Afrikaans: Tradisioneel wanneer na 'n saak as sinkretisties verwys word, is so 'n verwysing gevul met pejoratiewe konnotasies. Die grootste probleem met die bestudering van sinkre¬tisme was nog altyd en is steeds 'n definisieprobleem. Daar bestaan verskillende benaderingswyses tot die bestudering van sinkretisme. Sinkretisme kan vanuit 'n teologiese, fenomenologiese of godsdienshistoriese perspek¬tief benader word. Hierdie studie onderneem vanuit 'n teologiese vertrekpunt die bestu¬dering van sinkretisme om tot 'n beter verstaan daarvan binne die godsdienswetenskap en sendingwetenskap te kom. Dit is dus nodig om eers uit te klaar met watter definisie van sinkretisme gewerk word. Binne hierdie studie word sinkretisme verstaan as die resultaat van 'n proses van pluralisering, wat onder andere die proses van sekularise¬ring kan behels, en aanleiding gee tot die herinterpretasie en eklektiese hersakralise¬ring van elemente. Daar word op grond van Bybelse gegewens gewys hoe daar voorbeelde bestaan van hoe godsdienste weens interaksie met mekaar groei en verander. Sommige ge¬leerdes verwys na die prosesse as sinkretisme, alhoewel sommige na die prosesse as die normale ontwikkeling van godsdienste verwys. Dit bevestig weer die vermoede dat nie aile godsdiensvermenging as sonder meer sinkretisme tipeer kan word nie. Vir die verstaan van sinkretisme, wil hierdie studie aandui, is 'n grondige verstaan van wat openbaring en godsdiens is, nodig. Die verstaan van openbaring bepaal hoe godsdienste evalueer word. Sodra klarigheid verkry is oor wat godsdiens is, kan die interaksie tussen godsdienste evalueer word. Interaksie tussen godsdienste geskied egter nie in 'n lugleegte nie, maar vind plaas in samehang met 'n verskeidenheid van faktore. Daar is meer wat op die vorming en verandering van godsdienste inspeel as bloot net die kontak tussen godsdienste. Die godsdiens word volgens bepaalde prosesse in 'n kultuur ingedra. Hierdie proses van inkulturasie moet ook teologies evalueer word. In 'n veranderende tydsgees is dit ook noodsaaklik om opnuut te besin oor tradisio¬nele denke. In die Iig van die postmoderne is dit nodig om die saak van sinkretisme weer nuut te beskou. Sodoende kan nuwe antwoorde op nuwe vrae formuleer word en tot 'n beter verstaan van sinkretisme gekom word. English: Traditionally when something is referred to as syncretistic, such an etiquette is filled with pejorative connotations. The most complex part of studying syncretism was and still remains the problem of definition. A specific definition determines the uses of the term as well as the attitude with which the term will be used. There are different points of departure for studying syncretism. Syncretism can either be looked at from a theological, phenomenological or religio-historical perspecti¬ve. This study is undertaken from a theological point of reference to come to a better understanding of syncretism within religion and Missiology. Therefore it is necessary to first of all declare with which definition is worked here. In this study, syncretism is un¬derstood as the result of a process of pluralizing, which could also consist of the proc¬ess of secularising and could result in the re-interpretation and eclectic re-sacralising of elements. With reference to Biblical situations some examples are pointed out where religions grow and change due to interaction with one another. Some scholars refer to these processes as syncretism, while others indicate these processes as normal ways in which religions develop. This emphasises the fact that not all mixing of religions can be labelled as syncretism. For the understanding of syncretism, this study endeavours to indicate, that a thor¬ough knowledge of what revelation and religion is, is required. The way in which revela¬tion is understood, determines how religion is evaluated. The moment there is clarity on what religion is, the interaction between religions can be evaluated. Interaction among religions however never takes place in a void. It always takes pla¬ce in coherence with a variety of factors. There are more to the formation and change of religions as merely the contact between religions. Religion is introduced into a cultu¬re through certain processes. Therefore the process of inculturation also needs to be theologically evaluated. In a changing paradigm, it also becomes necessary to reconsider traditional thought patterns. In the light of the post-modern, it is necessary to reconsider syncretism. By doing so there can be new answers to new questions in order to arrive at a better un¬derstanding of syncretism. / Thesis (DD (Science of Religion and Missiology))--University of Pretoria, 2001. / Science of Religion and Missiology / unrestricted

This study is a comparison of theory and specific life experiences in heteroculturality. It synthesizes four conceptual frameworks describing individuals who have engaged in multiple culture-learning situations, and compares the themes derived from this synthesis with the attitudes and behaviors communicated by these multiculturally-socialized individuals.

