RESUMO A similaridade entre o tecido da mama e o da glândula salivar está bem estabelecida. A porção das estruturas acinares e ductais destes órgãos são basicamente semelhantes. Estes aspectos, associados ao fato de que uma coexistência de carcinomas da mama e de glândula salivar, têm sido relatados em uma incidência maior do que a esperada. Guiaram estudos tentando determinar a importância dos receptores de estrógeno e progesterona em adenomas pleomórficos (AP). A neoplasia é mais freqüente nas glândulas salivares e exibe uma predileção para o sexo feminino. Recentemente a presença do receptor de estrógeno (RE) e do receptor de progesterona (RP) tem sido investigada no AP, entre outras neoplasias de glândula salivar, questionando-se a possibilidade da existência da dependência hormonal. A expressão dos receptores hormonais nos carcinomas de mama é importante para determinar o prognóstico e a probabilidade de responder à manipulação hormonal. Neoplasias que apresentam positividade para ambos os receptores, estrógeno e progesterona, exibem maior probabilidade de resposta à terapia anti-estrogênica do que as neoplasias que são negativas para estes receptores. Baseando-se na literatura científica pertinente, o presente trabalho se propõe a investigar a presença da proteína RE e da proteína RP em APs humanos, relacionando-os com a proliferação de linhagens celulares sob a influência destes hormônios. A técnica utilizada foi a imuno-histoquímica para a pesquisa dos RE e RP em 10 APs emblocados em parafina pertencentes ao arquivo do Serviço de Patologia Cirúrgica da FOUSP, e de duas linhagens de APs estabelecidas no mesmo serviço: uma derivada de um paciente do sexo masculino e a outra de um paciente do sexo feminino. No meio de cultivo onde subculturas destas células proliferavam foram diluídos 17-b-estradiol e progesterona. Através de contagens destas células em períodos pré-determinados (24 horas, 48 horas e 72 horas), pretendeu-se verificar a influência dos respectivos hormônios na multiplicação celular. Como controle positivo utilizou-se uma linhagem denominada T-47D, que foi largamente estudada na literatura. A T-47D é derivada de um carcinoma metastático de mama, reconhecidamente hormônio dependente. E como controle negativo, utilizou-se de uma linhagem de carcinoma epidermóide, denominada HN30. Encontrou-se positividade para o RE em 7 de 10 APs estudados (4 em homens e 3 em mulheres) e positividade para o RP em 8 Aps estudados (4 em mulheres e 4 em homens). Pela análise estatística, constatou-se que existe uma diferença significativa no índice proliferativo entre o controle e as células submetidas à ação do 17-b-estradiol e da progesterona. Para a linhagem derivada do paciente do sexo masculino houve diferença entre o controle e as células expostas ao 17-b-estradiol e a progesterona somente nas últimas 72 horas. Para a linhagem derivada do sexo feminino constatou-se uma diferença significativa entre o controle e as células sob a influência da progesterona, a partir de 48 horas de proliferação celular. A diferença significativa entre o controle e as células sob a ação do 17-b-estradiol ocorreu somente a partir das 72 horas, sugerindo que o AP poderia ser uma neoplasia influenciada pela ação hormonal. / SUMARY It is well established the similarity between mammary and salivary glands especially between the acinic and ductile structures. These aspects, associated to the fact of coexistence of breast carcinomas and of salivary gland tumors been described, leaded studies in attempt to determine the importance of the ERs and Pr in pleomorphic adenomas (PA), the most frequent salivary gland tumor and with predilection for the females. Lately, the presence of ERs and of the PRs has been investigated in PA and other salivary gland tumors pointing out their hormonal dependency. The expression of hormone receptors in breast carcinomas is crucial to determine a presence for both receptors. These tumors exhibit better response to anti-estrogenic therapy than the negative ones. Basing on the pertinent scientific literature, the present study proposes to investigate the presence of the RE and of the RP in humans PA and connecting them with cellular proliferation in vitro, under the influence of these hormones. Immunohistochemistry technique was used for the detection of RE and RP in paraffin embedded 10 PAs from the files of the Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, and two PA cell lines one from a male patient and other female. The culture midia was supplied with, 17-b-estradiol and progesterone. A growth curve was performed (24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours) to verify the influence of the respective hormones in the cellular proliferation. As a positive control T-47-D cells derived from a hormone dependent metastatic breast carcinoma were used, and as negative control HN30 cells, derived from a tongue squamous cell carcinoma. 7 of 10 PAs were positive (4 in men and 3 in women) for RP and 8 of 8 PAs (4 in women and 4 in men) for RE. The statistical analysis verified a significant difference in the proliferative index between the control cells and the ones submitted to the action of the 17-b-estradiol and of the progesterone: for male derived lineage a difference was only observed in the last 72 hours. In the other hand, for the female derived lineage a significant difference was verified starting from 48 hours, suggesting that PA can be influenced by hormonal action.

