Thesis (MMus)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this thesis, the term pluralism is used to refer to the different musical and non-musical aspects that form part of a musical composition. Hans Roosenschoon, whose work is the focus of this study, is open about the fact that there are many pluralistic elements in his compositions and he admits to borrowing from others in his music. The thesis provides a short overview of techniques used when borrowing music with the focus on techniques used after 1950. This initial section also includes a short biography of Hans Roosenschoon with a broad overview of his compositional techniques. In the next section, selected works of Roosenschoon are approached in two ways. First, an article by Christopher Ballantine on the compositions of Charles Ives serves to launch a discussion on meaning in borrowed music. When Ballantine wrote about the works of Ives, he focused on the meaning that quotations possess rather than on giving comprehensive analyses of the works. Consequently Ballantine’s focus on musical meaning in Ives’s works is compared to musical meaning generated in Roosenschoon’s work, bearing in mind that Ballantine focuses on Ives's collages, and the majority of Roosenschoon's compositions are technically not collages. Roosenschoon’s use of canonical works from Beethoven and Mozart and the subsequent construction of new musical contexts is explored. ‘New musical contexts’ are differentiated to include a discussion on the difference of borrowing music accompanied by text compared to music without text, using five different compositions as examples. In the third chapter pluralism is extended further to include non-musical influences, with specific focus on possible political undercurrents in Roosenschoon’s compositions. All examples of political impulses in Roosenschoon’s compositions and writings are based on specific text examples written by Roosenschoon as well as personal interviews, and not inferences. Three compositions serve as examples of potentially political works, although not all of the political gestures are visible in the music itself, but were discovered through documents and discussions with the composer. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word die term pluralisme gebruik word om te verwys na die verskillende musikale en nie-musikale aspekte wat deel vorm van 'n musikale komposisie. Hans Roosenschoon, wie se werk die fokus van hierdie studie is, is openhartig oor die feit dat daar baie pluralistiese elemente in sy komposisies is. Hy erken verder dat hy van ander komponiste se musiek gebruik maak in sy eie komposisies. Na 'n kort oorsig van die tegnieke wat gebruik word wanneer musiek geleen word, verskuif die fokus na die tegnieke wat gebruik is na 1950. Hierdie afdeling sluit ook 'n kort biografie van Hans Roosenschoon in met 'n breë oorsig van sy komposisietegnieke. In die volgende afdeling word geselekteerde werke van Roosenschoon op twee maniere benader. Eerstens dien 'n artikel deur Christopher Ballantine oor die komposisies van Charles Ives as beginpunt van 'n bespreking oor die betekenis wat geleende musiek moontlik inhou. Wanneer Ballantine skryf oor die komposisies van Ives, fokus hy op die betekenis van aangehaalde musiek eerder as op omvattende ontleding van die werke. Vervolgens word Ballantine se fokus op musikale betekenis in Ives se komposisies vergelyk met die musikale betekenis wat gegenereer word in Roosenschoon se werk, met die verstaan dat Ballantine gefokus het op Ives se collages, en die meerderheid van Roosenschoon se komposisies tegnies nie collages is nie. Roosenschoon se gebruik van die kanoniese werke van Beethoven en Mozart en die daaropvolgende konstruksie van nuwe musikale kontekste word ondersoek. In hierdie ondersoek word daar ‘n onderskeid getref wanneer teks by die musiek betrokke is en wanneer dit nie 'n faktor is nie. Vyf verskillende komposisies word in hierdie afdeling bespreek. In die derde hoofstuk word pluralisme verder uitgebrei om nie-musikale invloede in te sluit, met 'n spesifieke fokus op die moontlike politieke ondertone in Roosenschoon se komposisies. Alle voorbeelde van politieke impulse in Roosenschoon se komposisies en geskrifte word gebaseer op spesifieke tekste wat deur Roosenschoon geskryf is, sowel as persoonlike onderhoude, en nie blote afleidings nie. Drie komposisies dien as voorbeelde van potensiële politiese werke.

I argue that satisfaction and reference—and therefore, truth—are multiply realizable properties. I advocate a novel approach motivated by a commitment to the robustness and fruitfulness of truth-theoretic approaches to natural language semantics. DEFLATIONISM: Philosophers keen on deflating the metaphysical pretensions of truth theories claim that we need not appeal to a substantive truth-property. Recently, however, some philosophers have sought to combine deflationism about truth with the view that our concept of truth or the truth-predicate can play an important role in natural language semantics. TRUTH-THEORETIC SEMANTICS: The goal of a formal semantic theory of a natural language is to provide both the semantic values of that language’s lexically primitive items as well as the semantically significant modes of combining those basic elements into meaningful and more complex expressions. Most approaches have in common a commitment to finite stateability and compositionality as well as a commitment to something like Davidson’s “Convention T.” PLURALISM: Pluralists about truth argue that different areas of discourse have different truth-properties. Can pluralism successfully be combined with a commitment to truth-theoretic semantics? OPEN SEMANTIC FUNCTIONALISM: The pluralist approaches to truth are unsatisfactory for a variety of reasons. The only option, I argue, is to regard truth as multiply-realizable. Specifically, we should view the set of truth’s realizers as possessing non-actual members—as being “open.” Truth is defined in the usual way in terms of reference and satisfaction, but these latter two relations are to be understood as multiply realizable but open. The property of truth can be specified using the Ramsey/Lewis method. My final view—Open Semantic Functionalism—respects compositionality and finite stateability, avoids triviality, handles plurality, and fits with robust, explanatorily significant natural language semantic theories.