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Yes / In this article, we draw attention to public-private dilemmas among psychologists that make sense of the debates around the replication crisis, citation practices and networking practices. We argue that the values of justice and caring map onto the public sphere and private sphere respectively and create the horns of a dilemma for academics. While bureaucratic justice is a publicly revered value of modernity in psychological research that underpins ethics, validity, reliability and equality of opportunity, ‘caring’ is a more subtle value of traditionalism that runs in parallel and is detected only by our psychological practices. In particular, we argue that it is detected by practices such as disputes between the replicated and their replicators in replication studies (understood as a dramatic counter reality) as to who is more ‘careless’ with procedure; citation (including the self-care of self-citation) as thanksgiving and incantation of powerful others in enchantment rituals, and the system of professional indebtedness that accrues in ‘kinship’ networks – where kinship is understood broadly as adoption into a research group and its network. The clashes between these values can lead to a sense of hypocrisy and irony in academic life, as incommensurate values split between private and public expression. From this position, we delve into Isaiah Berlin's work on incommensurate values to suggest that ethical pluralism, involving more public recognition of the equal but different ethical demands of these values can help overcome these everyday dilemmas in the public sphere.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-101).

Opting for an applied theory approach, this thesis addresses various means of "compenetration" between religious normative orders and normative orders of the Quebec and French States. / Based on a constructivist vision of law and on the impact of post-modernism, the thesis draws out a typology of pluralisms used in legislation with the aim to understand religious normativity (institutionalized pluralism and integrated pluralism), and distinguishes between four types of religious normativity invoked before the civil law judge, that is: the religious normativity of the State; the formal non-State religious normativity; the informal, community-based non-State religious normativity; and the personal and ethical non-State religious normativity. / After having noted the refusal of the principle of institutionalized pluralism in France and in Quebec, namely, the rejection of direct application, as such, of the religious normativity by the judge, and highlighting its exceptions resulting in particular from the mechanisms of private international law, this thesis studies the tools available to the civil law judge to take into consideration religious normativity. Here it concerns the facets of integrated pluralism which finds expression, in particular, through standards contained in the rules of civil law and in the fundamental right (civil liberty in France and subjective right in Quebec) of freedom of religion. / The thesis points to the persuasive role of the civil law judge in the functioning of integrated pluralism and the elaboration of a common normativity by consensus. The thesis insists on the procedural techniques that can be implemented to accept or refuse the integration of "foreigness" of norms and the "otherness" of values in its legal order and notes that the articulation of religious and State normativity can give rise to schemes of eviction and balance. The thesis concludes by the response to the question as to whether it is the religious norm in isolation or that which is linked to the normative order which is thus received in France and Quebec. In this respect, the question is whether integrated pluralism is a subjective pluralism, which seeks to take into consideration only ethical religious normativity, or an objective one, which recognizes the normative impact of religious normative orders on their members.

Denna uppsats syftar till att analysera den klassiska, den objektiva och den subjektivaförsoningsläran och se hur dessa förhåller sig till den pluralistiska och inklusivistiskareligionssynen. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka huruvida synen på Jesus som vägen till frälsning ide tre försoningslärorna förändras om samma försoningslära ställs emot pluralismen respektiveinklusivismen. I en koherensanalys undersöks huruvida någon av försoningslärorna inte är koherentmed pluralismen eller inklusivismen. Genom denna undersökning följer resultatet attsanningsbegreppet inte används på samma sätt i de olika religionssynerna och försoningslärornavilket leder till problem främst mellan den klassiska respektive den objektiva försoningsläran ochpluralismen. Det framkommer även att en viss form av pluralism - den restriktiva - är mer koherentmed försoningslärorna än andra former. Alla former av inklusivism och dess sanningsbegrepp ärmer lättförenliga med den klassiska och den objektiva försoningsläran än med den subjektiva. Ifallet med den subjektiva försoningsläran kan motiveringen för ett inklusivistisk synsätt ifrågasättasvilket gör den mer koherent med pluralism än med inklusivism. / In this essay the coherence between three theories of atonement are analysed with religiouspluralism and religious inclusivism. The atonement theories analysed are the classical, theobjective, and the subjective theory. The result shows if the role of Jesus as saviour in the Passionchanges if the specific theory of atonement is combined with religious pluralism or religiousinclusivism. Through an analysis of the coherence between the three theories of atonement andpluralism and inclusivism, it is made clear that the notion of truth is not viewed in the same waywithin the theories of atonement and religious pluralism and inclusivism. The classical and theobjective theory meets problems when combined with religious pluralism because of this. Only oneform of religious pluralism, the restrictive pluralism, is compatible with theese two theories ofatonement. All forms of religious inclusivism are coherent with the classical and the objectivetheory but not with the subjective theory wich is much more compatible with religious pluralism.