Este estudo situa-se no campo da investigação da História Educacional, particularmente a que se dedica as relações entre etnia/religião e minorias nacionais. O objeto de análise centra-se na trajetória do Ginásio Israelita Brasileiro Chaim Nachman Bialik. O ponto de partida desta reflexão concentra-se no período de sua fundação, no bairro de Pinheiros, na cidade de São Paulo, em 1943, junto à sinagoga Beth Jacob até o ano 1955, momento de sua oficialização frente às autoridades educacionais brasileiras. Esta instituição foi fruto do esforço de um grupo de imigrantes da Europa Oriental e de ascendência judaica, tendo por objetivo proporcionar à comunidade uma opção consciente de educação com os valores, tradição e ética judaicos. A partir dessas colocações, é importante sublinhar que a comunidade judaica brasileira na verdade é plural, sendo provenientes de fluxos migratórios da primeira metade do século XX. E no momento de sua chegada eram considerados desenraizados, pois em seus países de origem eram qualificados como apátridas e aqui, como refugiados. Para desenvolver este estudo utilizou-se documentos do arquivo escolar, como também a coleta de depoimentos contemporâneos utilizando a metodologia da História Oral. Com base nessas fontes, foi necessário desvendar os indícios e/ou traços que permitiram visualizar a multiplicidade da trajetória deste grupo. O ponto de investigação gira em torno da relação escola/sinagoga que marcou a fundação da instituição. Torna-se oportuno, portanto, vincular o percurso institucional e o processo histórico educacional e político do país. Assim, há a preocupação nesta reflexão de perceber o alinhamento do sistema educacional com as formas de pensar e agir de parte da comunidade judaica européia em uma outra terra. Como também, compreender os agentes envolvidos no processo de formação e desenvolvimento econômico e social de parcela da comunidade no Brasil, promovendo o seu enraizamento. A escola Bialik no seu processo de constituição, analisado neste estudo, promove a visualização dos caminhos percorridos para a construção do sentimento de pertencimento a um grupo afetivo determinado, gerando assim, a elaboração de identidades multifacetadas. / This study is situated in Educational History field, specifically in that area which is dedicated to ethnic/religious relations and national minorities. The objective of the analysis is centered around the trajectory of the Ginásio Israelita Brasileiro Chaim Nachman Bialik. The starting point of this study concentrates on the the period of the schools foundation, in the district of Pinheiros, in the city of Sãon Paulo, in 1943, along with the Beth Jacob sinagogue during the years that end with 1955, the time when the school became oficially recognized by the Brazilian educational authorities. This educational institution was the result of the efforts of a group of immigrants from Western Europe who were of Jewish descent, whose objective was to provide the community with a conscious educational option based on Jewish values, traditions and ethnicity. Based on these premises, it is important to underline the fact that the Brazilian Jewish community is in truth plural, resulting from the migratory fluxuations of the first half of the 20th century. Ast the moment of their arrival in Brazil they were considered a people without roots, as their countries of origin were classified as without a country and in Brazil they were seen as refugees. In the development of this study, documents of the school archives were researched, as well as a collection of contemporary interviews utilizing the Oral History method. Based on these sources, it was necessary unveil the indications and the aspects that allow the groups multiple trajectory to be examined. The investigative point turns around the school/sinagogue relationship that marks the foundation of the institution. Therefore, it becomess important to trace the institutional path and the historical educational and political of the country. Thus, there is a concern in this study in perceiving the alignment of the educational system with the thought and action forms of the European Jewish community within a different nation. Also, to understand the agents involved in the social and economic development and formation process of this community in Brazil that led to the creation of established roots. The Bialik School during its constitutional process, analysized in this study, promotes a visualization of the path followed for the construction of the feeling of belonging within a a determined group, thus generating the elaboration of multifaceted identities.