In this thesis, I outline the normative relevance of religious political parties as carriers of values in the context of contemporary political theory. The central argument of my thesis is that religious political parties are, in ideal terms, vital institutional tools for channelling religious claims into the public political realm of liberal democratic polities, in a way that favours democracy. The reason for my claim is that there is a set of normative criteria that all political parties ought to comply with. These include loyal opposition (i.e. the endorsement of the constitutional and institutional framework in which parties operate), acknowledgement and respect of political pluralism and commitment to pursuing power only through legal means. These normative criteria are grounded in the idea that political parties are “bilingual”, i.e. they occupy a unique position between civil society and public political realm. By complying with these criteria political parties can contribute in channelling and moderating religious and other perfectionist claims in a way that renders them suitable for democratic politics. Furthermore I argue that religious political parties are best incorporated, in ideal terms, by a regime of nonconstitutional pluralism, where no religious faith is officially recognized in the constitution but the political guarantees exist for the expression of religious views in the public political realm through religious political parties. Finally, I examine two specific religious parties, the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi - AKP) in Turkey and the former Christian Democratic Party (Democrazia Cristiana - DC) in Italy, in order to assess to which extent they have complied with the normative criteria of party politics and, therefore, contributed in enhancing democracy in their respective polities.

This thesis defends Semantic Pluralism, the view that sentences express sets of propositions in context. It puts forward two arguments against Contextualism, the main opposing view, on which each sentence expresses exactly one proposition in context. It spells out two versions of Pluralism: Flexible Pluralism, which takes most sentences to be context-sensitive, and Strong Pluralism, which denies that context-sensitivity is widespread. And it defends Flexible Pluralism and Strong Pluralism from a number of objections.

The thesis considers the career of the Student Christian Movement (SCM) which was founded in 1892 to promote missions and to recruit students for missionary work. As it grew, the SCM extended its operations to the founding and servicing of Christian Unions in colleges and progressively abandoned its evangelical roots and come to play a major part in the development of liberalism and ecumenism. In the nineteen sixties it became more radical than liberal and developed an interest in Marxism and alternative life styles. The career of the conservative evangelical Inter-Varsity Fellowship (IVF), formed as a result of a number of schisms from SCM, is also charted. These two movement organisations are considered in the light of ideas derived from the sociology of social movements. In the Introduction a brief critical account of various dominant theories of social movement origination is presented and elements of an alternative, voluntaristic, and essentially processual account are advanced. The careers of SCM and IVF are used to suggest correctives to a number of theoretical insights that have been developed on the basis of an exaggeration of the division between stable society and social movement. Particular topics dealt with include the growth and spread of social movements, goal transformation, schism and decline. It is argued that the rapid rise of SCM can be understood as resulting from (a) the existence of a wealthy milieu which accepted the movement as legitimate and (b) the SCM's attitude towards its own purpose and ideology which was open and inclusive. This denominationalism allowed the SCM to utilise the resources of the milieu and to recruit rapidly. It also laid the foundation for an erosion of purpose and identity. Many of the problems that promoted the decline of the SCM were caused by the particular nature of its constituency, recruiting as it did among students and experiencing therefore a high membership turnover, but a full understanding of the contrast between the decline of SCM and the stability of lVF requires consideration of the ideologies that informed the two organisations. For this reason the final chapter is concerned with the reasons for the precariousness of liberal protestantism and the strength of conservative evangelicalism.

This research seeks to understand how Québec governments have constructed the relation between national identity and cultural diversity from the 1960s’ Quiet Revolution to the 2010s by analyzing the discursive and historical dynamics that have shaped Québec identity politics in this period. First, it clarifies how national identity and cultural diversity are symbolically constructed in relation to one another by analyzing three key discursive lenses that have shaped the construction of national identity and cultural diversity in Québec since the Quiet Revolution, namely nationalism, pluralism, and secularism. These lenses offer different interpretations of the identity-diversity problematic, suggesting competing imperatives that social actors must balance against one another when constructing the relation between national identity and cultural diversity. Second, this research examines how state actors in Québec have mobilized these lenses through policy initiatives and discursive strategies and tried to influence how members of their community think about national identity and respond to cultural diversity. Québec governments’ approaches to diversity management have shifted significantly in this period, from promoting the French language and intercultural integration in the mid- to late-20th century to focusing on religious difference and rigid secularism in the early 21st century. Contributors to this shift include increasing nationalist anxieties through the 1990s, followed by the reasonable accommodation debate and the Bouchard-Taylor Commission in the 2000s. This analysis highlights the challenges that sub-state nationalists face when constructing the relation between national identity and cultural diversity, including the need to manage the cultural anxieties of the majority group. / Graduate

