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Este trabalho visou estudar a formação do símbolo. Num estudo teórico procuramos acompanhar a simbolização na história da filogenética, assim como a gênese da ação e da significação para Piaget. Verificar a continuidade do documento original / Not informed by the author

Counterplay is a way of playing digital games that opposes the encoded algorithms that define their appropriate use and interaction. Counterplay is often manifested within the social arena as practices such as the creation of incendiary user generated content, grief-play, cheating, glitching, modding, and hacking. It is deemed damaging to normative play values, to the experience of play, and detrimental to the viability of videogames as mainstream entertainment products. Counterplay is often framed through the rhetoric of transgression as pathogen, as a hostile, infectious, threatening act. Those found conducting it are subject to a range of punishments ranging from expulsion from videogames to criminal conviction. Despite the steps taken to manage counterplay, it occurs frequently within contemporary videogames causing significant disruption to play and necessitating costly remedy. This thesis argues that counterplay should be understood as a practice with its own pleasures and justifying rhetorics that problematise the rhetoric of pathogen and attenuate the threat of penalty. Despite the social and economic significance of counterplay upon contemporary videogames, relatively little is known of the practices conducted by counterplayers, their motivations, or the rhetorics that they deploy to justify and contextualise their actions. Through the use of ethnographic approaches, including interview and participant observation, alongside the identification and application of five popular rhetorics of transgression, this study aims to expose the meanings and complexities of contemporary counterplay. It examines counterplayer testimonies that articulate the practices and rhetorics underpinning the creation of incendiary user generated content, grief play, glitching, modding, and hacking on the Xbox 360 platform in particular. This study represents a contribution to the field of game studies in an area so far underresearched, offering voice to a previously silent demographic, that of counterplayers. In focussing upon their practices, communities and motivations, this study challenges the framing of counterplay as reductively oppositional or hostile. Instead, counterplay is shown to be an act of seduction, a means of articulating identity, status and recognition, as an expression of hacker ideology, and as a re-engagement with the carnivalesque. These meanings, in addition to the rhetoric of pathogen, offer an expanded image of counterplay and the counterplayer that highlights the significance of counterplay within the context of contemporary popular and youth culture.

Tese de mestrado. Tecnologia Multimédia, perfil Engenharia. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto.Instituto Politécnico do Porto. 2008

Finding the correct therapeutic intervention for a client can be difficult to determine, especially for certain populations like adolescents. The implementation of Table Top Role Playing Games (TRPGs) in therapy is slowly becoming a more widely utilized therapy intervention because of its ability to engage clients who may be apprehensive to engaging in therapy. Having a wide array of interventions in our therapeutic toolbelt is crucial for mental health social workers to flexibly implement interventions, like TRPGs, with clients. Unfortunately, there is little research determining whether this approach is beneficial to therapy or not. This exploratory research study sought to determine the effectiveness of this intervention using qualitative one-on-one interviews with mental health practitioners currently implementing this intervention with their clients. This study revealed certain themes such as: being able to apply TRPGs to clients of any age group, utilization of a client-tailored narrative through TRPGs, applicability of this intervention in a group setting, TRPGs as a form of safe exposure therapy. Certain risks regarding implementation of this intervention were also identified. The data gathered through this study show that TRPGs could prove to be extremely beneficial to therapeutic practices. Further studies into this intervention should be conducted to truly grasp the extent of this interventions benefits or to identify any unidentified drawbacks.

This study examined the mathematics talk that children engage in during free play in their non-parental, family child care environments. Audio tapes of children during free play were transcribed and coded for different types of mathematical references using a coding scheme. Types of math talk included: (a) classification, (b) magnitude, (c) enumeration, (d) patterns and shapes, (e) spatial reasons, and (f) part/whole. Results showed that children used spatial relations more than other types of mathematical references. Children‘s math talk was compared based on their gender and age. Results showed that, on average, children who were older than 40 months referenced mathematics more often than younger children. Also, males were more likely to reference math during free play than were females. Children‘s math talk was also analyzed in comparison to provider education and experience. It showed that when providers had CDA or 2-year degrees, children under their care referenced math more frequently. (78 pages)

The Space Plug-and-Play Architecture (SPA) networking approach outlined in this dissertation is an improvement over the previous approach used by the Satellite Data Model(SDM). The first improvement is the introduction of a SPA network model based on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Second, a new addressing and routing scheme is presented, which places the burden of routing on the network infrastructure instead of the network endpoints. These improvements have been implemented in a software infrastructure called the SPA Services Manager (SSM). The SSM was developed under an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001 certified development process, the details of which are presented. A collection of network timing graphs that measure latency and jitter of the SPA network is contained in this dissertation, as well as a runtime memory footprint. The maturity of the development process and these initial performance measurements demonstrate that the SSM is qualified for spaceflight.