Este estudo situa-se no campo da investigação da História Educacional, particularmente a que se dedica as relações entre etnia/religião e minorias nacionais. O objeto de análise centra-se na trajetória do Ginásio Israelita Brasileiro Chaim Nachman Bialik. O ponto de partida desta reflexão concentra-se no período de sua fundação, no bairro de Pinheiros, na cidade de São Paulo, em 1943, junto à sinagoga Beth Jacob até o ano 1955, momento de sua oficialização frente às autoridades educacionais brasileiras. Esta instituição foi fruto do esforço de um grupo de imigrantes da Europa Oriental e de ascendência judaica, tendo por objetivo proporcionar à comunidade uma opção consciente de educação com os valores, tradição e ética judaicos. A partir dessas colocações, é importante sublinhar que a comunidade judaica brasileira na verdade é plural, sendo provenientes de fluxos migratórios da primeira metade do século XX. E no momento de sua chegada eram considerados desenraizados, pois em seus países de origem eram qualificados como apátridas e aqui, como refugiados. Para desenvolver este estudo utilizou-se documentos do arquivo escolar, como também a coleta de depoimentos contemporâneos utilizando a metodologia da História Oral. Com base nessas fontes, foi necessário desvendar os indícios e/ou traços que permitiram visualizar a multiplicidade da trajetória deste grupo. O ponto de investigação gira em torno da relação escola/sinagoga que marcou a fundação da instituição. Torna-se oportuno, portanto, vincular o percurso institucional e o processo histórico educacional e político do país. Assim, há a preocupação nesta reflexão de perceber o alinhamento do sistema educacional com as formas de pensar e agir de parte da comunidade judaica européia em uma outra terra. Como também, compreender os agentes envolvidos no processo de formação e desenvolvimento econômico e social de parcela da comunidade no Brasil, promovendo o seu enraizamento. A escola Bialik no seu processo de constituição, analisado neste estudo, promove a visualização dos caminhos percorridos para a construção do sentimento de pertencimento a um grupo afetivo determinado, gerando assim, a elaboração de identidades multifacetadas. / This study is situated in Educational History field, specifically in that area which is dedicated to ethnic/religious relations and national minorities. The objective of the analysis is centered around the trajectory of the Ginásio Israelita Brasileiro Chaim Nachman Bialik. The starting point of this study concentrates on the the period of the schools foundation, in the district of Pinheiros, in the city of Sãon Paulo, in 1943, along with the Beth Jacob sinagogue during the years that end with 1955, the time when the school became oficially recognized by the Brazilian educational authorities. This educational institution was the result of the efforts of a group of immigrants from Western Europe who were of Jewish descent, whose objective was to provide the community with a conscious educational option based on Jewish values, traditions and ethnicity. Based on these premises, it is important to underline the fact that the Brazilian Jewish community is in truth plural, resulting from the migratory fluxuations of the first half of the 20th century. Ast the moment of their arrival in Brazil they were considered a people without roots, as their countries of origin were classified as without a country and in Brazil they were seen as refugees. In the development of this study, documents of the school archives were researched, as well as a collection of contemporary interviews utilizing the Oral History method. Based on these sources, it was necessary unveil the indications and the aspects that allow the groups multiple trajectory to be examined. The investigative point turns around the school/sinagogue relationship that marks the foundation of the institution. Therefore, it becomess important to trace the institutional path and the historical educational and political of the country. Thus, there is a concern in this study in perceiving the alignment of the educational system with the thought and action forms of the European Jewish community within a different nation. Also, to understand the agents involved in the social and economic development and formation process of this community in Brazil that led to the creation of established roots. The Bialik School during its constitutional process, analysized in this study, promotes a visualization of the path followed for the construction of the feeling of belonging within a a determined group, thus generating the elaboration of multifaceted identities.

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de rendre compte d’une figure particulièrement dynamique dans l’écriture de Leïla Sebbar, celle de l’adolescent fugueur. Mohamed dans Le Chinois vert d’Afrique (1982) et Shérazade dans Shérazade, 17 ans, brune, frisée, les yeux verts (1984), personnifient une réalité autre que celle accolée aux jeunes descendants de l’immigration maghrébine (surtout algérienne), partagés entre les codes culturels du pays d’origine et ceux du pays de naissance. L’hybridité des personnages et leur mobilité aléatoire permettent de réévaluer les discours sociaux dominants émis en France, pays tiraillé entre les aspirations d’unité nationale et l’histoire coloniale. Le premier chapitre fera état du contact des fugueurs avec la représentation picturale et sa place dans la constitution de leur identité. À la lumière de ces observations, la seconde partie du travail se penchera sur la prise de conscience du regard de l’Autre et le questionnement de l’image préconçue de l’adolescent de banlieue inculte en mal d’insertion sociale. La déconstruction de ce cliché permettra dans le troisième chapitre d’aborder la réappropriation de l’objet culturel par les fugueurs, procédant à une véritable démocratisation de la culture élitiste. Le quatrième chapitre sera enfin consacré au mouvement des fugueurs dans l’espace et dans le temps. Nous y verrons comment les fugueurs, intermédiaires entre la ville et sa banlieue mais aussi entre le paradis perdu du pays d’origine et le désarroi des parents immigrés, provoquent la relecture de l’histoire des générations passées tout en gardant un œil critique sur l’avenir. / The purpose of this master’s thesis is to study the dynamic figure of the runaway in the writing of Leïla Sebbar. Mohamed in “Le Chinois Vert d’Afrique” (1982) and Shérazade in “Shérazade, 17 ans, brune, frisée, les yeux verts” (1984), personifie a reality that the young descendants of the North African immigration must encounter, torn between the cultural codes of the country of origin and the country of birth. The blend of the characters’ culture and their constant mobility reassess the dominant social discourse during a time when France was torn between the aspirations of a national unity and colonial history. The first chapter examines the cultural blend of the runaways with the pictorial representation and its place in the formation of the young protagonists’ identity. In light of these observations, the second part of the thesis will focus on the characters’ awareness of the Other’s perception. The stereotypical suburban teenager lacking culture resulting in the character feeling out of place is being questioned. The breakdown of the “cliché” in the third chapter will address the importance of culture by characters, allowing for a democratization of an upper class culture. The fourth chapter is devoted to the movement of the runaways in space and time. Between the city and its suburbs, the lost paradise that Algeria represents, and the distress of the parents that have left their beloved country, the last part of this study will focus on the characters’ contribution to the rewriting of the history of past and future generations.