Thesis advisor: Nasser Behnegar / Political ideology can be described in terms of value pluralist theory. Much of the variation between political ideologies can be explained by the fact that the principles that are essential to society--liberty, equality, fraternity, peace, loyalty, and civilization--are incommensurable and often conflict forcing each person and community to emphasize some principles over others leading to an imperfect society. Each political ideology is a combination of interests and the selected balance of principles and thus can be essentially defined according to the level of preference for each of these six principles. This paper studies major political ideologies throughout the globe and develops a model for understanding them in these terms. This paper further argues for a pluralist democracy, with constantly shifting ideological dominance in a community as the next best thing to an impossible utopia and the only means of preventing the collapse of society due to a lack of essential principles. This model makes clear the fallacy of understanding political ideology in terms of "left" and "right," which not only oversimplify political ideology but also fundamentally misrepresent it. It also leads to narrowing visions of politics that prevent significant changes to a political system and undermine the possibility for pluralist democracy. / Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Political Science.

Student Number : 0510823J - MA research report - School of Social Sciences - Faculty of Humanities / This dissertation traces the changing relationship of the ANC with liberal democracy from the party's inception to the present, and analyses the various influences upon, and shifts within, the ANC's thinking with regard to liberal democracy over this period. The paper argues that the years between 1987 and 1994 represented a critical and dramatic shift in the ANC's relationship with liberal democratic values in which it came to openly state its acceptance of institutionalised pluralism and rights. It also argues, however, that despite the momentous and extremely valuable nature of these commitments for the consolidation of liberal democracy in South Africa, there remain suggestions within the language and discourse of the ANC that are problematic for its full realisation, the essence of which lies in the ANC's own understanding and interpretation of the meaning of liberal democracy

This mixed methods study explored and measured the multi-dimensional construct of global-mindedness as it applies to the study abroad professional and defines the term study abroad professional. Hett’s (1993) Global-Mindedness Scale and the five dimensions of responsibility, cultural pluralism, efficacy, globalcentrism, and interconnectedness was utilized to determine the global-mindedness of study abroad professionals. Additionally, open and closed-ended questions were used to identify similarities across the study abroad professionals and to help define and give meaning to the term study abroad professional. Research findings lead to the identification of four themes. Theme one focused on characteristics that lend themselves to defining the term study abroad professionals. Theme two focused on the individual characteristics and their association with Hett’s five dimensions of global-mindedness. Qualitative data were used to support the various research questions whose answers became part of the working definition for a study abroad professional. Theme three focused on study abroad. And, theme four focused on evolving job announcements. International education, specifically study abroad, has become a specialized and recognized profession. What has emerged are specific academic requirements, professional training, and various professional and personal experiences being a requirement for entry into the field. Individuals entering the study abroad profession need to have an advanced degree, most likely in education or international/global studies (although other majors are acceptable), they will have studied, interned, volunteered, worked, or lived abroad, they will have good communication skills, be open-minded, organized, flexible, patient, empathetic, culturally sensitive, interculturally competent, and will have previous experience in the field. These findings have led to the definition of a study abroad professional. a study abroad professional is a globally-minded administrator or advisor with international and professional experiences, educational credentials, and personal traits that help them to relate to, communicate with, and support students, faculty, and staff, while fostering a safe study abroad environment that meets the needs of the institution and diverse student populations. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2018. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

陳美玲. / 論文(神學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1998. / 參考文獻: leaves 96-100. / 中英文摘要. / Chen Meiling. / Chapter 1. --- 導言 --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- 希克的宗教多元主義如何理解基督宗教 --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- 救贖與宗教傳統 --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- "希克對""宗教""的理解" --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- 宗教經驗與意義 --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- 基督宗教與其他宗教傳統 --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2 --- "希克的提案一一 ""哥白尼式神學""" --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- """上帝中心""的基督宗教" --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- "不可言喻的""實在""" --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- "希克的""神話""基督論" --- p.36 / Chapter 3. --- 一元拯救論結構的宗教多元主義假說 --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1 --- 方法論上的問題 --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- 基本論題 --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- 沒有內容的認信一一進退兩難 --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2 --- ´ؤ元救贖終局與多元救贖終局 --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- 只有一種終局的多元論 --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- 希克救贖觀的兼容取向 --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- 基督中心與上帝中心 --- p.63 / Chapter 4. --- 基督宗教拯救論的多元性 --- p.68 / Chapter 4.1 --- 初期基督教會對拯救論的理解 --- p.69 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- 基督爲照明者 --- p.71 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- 勝利者基督與回歸於一 --- p.74 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- 基督賜予不朽與神化 --- p.77 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- 基督爲我們的犧牲 --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2 --- 在多元實況下維持基督信仰的意義 --- p.86 / Chapter 5. --- 結語 --- p.91 / 參考書目 --- p.96 / 譯名對照表 --- p.101