Ce travail comprends deux parties indépendantes, mais intimement liées. La première partie concerne le calcul et l'évaluation numérique des invariants holomorphes des difféomorphismes tangents à l'identité, dans le cas-type. On y expose notamment trois méthodes de calculs numériques, dont l'une est basée sur une formule explicite des invariants. Celle-ci résulte de l'évaluation de l'application de cornes 7[+, dont les ingrédients de base sont des rationnels, des coefficients de Taylor du difféomorphisme étudié et des multitangentes. La seconde partie concerne l'étude des multitangentes et des relations les liant entre elles. Il s'agit de fonctions I-périodiques, généralisant les séries d'Eisenstein, et définissant un moule symétr~l. D'autres relations existent, tels la réduction en monotangentes qui indique un lien profond entre les multitangentes et les multizêtas. Des propriétés et conjectures de nature purement algébrique, arithmétique ou analytique sont ensuite exposées.

Les recettes de cuisine sont partout de nos jours, dans les livres, à la télévision, sur l’Internet, ainsi que dans les restaurants et les entreprises alimentaires industrielles. Cette grande présence médiatique et économique soulève la question de savoir s’il est possible de les protéger par le droit de la propriété intellectuelle canadien. L’auteure commence par décrire les recettes et les plats, puis examine si ceux de nature traditionnelle et familiale sont des éléments de culture et s’ils peuvent constituer des savoirs traditionnels. Cela amène l’auteure à examiner si les indications géographiques peuvent procurer aux recettes et aux plats une certaine forme de protection contre leur appropriation à l’usage exclusif d’une personne. L’auteure aborde ensuite les régimes usuels de propriété intellectuelle à l’aune de la recette et du plat de chefs ou de l’industrie. Elle examine en premier ceux de la propriété industrielle. Les recettes et les plats peuvent-ils être des marques de commerce? Peuvent-ils être des secrets de commerce? Peuvent-ils constituer des inventions brevetables? Elle se penche ensuite sur le droit d’auteur et examine si les recettes et les plats peuvent être des œuvres protégeables et s’ils se qualifieraient comme œuvres littéraires ou artistiques. Cet examen l’amène à regarder le développement de la protection des œuvres musicales pour mieux cerner les enjeux pour les recettes. Au terme de son analyse, l’auteure fait ressortir quel régime appert le plus approprié selon la nature des recettes et des pratiques des chefs et des entreprises industrielles. / Nowadays, we are surrounded by recipes; they are in books, on television, on the Web, as well as in restaurants and in industrial food businesses. This great economic and media weight naturally begs the question whether recipes can be protected under Canadian intellectual property law. The author starts by describing recipes and dishes and then examines whether traditional and family recipes and dishes are elements of culture and whether they can be considered traditional knowledge. That leads the author to consider whether geographical indications can provide recipes and dishes with some kind of protection against their appropriation by a person for his or her exclusive use. The author then examines the usual intellectual property schemes for industrial and chefs’ recipes and dishes. She starts with industrial property schemes. Can recipes and dishes act as trademarks? Can they be trade secrets? Can they be patentable inventions? She then moves on to copyright, to examine whether recipes and dishes can be copyrightable works and, if so, whether they would be literary or artistic works. That leads her to look at how musical works came to be protected in order to better understand what is at issue for recipes. The author concludes her analysis by stating which scheme seems to be the most appropriate for recipes depending on their nature and the practices of chefs and industrial businesses.