A proteína P53 pode estar virtualmente alterada em todos os cânceres humanos e portanto, na ausência de mutação, uma possibilidade para a inativação da p53 é a formação de complexo com outras proteínas, tal como a proteína Mdm2. Estudos prévios realizados em nosso laboratório demonstraram a superexpressão de Mdm2 na ausência de expressão da proteína P53 em adenomas pleomórficos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a expressão das proteínas Mdm2, P53, P21 e Akt em adenoma pleomórfico e o mioepitelioma através das técnicas de imunoistoquímica, western blotting e imunofluorescência. A superexpressão de Mdm2 e Akt foi encontrada na maioria das linhagens e lesões utilizadas neste estudo enquanto as proteínas P53 e P21 não demonstraram expressão nas neoplasias estudadas. As superexpressões das proteínas Mdm2 e Akt estão relacionadas à tumorigênese em neoplasias benignas de glândula salivar. / The P53 protein can be altered in virtually all human cancers and in the absence of mutations, P53 inactivation is possible via complex formation with others proteins, such as the Mdm2. Previous studies from our laboratory showed overexpression of mdm2 and lack of p53 expression in pleomorphic adenomas. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of Mdm2, P53, P21 and Akt proteins in pleomorphic adenomas and myoepiteliomas by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques. Overexpression of Mdm2 and Akt was present in the majority of cell lineages and tumors studied, while the expression of P53 and P21 proteins was considered absent. Overexpression of Mdm2 and Akt are related to the tumorigenesis of benign salivary gland neoplasms.

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium - MChD / This is a retrospective study of malignant tumours of the maxillofacial and oral region in children that presented over a 20 year period (1973 to 1993) at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. Of the 352 children that were treated for a malignant tumour arising from various anatomic sites in the head and neck region, 30 were found to have had maxillofacial and oral involvement. This represented an incidence of 8,5%. Histologically, the majority of the tumours were non-odontogenic and mesenchymal in origin. The rhabdomyosarcoma was found to be the most common neoplasm, followed by the Burkitt's lymphoma. The age range was 6 months to 13.8 years (mean age 5.7 years). Males were more commonly affected than females, with a ratio of 1.3:1. There were 26 (86,7%) black patients and 4 (13,3%) white patients, representing a ratio of 6.5:1. Fifty percent of the cases were from the Eastern Cape. The mandible and the maxilla were the most common sites to be involved, followed by the soft tissues of the face. The most common presenting symptom was a painless swelling (73,3%) of the face. Twenty percent of the patients had "floating" or loose teeth. Radiographic features in the jaws were poorly circumscribed destructive lytic lesions with displacement of teeth. Histologic type was found to be the most significant variable affecting the outcome, with the Burkitt's lymphomas having the best prognosis and the rhabdomysarcomas the worst. The most common cause of death was metastases to the lungs. It is concluded that although malignant tumours of the maxillofacial and oral region in children are rare, their prognosis is poor. Therefore, any child presenting with a facial swelling should be viewed with suspicion.