The intent of this thesis was to write an original play and detail the writing process. Themes dealt with in Jane (or, Dug In) are family, coping with grief, survivor’s guilt, and exploration (both literal and personal). In addition to the full script, this thesis explores the inspirations for the play and its title. The play’s genre is analyzed, and reasoning is given for this selection. Included are omitted scenes from the latest draft to offer additional insight into the playwright’s previous versions. A reading of the third draft was presented and detailed in this thesis. A section about future scenes and potential projects involving this script are examined.

Cette thèse a pour objectif de montrer le lien de cause à effet, entre l’arrivée de la forme du théâtre dans le théâtre des pièces pré-classiques de 1630 à 1650 et la construction de l’identité du comédien à partir des pièces de Rotrou, le Véritable Saint Genest, Desmarets,Les Visionnaires, Gougenot La Comédie des comédiens, Scudéry La comédie des comédiens,et Corneille, l’Illusion Comique, dont certaines empruntent le personnage-comédien ouvertement, ou le sous-entendent. Afin d’expliquer l’arrivée dans l’Histoire du comédien professionnel, l’étude s’organise selon un panorama historique de l’identité du comédien depuis l’Antiquité jusqu’au Moyen-âge, au moment de la disparition du mystère et de la fermeture de la Confrérie de la Passion et de la Résurrection de Notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ,prouvant ainsi l’avancée du comédien. Puis, la redéfinition des genres dans lesquels s’inscrira la forme du théâtre dans le théâtre permettra de constater le passage de l’identité religieuse à l’identité professionnelle du comédien avec la réhabilitation du genre de la comédie longtemps éclipsé dans l’Histoire. Le relevé des figures de comédiens de milieux sociaux différents, artisans, marchands, nobles, comédiens de foire, comédiens italiens, permettra de déterminer le profil du comédien français, son identité professionnelle et sociale. Le jeu dramatique du comédien par la liberté de création et l’imaginaire des auteurs dramatiques connaît une évolution. Se pose alors la question de l’identité psychologique du comédien,dans son rapport à la mimésis, à l’identification ou non de son personnage dans le jeu, en référence à l’éthique qui se redéfinit. / This thesis has for objective to show the link of cause with effect, between the arrival of theform the play within the play of the pre-classic period from 1630 till 1650 with theconstruction of the identity of comedian from the piece of Rotrou Le Véritable Saint Genest,Desmarets The Visionaries, Gougenot The comedy of the comedians, Scudéy The comedy ofthe comedians, and Corneille The comic illusion, the character-comedian of which someborrow openly, or imply him. To explain the arrival in the History of the professionalcomedian, the study gets organized according to a historic panorama of the identity of thecomedian since Antiquity to the Middle Ages, at the time of the disappearance of the mysteryand the closure of the Brotherhood of the Passion and the Resurrection of our Lord Jésus-Christ, proving the advance of the comedian. Then, the redefining of the genre in which willjoin the form of the play within the play will allow to notice the passage of the religiousidentity in the professional identity of the comedian with the rehabilitation of the genre of thecomedy for a long time ecclipsé in the History. The statement of comedians’figures ofdifferent social backgrounds, craftsmen, traders, noble persons, comedians of fair, Italiancomedians, will allow to determine the profile of the french comedian, its professional andsocial identity. The dramatic play of the comedian by the freedom of creation and theimagination of the playwrights knows an evolution. The question of the psychological identityof the comedian, its relationship in the mimesis, the identification or not of his character in theplay, in reference to the ethics redefines.

This study explores the day-to-day lived experience of eight novice hospital play specialists in New Zealand, during the early months following their appointment. Hospital play specialists come from a background in early childhood teaching and work as members of paediatric healthcare teams to support development and coping in hospitalised children and young people. Participants' stories were gathered in face-to-face interviews and were then analysed using an interpretive approach informed by Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology. Throughout the reflective process of the study, I have sought to show the vividness of the participants’ unique experiences whilst revealing the deeper understandings that lie below. This study shows that experiences as a novice matter to the subsequent development of professional identity as a hospital play specialist. The participants' early impressions of tile world of a hospital are shown in the findings to be those of strangers arriving in a foreign country, struggling to survive and to achieve a sense of belonging. Despite initially feeling lost and vulnerable, they are revealed as resourcefU1 in coping with change, and resilient in acquiring new skills, finding support, building relationships, and adapting their practice. Inclusion within healthcare teams, and recognition of their knowledge and skills by the participants and by their healthcare colleagues, contribute to participants' successful transitions from novice to competent practitioners. There are implications in this study for team leaders, managers and hospital play specialists regarding recruitment and support, such as ensuring that those employed show the flexibility needed for this role and are the11 provided with suitable early information and induction programmes Alongside this is the need for a focus on professional development and improved processes of communication, and inclusion of new staff members within the healthcare team.