L'extension de la morphologie mathématique au domaine de la couleur ou du multi/ hyperspectral en traitement et analyse d'images n'est pas élémentaire. La majorité des approches se sont focalisées sur la formulation mathématique des opérateurs sans prendre en compte le sens physique ou perceptuel de l'information couleur/spectrale. Les outils développés dans ce travail s'inscrivent dans un nouveau formalisme générique basé sur une fonction de distance. Cette construction permet d'utiliser les opérateurs morphologiques dans le domaine de la couleur ou du multi/hyperspectral en adaptant la fonction de distance. De plus, le choix de la fonction de distance rend les opérateurs valides au sens de la perception ou de la physique. Face aux nombre croissant d'approches existantes, des critères de sélection ont été développés afin de les comparer les différentes écritures de morphologie mathématique. Ces critères sont basés sur le respect des propriétés théoriques des opérateurs, sur les propriétés métrologiques et sur l'efficacité numérique. Grâce à un formalisme prenant en compte l'information perceptuelle de la couleur et intégrant une définition valide des éléments structurants non-plats, deux types d'opérateurs de plus haut niveau ont été définis. Le premier est un détecteur d'objets spatio-colorimétrique passant par la définition d'un gabarit spatial et vectoriel. Le second, est le calcul de spectres de textures vectoriels. L'extension des deux propos au spectral a été réalisé et ouvre de nouvelles questions scientifiques. \vspace{0.5em}

This thesis deals with the reward system in educational institutions. The theoretical part is focused on the reward system of employees. Then it describes how to perform a successful employee evaluation and how to avoid mistakes that can come during the evaluation. Other part mentions forms of remuneration, motivation, and what is the role of wage in employees motivation. The theoretical part is completed with topic of educational institutions. The practical part is based on qualitative research, which is done in private elementary art school in Čecké Budějovice (První soukromá základní umělecká škola s.r.o. v Českých Budějovicích) and in the centre of ecological and global education Cassiopeia. For my research I used the analysis of provided manuals for staff remuneration and semi-structured interview. I surveyed the informations about evaluation of employees, if they are the basis for the subsequent remuneration in specific organizations.I created improvement proposal of evaluation, remuneration and motivation based on comparison of the discovered informations.

Dans le cadre de l'intégration « 3D », une technologie d'assemblage par report de puces sur tranche de silicium (« flip chip ») reposant sur un procédé de microinsertion a été développée ces dernières années. Cette technologie est basée principalement sur la mise en contact par thermocompression, de réseaux de (micro)inserts en Nickel ECD, avec des plots de connexions métalliques en Al(Cu). Au cours de ce travail, un scénario de formation du contact entre un unique microinsert de Nickel rugueux et un film mince d'Aluminium lisse, prenant en compte la présence d'Alumine native à l'interface de contact, est proposé pour une gamme de pressions allant du MPa au GPa. L'analyse du contact métal-oxyde-métal se base essentiellement sur la fissuration de l'oxyde natif suivie de l'extrusion du métal au travers des fissures, et nécessite d'établir au préalable les lois de comportement des matériaux mis en jeu à partir d'essais de nanoindentation instrumentée couplés à des simulations numériques. Enfin, la mesure de l'évolution de la résistance électrique de contact en fonction de la force appliquée à l'aide de dispositifs expérimentaux originaux, permet de mettre en évidence les différents mécanismes de formation du contact métallique lors du procédé de microinsertion. / In the field of « 3D » microelectronic integration, a wafer level technology using flip chip stacking and based on a microinsertion process has been developed recently. This technology is mainly based on the contact realized by thermocompression between a network of microinserts made of Nickel ECD, with connections pads in Al(Cu). In this work, a scenario describing the contact establishment between a unique rough microinsert of Nickel and a smooth thin Aluminum film taking into account the presence of native Alumina at the contact interface, is developed for a range of pressures from MPa to GPa. The analysis of the metal-oxide-metal contact is essentially based on the fracture of the native oxide followd by the metal extrusion through cracks, and requires the knowledge of the behaviour laws of materials, obtained from instrumented nanoindentation tests coupled with numerical modeling. Finally, the measure of the electrical contact resistance evolution in function of applied load, with specific pioneering experimental setup, showcases the mechanisms driving the formation of metallic contact during the microinsertion process.