BACKGROUND: Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a diverse group of cancers that originate from mesenchymal tissue and are estimated to result in 13,130 new cases and 5,350 deaths this year. These neoplasms are hard to detect, which results in physicians struggling to treat late-stage STSs with a limited number of ineffective treatments. Currently, surgical excision is the primary treatment with radiation therapy administered when possible. However, even with optimal margins, the rate of recurrence is high, and the overall survival is low. There is a desperate need for new, more effective treatments. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has recently had widespread success in treating melanoma, and in recent trials, SARC028 and Alliance A091401, have shown demonstrated activity of ICBs in STS in the neoadjuvant setting. Two histological subtypes of STS showed more promise than others: dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS). Another issue plaguing the field of STS is that there is no universal indicator of response. The percentage of hyalinization found within the tumor was recently identified as a better marker of response than radiographic imaging or percent viable tumor. METHODS: This study was an investigator-initiated, single-center, randomized, open-label, phase II study (NCT03307616), in which 23 patients with either DDLPS of the retroperitoneum (RP) or UPS of the extremity/trunk (ET) were separated by disease into Cohort 1 and 2, respectively. Subjects in each cohort were randomized into two neoadjuvant treatment arms per cohort. Arm A (n=7) of Cohort 1 received nivolumab (anti-PD-1) monotherapy, while Arm B (n=7) of Cohort 1 received nivolumab and ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) combination therapy. Arm C (n=5) of Cohort 2 received nivolumab monotherapy and radiation therapy, whereas Arm D (n=4) of Cohort 2 received nivolumab/ipilimumab combination therapy and radiation therapy. A tumor biopsy was obtained before treatment, and another sample was taken during the primary treatment of surgical excision. These samples were processed and analyzed by a pathologist who determined the percentage of viable tumor, hyalinization, and necrosis in each sample. Radiographic imaging was also taken throughout to make RECIST 1.1 response determinations. RESULTS: The average treatment response (1 - % viable tumor) for Cohort 1 was 25 ± 23 and there was no difference between Arm A and Arm B, p=0.48. The average treatment response in Cohort 2 was higher at 85 ± 27, but there was also no significant difference between the arms, p = 0.46. The mean percent hyalinization for Cohort 1 was 13 ± 13%, and for Cohort 2 was 69 ± 35%. Again, there was no significant difference between the arms in the Cohort 1 or 2, p = 0.45 and p = 0.54, respectively. Lastly, the mean % necrosis in Cohort 1 was 13 ± 13 %, and in Cohort 2 was 17 ± 24%, and neither had significantly different results in the arms, p = 0.60 and p = 0.92. The RECIST 1.1 results were independent of the arms of the study, and the radiographic response (percent image change) did not correlate to any metric of histologic response. Those who received Ipilimumab had higher rates of adverse events. CONCLUSION: There is significant evidence that ICBs elicited a response in RP DDLPS and ET UPS, and the response of ET UPS was profound. However, there was no apparent benefit from the combination therapy compared to the monotherapy in either cohort. The higher response in ET UPS may be due to the additional radiation therapy or to the nature of UPS itself. Finally, radiographic imaging does not show the response which is apparent at the histological level, so treatment regimens and future experiments should no longer rely on radiographic imaging as a marker for response. / 2021-06-07T00:00:00Z

Thirteen bacterial cultures were isolated from the North arm of Great Salt Lake during the months of January and February of 1973. Eleven isolates were gram-negative pleomorphic rods which lysed in hypotonic solution. The remaining two were gram-positive cocci. All isolates and one known strain of Halobacterium salinarium were subjected to examination of morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. A numerical taxonomic analysis was applied to the compiled characters to compute a coefficient of similarity for each individual isolate as compared to all other isolates. A comparative analysis was included in the similarity computation using characters assembled from those reported in the literature for six taxonomically accepted species of halophilic bacteria. The lake isolates proved to be extreme halophiles with relative high levels of similarity between each other and the known bacteria included in the numerical analysis.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23788号 / 医博第4834号 / 新制||医||1057(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 武藤 学, 教授 小濱 和貴, 教授 生田 宏一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