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de rendre compte d’une figure particulièrement dynamique dans l’écriture de Leïla Sebbar, celle de l’adolescent fugueur. Mohamed dans Le Chinois vert d’Afrique (1982) et Shérazade dans Shérazade, 17 ans, brune, frisée, les yeux verts (1984), personnifient une réalité autre que celle accolée aux jeunes descendants de l’immigration maghrébine (surtout algérienne), partagés entre les codes culturels du pays d’origine et ceux du pays de naissance. L’hybridité des personnages et leur mobilité aléatoire permettent de réévaluer les discours sociaux dominants émis en France, pays tiraillé entre les aspirations d’unité nationale et l’histoire coloniale. Le premier chapitre fera état du contact des fugueurs avec la représentation picturale et sa place dans la constitution de leur identité. À la lumière de ces observations, la seconde partie du travail se penchera sur la prise de conscience du regard de l’Autre et le questionnement de l’image préconçue de l’adolescent de banlieue inculte en mal d’insertion sociale. La déconstruction de ce cliché permettra dans le troisième chapitre d’aborder la réappropriation de l’objet culturel par les fugueurs, procédant à une véritable démocratisation de la culture élitiste. Le quatrième chapitre sera enfin consacré au mouvement des fugueurs dans l’espace et dans le temps. Nous y verrons comment les fugueurs, intermédiaires entre la ville et sa banlieue mais aussi entre le paradis perdu du pays d’origine et le désarroi des parents immigrés, provoquent la relecture de l’histoire des générations passées tout en gardant un œil critique sur l’avenir. / The purpose of this master’s thesis is to study the dynamic figure of the runaway in the writing of Leïla Sebbar. Mohamed in “Le Chinois Vert d’Afrique” (1982) and Shérazade in “Shérazade, 17 ans, brune, frisée, les yeux verts” (1984), personifie a reality that the young descendants of the North African immigration must encounter, torn between the cultural codes of the country of origin and the country of birth. The blend of the characters’ culture and their constant mobility reassess the dominant social discourse during a time when France was torn between the aspirations of a national unity and colonial history. The first chapter examines the cultural blend of the runaways with the pictorial representation and its place in the formation of the young protagonists’ identity. In light of these observations, the second part of the thesis will focus on the characters’ awareness of the Other’s perception. The stereotypical suburban teenager lacking culture resulting in the character feeling out of place is being questioned. The breakdown of the “cliché” in the third chapter will address the importance of culture by characters, allowing for a democratization of an upper class culture. The fourth chapter is devoted to the movement of the runaways in space and time. Between the city and its suburbs, the lost paradise that Algeria represents, and the distress of the parents that have left their beloved country, the last part of this study will focus on the characters’ contribution to the rewriting of the history of past and future generations.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka kontinuitet och förändring i holländares identitet(er) när de flyttar till Sverige. Teorier kring identitet och förändring/förhandling appliceras på empiri som framkommer ur intervjuer med fyra holländska informanter som har emigrerat till Sverige. Resultatet visar att identitet är något som informanterna anser vara relativt konstant under livets gång vad gäller personlighet, karaktärsdrag och nationalitet. Dock är de överens om att identitetsförändringar sker beroende på ålder och nya livsroller som exempelvis när man blir företagare eller förälder. Holländare och svenskar tycks vara så lika vad gäller utseende att myndigheter tror att även sociala, ekonomiska och politiska system liknar de svenska systemen. Hos de holländska informanterna finns dock ett behov att särskilja sig från svenskarna samtidigt som de vill integrera med svenskarna. Integrationsprocessen innebär även att i vissa sammanhang identifierar de sig som holländare och i andra sammanhang identifierar de sig mer som svenskar. / The purpose of the thesis is to investigate continuity and change in Dutch peoples´ identities as they immigrate to Sweden. Identity and change/negotiation theories will be applied to empirical material gained from interviews with four Dutch participants who have immigrated to Sweden. The result shows that identity is something that the immigrants view as relatively constant through their lives what concerns personality, character and nationality. They agree that changes in identity occur when factors such as age and new roles in life as for an example when one becomes a company owner or a parent. Dutch and Swedish people seem to be the same when it comes to appearance that one thinks that even social, economic and political systems are the same as the Swedish systems. Because of this the Dutch participants seem to separate themselves from the Swedes and at the same time they want to integrate with the Swedes. The integration process contains that in some contexts the Dutch immigrant identify him-/herself as a Dutch person and in other contexts they identify more as a Swedish person.