Viguiera arenaria Baker é uma Asteraceae de Cerrado de porte herbáceo, filotaxia alterna, inflorescência em capítulo e que apresenta formação de raízes tuberosas. Apesar de análises fitoquímicas terem encontrado substâncias com atividades biológicas de interesse terapêutico, sabe-se pouco sobre a biologia da planta. Neste trabalho, buscou-se contribuir para o conhecimento de aspectos relacionados ao desenvolvimento de V. arenaria, visando atingir três objetivos específicos: verificar a taxa de germinação em condições in vitro; estabelecer um protocolo de regeneração in vitro; verificar modificações epigenéticas (metilação de citosina) no DNA de células cambiais de raízes tuberizadas e não-tuberizadas que possam estar associadas ao processo de tuberização. As sementes e raízes foram coletadas em área de Cerrado no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, em duas épocas diferentes: em maio de 2008 (apenas sementes) e março de 2009 (sementes e raízes). Sementes e embriões de V. arenaria foram colocados para germinar, respectivamente, em papel filtro embebido com solução de nistatina e em meio de cultura sólido (MS com metade da concentração de macronutrientes), sendo mantidos em sala de crescimento (24°C e 16 horas/ luz) para avaliação do tempo e da porcentagem de germinação e embriões viáveis. No experimento de regeneração in vitro, folhas de plântulas, sete semanas após a germinação e segmentos hipocotiledonares, uma semana após a germinação, foram inoculados no mesmo meio, porém acrescido de diferentes concentrações de NAA (0,0; 0,01 e 0,05 mg.L-1), BAP (0,0; 0,2; 0,4 e 0,8 mg.L-1) e Zeatina (0,0; 0,2; 0,4 e 0,8 mg.L-1). Os explantes foram mantidos sob condições idênticas ao experimento de germinação. No estudo sobre imunolocalização de 5-metilcitosina, lâminas permanentes contendo cortes transversais de raízes tuberizadas e não-tuberizadas foram coradas com anticorpos fluorescentes contra 5-metilcitosina e contracoradas com DAPI. Foi observado um efeito de época de coleta de sementes, sendo aquela realizada em março de 2009 a que apresentou maiores porcentuais de embriões viáveis (72%) e de germinação de sementes e embriões (> 62% e 87%, respectivamente), embora o tempo de germinação tenha sido maior (~7 dias), comparativamente à coleta feita em maio de 2008 (~3 dias). Os experimentos de regeneração demonstraram certa recalcitrância da espécie na regeneração adventícia de brotos, pois os porcentuais de explantes com brotos foram inferiores a 25% na maioria dos tratamentos. Porém, houve 100% de formação de calos em diversos tratamentos. Por fim, verificaram-se mudanças no padrão de metilação e aumento de três vezes no conteúdo de DNA nas raízes tuberizadas relativamente às raízes não-tuberizadas. / Viguiera arenaria Baker is an herbaceous Asteraceae from Cerrado presenting alternate phyllotaxis, capitulum inflorescence and tuberized roots. Although phytochemical analyses have found substances with biological activities of therapeutic interest, little is known about the biology of the plant. In this study, we sought to contribute to the knowledge of aspects related to the development of V. arenaria, aiming to achieve three specific goals: to determine the germination rate under in vitro conditions; to establish a protocol for in vitro regeneration; to check epigenetic modifications (cytosine methylation) in DNA of cambial cells in tuberized and non-tuberized roots, which may be associated with the tuberization process. The seeds and roots were collected in a Cerrado area in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in two different times: in May 2008 (seeds only) and March 2009 (seeds and roots). Seeds and embryos of V. arenaria were placed to germinate, respectively, on filter paper soaked with a solution of nystatin and solid medium (MS with half-strength macronutrients), and maintained in a growth chamber (24 ° C and 16 hours/ light) to evaluate time for germination and percentages of germination and viable embryos. In the experiment of in vitro regeneration, leaves of seedlings, seven weeks after germination and hypocotyl segments, one week after germination were inoculated in the same medium supplemented with different concentrations of NAA (0, 0.01 and 0.05 mg.L-1), BAP (0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg.L-1) and Zeatin (0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg.L-1). Explants were kept under the same conditions of the germination experiment. In the study of immunolocalization of 5- methylcytosine, permanent slides containing transverse