O carcinoma ex-adenoma pleomórifoco (CXAP) é a contraparte maligna do Adenoma pleomórfico (AP), sendo sua malignização descrita em 10% dos AP. Histológicamente o CXAP apresenta grande variação morfológica vista a capacidade do componente maligno se originar de diferentes estruturas do componente misto do AP. Nota-se que grande parte dos CXAP apresentam caráter infiltrativo, metástase linfonodal e metástase tardia. Para que as células neoplásicas adquiram um fenótipo com maior capacidade infiltrava é necessário que passem por um processo de transição de um fenótipo epitelial para mesenquimal. Este processo é conhecido como Transição epitélio-mesênquima (TEM). Tal processo é visto em situações fisiológicas, tais quais, migração de células ectodérmicas durante o período embriológico, reparação e cicatrização e também em processos neoplásicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a presença de proteínas inerentes ao processo de transição epitélio mesênquima e comparar a expressão destas proteínas com achados histopatológicos sugestivos de invasão e mestástase. A análise das proteínas E-caderina e Beta-catenina em células neoplásicas de CXAP foi realizada de forma semi-quantitativa conforme sugerido pela literatura. Os casos foram subdividos de acordo com a positividade da reação de imunohistoquímica. Onde houve ausência de células positivas o caso recebeu escore 0, casos onde houve <10% de células positivas o escore foi 1, casos onde 10- 75% de células positivas escore 2 e consequentemente 3 para casos em que >75% das células eram positivas. Tais achados foram relacionados com presença de invasão angiolinfática, perineural, metástase tardia, recorrência e metástase linfonodal. De um total de 16 casos de CXAP, o sitio mais acometido foi a parótida e 53% da nossa amostra era composta por homens, a idade média foi de 52,9 anos e a parótida foi o sitio mais acometido. A análise histopatológica demonstrou que quando havia marcação para E-caderina a mesma se dava em membrana celular. 12,5% ausência de marcação, 50% dos casos com marcação fraca 31,25% dos casos com expressão moderada e 6,25% dos casos com marcação intensa. Já para Beta-catenina um caso apresentou marcação citoplasmática e os restantes em membrana celular.18,75% ausente de marcação, 25 % com marcação fraca, 50% dos casos com marcação moderada e 6,25 dos casos com marcação intensa. A imuno-marcação estava distribuída de forma difusa tanto no front de invasão quanto no parênquima do carcinoma. Casos com maior presença de E-caderina apresentaram mais metástases linfonodais, p=0,035. Para outros critérios de invasão nenhuma relação estatística significante foi observada. Sugere-se que E-caderina e Beta-catenina não fazem parte do processo de invasão e metástase de CXAP nem são fatores relacionados a invasão dos tecidos adjacentes. / Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CXAP) is the malignant counterpart of pleomorphic adenoma(PA), although malignant transformation of PA is unusual occurring in 10% of the PA cases. The CXAP histologically presents an intense morphologic variation due to the ability of the malignant tissue to originate from any structure of de mixed component. A significant number of CXAPs show an infiltrative behavior, lymph node metastasis and late metastasis. The cell component must undergo a morphologic alteration changing the epithelial phenotype to a mesenchymal one. That development process is known as epithelial-mesenchymal transiction (MET). This process is seen in physiologic situations, like cell migration on embryologic ectodermal evolution, tissue repair and int neoplastic processes. The main objective of this study was to evaluate immunohistochemical expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transiction proteins, e-caderin and beta-catenin in malignant areas of CXAP and correlate with pathologic parameters that indicates migration, like perineural and angiolymphatic invasion and metastasis as suggested by the literature. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed semiquantitatively according to the scores 0 (no positive cell), 1 (<10% positive cells), 2 (10-75% of cells positive, and 3 (>75% positive cells). These results were also correlated with pathological parameters of neoplastic aggressiveness using the Fisher\'s exact test. Of the16 cases, the parotid gland was the most involved site and men were affected in 53.8 % of our sample. The mean age was 52.9 year. The histopathological analysis showed that in all cases in which e-caderin was positive, the immunoreaction was of the cell membrane 12,5% of the cases showed absent of e-caderin expression, 50% showed weak expression, 31,25% showed moderate expression and 6,25 show strong one. In the other hand, b-catenin showed cytoplasmic expression in one case, all other cases showed protein in cell membrane. 18,75 showed absent expression, 25% showed weak expression, 50% showed moderate and 6,25% showed intense one. The immunohistochemical reaction was diffuse and presented itself in invasion front as well as in the carcinoma parenchyma. Cases presenting high expression of e-caderin developed more lymph node metastasis, p=0,035. For the others invasion parameters there was no statistic summary observed. This work suggest that e-caderin and b-catenin have no relation to CXAP carcinogenesis or invasion process

