200 Hz) and plantar temperatures were measured at the hallux and 1st metatarsal head. In experiment 1, warming and mechanically stimulating the skin was achieved by walking on a treadmill for 30 min. In a follow-up study (experiment 2), external plantar heat was administered via an infrared radiator (30 min). Results In both experiments, increasing temperatures led to increased plantar sensitivity. However, the amount of improved sensitivity was greater in experiment 1, although plantar temperature increases were lower compared to experiment 2. Conclusions Warming in conjunction with mechanical stimulation seems to have a greater potential to enhance plantar sensitivity compared to external heat supply only. Significance The possible influence of mechanical stimulation and warming towards superior plantar afferent feedback highlights its importance regarding human posture and fall prevention.