sections of tuberized and non-tuberized roots were stained with fluorescent antibodies against 5-methylcytosine and counterstained with DAPI. We observed an effect of harvest time, as the one held in March 2009 presented the highest percentage of viable embryos (72%) and germination of seeds and embryos (> 62% and 87% respectively), although the germination rate was higher (~7 days) compared to the harvest made in 2008 (~3 days). The in vitro assays showed some recalcitrance of the species in the regeneration of adventitious buds, as the percentage of explants with shoots were less than 25% in most treatments. However, there was 100% callus formation in different treatments. Finally, changes in the methylation pattern were observed as well as three-fold increase in DNA content in tuberized roots relatively to non-tuberized roots.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) may consist of hundreds or even thousands of nodes and could be used for a multitude of applications such as warfare intelligence or to monitor the environment. A typical WSN node has a limited and usually irreplaceable power source and the efficient use of the available power is of utmost importance to ensure maximum lifetime of each WSN application. Each of the nodes needs to transmit and communicate sensed data to an aggregation point for use by higher layer systems. Data and message transmission among nodes collectively consume the largest amount of the energy available in a WSN. The network routing protocols ensure that every message reaches the destination and has a direct impact on the amount of transmissions to deliver a messages successfully. To this end the transmission protocol within the WSN should be scalable, adaptable and optimized to consume the least possible amount of energy to suite different network architectures and application domains. This dissertation proposes a Mobile Tolerant Hybrid Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (MT-HEER), where hybrid refers to the inclusion of both flat and hierarchical routing architectures as proposed by Page in the Hybrid Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (HEER). HEER was previously developed at the University of Pretoria and forms the starting point of this research. The inclusion of mobile nodes in the WSN deployment proves to be detrimental to protocol performance in terms of energy efficiency and message delivery. This negative impact is attributable to assuming that all nodes in the network are statically located. In an attempt to adapt to topological changes caused by mobile nodes, too much energy could be consumed by following traditional network failure algorithms. MT-HEER introduces a mechanism to pro-actively track and utilise mobile nodes as part of the routing strategy. The protocol is designed with the following in mind: computational simplicity, reliability of message delivery, energy efficiency and most importantly mobility awareness. Messages are propagated through the network along a single path while performing data aggregation along the same route. MT-HEER relies on at least 40% of the nodes in the network being static to perform dynamic route maintenance in an effort to mitigate the risks of topological changes due to mobile nodes. Simulation results have shown that MT-HEER performs as expected by preserving energy within acceptable limits, while considering the additional energy overhead introduced by dynamic route maintenance. Mobile node tolerance is evident in the protocol's ability to provide a constant successful message delivery ratio at the sink node with the introduction and increase in the number of mobile nodes. MT-HEER succeeds in providing tolerance to mobile nodes within a WSN while operating within acceptable energy conservation limits. AFRIKAANS : Koordlose Sensor Netwerke mag bestaan uit honderde of selfs duisende nodes en kan gebruik word vir 'n legio van toepassings soos oorlogs intellegensie of om die omgewing te monitor. 