O carcinoma ex-adenoma pleomórifoco (CXAP) é a contraparte maligna do Adenoma pleomórfico (AP), sendo sua malignização descrita em 10% dos AP. Histológicamente o CXAP apresenta grande variação morfológica vista a capacidade do componente maligno se originar de diferentes estruturas do componente misto do AP. Nota-se que grande parte dos CXAP apresentam caráter infiltrativo, metástase linfonodal e metástase tardia. Para que as células neoplásicas adquiram um fenótipo com maior capacidade infiltrava é necessário que passem por um processo de transição de um fenótipo epitelial para mesenquimal. Este processo é conhecido como Transição epitélio-mesênquima (TEM). Tal processo é visto em situações fisiológicas, tais quais, migração de células ectodérmicas durante o período embriológico, reparação e cicatrização e também em processos neoplásicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a presença de proteínas inerentes ao processo de transição epitélio mesênquima e comparar a expressão destas proteínas com achados histopatológicos sugestivos de invasão e mestástase. A análise das proteínas E-caderina e Beta-catenina em células neoplásicas de CXAP foi realizada de forma semi-quantitativa conforme sugerido pela literatura. Os casos foram subdividos de acordo com a positividade da reação de imunohistoquímica. Onde houve ausência de células positivas o caso recebeu escore 0, casos onde houve <10% de células positivas o escore foi 1, casos onde 10- 75% de células positivas escore 2 e consequentemente 3 para casos em que >75% das células eram positivas. Tais achados foram relacionados com presença de invasão angiolinfática, perineural, metástase tardia, recorrência e metástase linfonodal. De um total de 16 casos de CXAP, o sitio mais acometido foi a parótida e 53% da nossa amostra era composta por homens, a idade média foi de 52,9 anos e a parótida foi o sitio mais acometido. A análise histopatológica demonstrou que quando havia marcação para E-caderina a mesma se dava em membrana celular. 12,5% ausência de marcação, 50% dos casos com marcação fraca 31,25% dos casos com expressão moderada e 6,25% dos casos com marcação intensa. Já para Beta-catenina um caso apresentou marcação citoplasmática e os restantes em membrana celular.18,75% ausente de marcação, 25 % com marcação fraca, 50% dos casos com marcação moderada e 6,25 dos casos com marcação intensa. A imuno-marcação estava distribuída de forma difusa tanto no front de invasão quanto no parênquima do carcinoma. Casos com maior presença de E-caderina apresentaram mais metástases linfonodais, p=0,035. Para outros critérios de invasão nenhuma relação estatística significante foi observada. Sugere-se que E-caderina e Beta-catenina não fazem parte do processo de invasão e metástase de CXAP nem são fatores relacionados a invasão dos tecidos adjacentes. / Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CXAP) is the malignant counterpart of pleomorphic adenoma(PA), although malignant transformation of PA is unusual occurring in 10% of the PA cases. The CXAP histologically presents an intense morphologic variation due to the ability of the malignant tissue to originate from any structure of de mixed component. A significant number of CXAPs show an infiltrative behavior, lymph node metastasis and late metastasis. The cell component must undergo a morphologic alteration changing the epithelial phenotype to a mesenchymal one. That development process is known as epithelial-mesenchymal transiction (MET). This process is seen in physiologic situations, like cell migration on embryologic ectodermal evolution, tissue repair and int neoplastic processes. The main objective of this study was to evaluate immunohistochemical expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transiction proteins, e-caderin and beta-catenin in malignant areas of CXAP and correlate with pathologic parameters that indicates migration, like perineural and angiolymphatic invasion and metastasis as suggested by the literature. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed semiquantitatively according to the scores 0 (no positive cell), 1 (<10% positive cells), 2 (10-75% of cells positive, and 3 (>75% positive cells). These results were also correlated with pathological parameters of neoplastic aggressiveness using the Fisher\'s exact test. Of the16 cases, the parotid gland was the most involved site and men were affected in 53.8 % of our sample. The mean age was 52.9 year. The histopathological analysis showed that in all cases in which e-caderin was positive, the immunoreaction was of the cell membrane 12,5% of the cases showed absent of e-caderin expression, 50% showed weak expression, 31,25% showed moderate expression and 6,25 show strong one. In the other hand, b-catenin showed cytoplasmic expression in one case, all other cases showed protein in cell membrane. 18,75 showed absent expression, 25% showed weak expression, 50% showed moderate and 6,25% showed intense one. The immunohistochemical reaction was diffuse and presented itself in invasion front as well as in the carcinoma parenchyma. Cases presenting high expression of e-caderin developed more lymph node metastasis, p=0,035. For the others invasion parameters there was no statistic summary observed. This work suggest that e-caderin and b-catenin have no relation to CXAP carcinogenesis or invasion process

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:32:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertaBC.pdf: 1065704 bytes, checksum: 6e6f9aa3d97c1150d7b5fd4167469597 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma represent a benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasm, respectively, that shares the same histological origin, however with distinct biological behavior. The aim of the present study was identify the -160 C/A polymorphism in the gene CDH1, mutational analysis of CTNNB1 gene and evaluation the expression of the E-cadherin and ?-catenin in pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas. Furthermore, it was proposed correlate the immunochemistry staining patterns with the polymorphism and mutations. Twenty-four pleomorphic adenomas and 24 adenoid cystic carcinomas were retrieved. The polymorphism analysis was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), using the restriction enzymes HphI or AflIII and the mutational screening was performed by PCR-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). The immunohistochemical analysis was taken by the counting of cells, recorded as the Hscore index, and considering the presence or absence, intensity, distribution and localization of proteins expression. Comparing the two neoplasms, the results demonstrated statistically significant difference for the E-cadherin and ?-catenin expression, with pleomorphic adenoma presenting weaker immunostaining. Was observed statistical correlation between E-cadherin and ?-catenin expression. CDH1 heterozigotic polymorphism was seen in two cases and 13 cases displayed abnormal mobility electrophoretic shifts, suggesting CTNNB1 gene mutation. The immunohistochemical expression was not statistically correlated with the polymorphism or suggested mutations. In conclusion this study supports that the E-cadherin/?-catenin complex immunohistochemical expression might be related with the myoepithelial component amount and differentiation neither the tumor biological behavior. The cases that showed E-cadherin gene polymorphism presented reduced protein expression and, moreover, CTNNB1 suggested mutations seem not influence in the ?-catenin protein expression / O adenoma pleom?rfico e o carcinoma aden?ide c?stico representam neoplasias de gl?ndula salivar benigna e maligna, respectivamente, que compartilham a mesma origem histol?gica, por?m com comportamentos biol?gicos distintos. O prop?sito deste estudo consistiu na identifica??o do polimorfismo -160 C/A da regi?o promotora do gene CDH1 (E-caderina), na triagem de muta??es no gene CTNNB1 (?-catenina), e ainda na an?lise da express?o imuno-histoqu?mica das prote?nas E-caderina e ?-catenina em adenomas pleom?rficos e carcinomas aden?ides c?sticos. Al?m disso, objetivou-se correlacionar os achados imuno-histoqu?micos com as poss?veis muta??es e polimorfismo. Foram selecionados 24 casos de adenoma pleom?rfico e 24 casos de carcinoma aden?ide c?stico. Para a identifica??o do polimorfismo no gene da E-caderina empregou-se a t?cnica RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) utilizando-se enzimas de restri??o HphI e AflIII. A triagem de muta??es no exon 3 do gene da ?-catenina foi realizada por meio de SSCP (single strand conformational polymorphism). Para a an?lise imuno-histoqu?mica, procedeu-se contagem de c?lulas, por meio do ?ndice HScore e verificou-se presen?a ou aus?ncia, intensidade, padr?o de distribui??o e localiza??o celular e tecidual das prote?nas. Os resultados demonstraram diferen?a estatisticamente significativa quando a marca??o imuno-histoqu?mica, tanto da E-caderina quanto ?-catenina, foi comparada entre as duas neoplasias estudadas, apresentando o adenoma pleom?rfico express?o reduzida. Observou-se correla??o estatisticamente significativa entre a imuno-marca??o da E-caderina e ?-catenina. Dois casos (1 adenoma pleom?rfico e 1 carcinoma aden?ide c?stico) apresentaram polimorfismo heterozig?tico no gene CDH1 e 13 casos (6 adenomas pleom?rficos e 7 carcinomas aden?ides c?sticos) exibiram varia??o no padr?o de corrida eletrofor?tica, sugerindo muta??o do gene CTNNB1. N?o houve correla??o estatisticamente significativa entre a marca??o imuno-histoqu?mica e presen?a de polimorfismo ou poss?veis muta??es. Conclui-se que a express?o imuno-histoqu?mica do complexo E-caderina/?-catenina pode estar relacionada com a quantidade e diferencia??o do componente mioepitelial e n?o ao comportamento biol?gico dos tumores. Os casos que exibiram polimorfismo no gene da E-caderina apresentaram redu??o na express?o prot?ica e, por fim, as poss?veis muta??es no gene CTNNB1 parecem n?o influenciar na express?o da prote?na ?-catenina