'n Tipiese node in so 'n netwerk het 'n beperkte en soms onvervangbare energie bron. Die effektiewe gebruik van die beskikbare energie is dus van uiterste belang om te verseker dat die maksimum leeftyd vir 'n koordlose sensor network behaal kan word. Elkeen van die nodes in the network moet die waargeneemde data aanstuur oor die netwerk na 'n versamelings punt vir latere gebruik deur applikasie vlak stelsels. Informasie en boodskap transmissie tussen die nodes is wel een van die aktiwiteite wat die meeste energie verbruik in the netwerk. Die roeterings protokol verseker dat die boodskappe die eindbestemming behaal en het 'n direkte impak op die hoeveelheid transmissies wat kan plaas vind om dit te bewerkstellig. Die roeterings protokol moet dus skaleerbaar, aanpasbaar en verfyn word om die minste moontlike energie te verbruik in verskillende toepassings velde. Hierdie verhandeling stel 'n Bewegings Tolerante Hybriede Netwerk Roeterings Protokol vir Koordlose Sensor Netwerke (“MT-HEER”) voor. In hierdie konteks verwys hybried na die samesmelting van beide plat en hierargiese roeterings beginsels soos voor gestel deur Page in Hybriede Netwerk Roeterings Protokol (“HEER”). HEER was ontwikkel by die Universiteit van Pretoria en vorm die begin punt van hierdie navorsing. Die insluiting van bewegende nodes in 'n Koordlose Sensor Netwerk toon 'n negatiewe tendens in terme van energie effektiwiteit en suksesvolle boodskap aflewerings by die eindbestemming. Die grootste rede vir hierdie negatiewe tendens is die aanname deur gepubliseerde werke dat alle nodes in die netwerk staties is. Te veel energie sal vermors word indien tradisionele fout korregerende meganismes gevolg word om aan te pas by die bewegende nodes. MT-HEER stel 'n meganisme voor om die bewegende nodes te gebruik as deel van die roetering strategie en gevolglik ook hierdie nodes te volg soos hulle beweeg deur die netwerk. Die protokol is ontwikkel met die volgende doelstellings: rekenkundig eenvoudigheid, betroubare boodskap aflewering, energie effektiwiteit en bewustheid van bewegende nodes. Boodskappe word langs 'n enkele pad gestuur deur die netwerk terwyl boodskap samevoeging bewerkstellig word om die eind bestemming te bereik. MT-HEER vereis wel dat ten minste 40% van die netwerk nodes staties bly om die dienamiese roeterings instandhouding te bewerkstellig. Simulasie toetse en resultate het bewys dat MT-HEER optree soos verwag in gevalle waar daar bewegende nodes deel uit maak van die netwerk. Energie bewaring is binne verwagte parameters terwyl die addisionele energie verbruik binne rekening gebring word om te sorg vir bewegende nodes. Die protokol se toleransie teen bewegende nodes word ten toon gestel deur die vermoë van die protokol om konstant 'n hoë suksesvolle bookskap aflewerings verhouding te handhaaf. MT-HEER behaal die uitgesette doel om 'n toleransie teen bewegende nodes beskikbaar te stel, terwyl die protokol steeds funksioneer binne verwagte energie besparings limiete. Copyright / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted

The thesis deals with real rights written to the cadastre. It is divided into ten chapters and starts with the definition of real rights and its historical development. Then, it disusses the cadastre as a public list. The thesis also deals with situations, where there is discordance between the real legal relationship and what is registred in the cadastre. The following chapters are devoted to the property rights including their mofications, the right of contruction, trust funds, the easement and lien. The thesis also discusses the cases when the property is used by another person and secondary agreements in the contract. It also contains simple plat maps concerning certain institutes mentioned in this thesis.

Diploma´s thesis “ A set of row attached low energy houses for living in Vážany nad Litavou ” is elaborated in form of project documentation which includes all requirements of given standards. The object is placed on plat number 1746 in cadastral community Vážany nad Litavou. The character of the object is brick building. The building is covered gabled roof. It is two-floor house with no cellar. There is living room, kitchen, bedroom with it´s own sanitary facility and technical room in the ground floor. There are bedrooms with sanitary facilities in the second floor. The thesis is worked up as a complete implementation building plan.

The goal of the diploma thesis „Salaries in state and public administration in the Czech Republic – development and trends“ is the analysis and description of the salary system. First part of the thesis explains basic theoretical concepts and values in this field of study. The development of the described values is set in the overal context of the economic situation in the Czech Republic. The second part describes principles of remunaration in state and public administration, both past and present. Salary system function is also compared with that of neighboring countries. The outcome of the thesis is the analysis of the salary system and also certain recommendations that resulted from the study of researched topic.