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-11-18T14:44:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao - Jean Carlos Barbosa Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 2525407 bytes, checksum: 706cd059143385efad393d4ecd42839c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-11-18T15:42:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao - Jean Carlos Barbosa Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 2525407 bytes, checksum: 706cd059143385efad393d4ecd42839c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-18T15:42:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao - Jean Carlos Barbosa Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 2525407 bytes, checksum: 706cd059143385efad393d4ecd42839c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common salivary gland tumor, however its etiopathogenesis is unclear, as well as your neoplastic potential. Studies have already been done investigating apoptosis, mucosecretory activity and proliferation cellular, although these studies are controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the neoplastic potential of the PA of minor oral salivary glands measured by apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax and p53), mucosecretory activity (MUC1), and cellular proliferation (Ki-67). Thirty-one cases of PA of the oral cavity and 4 controls (C) taken from normal oral minor salivary glands were analyzed by immunohistochemistry technique. The proteins were detected utilizing a semi-quantitative method (scores) as follows: (-) negative ≤ 5%, (+) low 6–25%, (++) moderate 26–50% and (+++) high >50% of positive tumour cells. The apoptotic indices were evaluated by the ratio Bcl-2/Bax. Non-parametric comparison and correlation tests were used for analysis. The data showed high staining of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in both groups (PA= 57.9%; C=67.7%) and an expression significantly lower of pro-apoptotic protein Bax (PA=22.7%; C=97.7%) and MUC1 (PA=14%; C=82.3%) in PA than in C (p<0.001). On the other hand, we observed a similar expression of Ki-67 and p53 proteins (≤ 5%) in both PA and C. In PA, only 2 cases showed the ratio Bcl-2/Bax <1. There was no difference in cellular expression with regard to clinical variables clinical and outcome (p>0.05). The neoplastic potential of PA can be associated with an imbalance in apoptotic processes and a lower index of proliferation cellular and that the mucosecretory activity does not play a significant role in primary PA. / Adenoma Pleomórfico (AP) é o tumor de glândula salivar mais comum, entretanto sua etiopatogênese permanece incerta bem como seu potencial neoplásico. Estudos têm sido realizados no intuito de investigar apoptose, atividade mucosecretora e proliferação celular em AP, entretanto estes trabalhos são controversos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o potencial neoplásico do AP de glândulas salivares menores de boca mensurados pela apoptose (Bcl-2, Bax e p53), atividade mucosecretora (MUC1) e proliferação celular (Ki-67). Trinta e um casos de AP da cavidade oral e quatro controles (C), biopsiadas de glândulas salivares menores orais normais foram analisadas através da técnica imuno-histoquímica. As proteínas foram detectadas utilizando um método semi-quantitativo (scores) seguindo os seguintes critérios: (-) negativa ≤ 5%, (+) baixa 6-25%, (+ +) moderada 26-50% e (+ + +) alta > 50% expressão de células tumorais marcadas positivamente. Para avaliação dos índices de apoptose, a razão Bcl-2/Bax foi utilizada. Comparação não paramétrica e testes de correlação foram utilizados para a análise. Os dados mostraram elevada marcação de proteína antiapoptótica Bcl-2 em ambos os grupos (AP = 57,9% C = 67,7%) e uma expressão significativamente mais baixa da proteína pró-apoptótica Bax (AP = 22,7% C = 97,7%) e MUC1 (AP = 14% C = 82,3%) em AP do que em C (p <0,001). Por outro lado, observou-se uma expressão semelhante de Ki-67 e p53 (≤ 5%) em ambos os grupos. Em AP, apenas 2 casos apresentaram a relação Bcl-2/Bax <1. Não houve diferença na expressão celular, no que diz respeito às variáveis clínicas e o desfecho (p> 0,05). O potencial neoplásico do AP pode ser associado a um desequilíbrio nos processos apoptóticos, e os baixos índices de proliferação celular e a atividade mucosecretora parece não desempenhar papel significativo no AP primários.