No description available.

"January 2002". / Thesis (DEd)--Macquarie University, Australian Centre for Educational Studies, School of Education, 2003. / Bibliography: p. 229-246. / Introduction: police education and police practice -- "Police": a definition -- Policing in a democratic society: the role dilemma -- Contemporary policing: a convergence of ideas -- Role conception: the United Kingdom -- Development of policing: Australia and the United States of America -- The nature of crime -- The police response: effectiveness and outcomes -- The perceptions and expectations of stakeholders -- The police culture -- The police organisation -- Police education and training: models of learning -- Police education and training: providers -- Police education and training: evaluation of 'training' models -- Police education and training: evaluation of 'professional models' -- Police education and training: evaluation of 'professional/academic' model -- Police education and training: evaluation of experience -- Conclusion. / A perception of escalating social disorder and allegations of police corruption and ineptitude have led to a social and political imperative to reform policing. Fundamental to this reform is the modification of the core mission of the police and the operational practices of the uniformed Constable. The core characteristics of policing and the operational practices of the uniformed Constable are determined by the core mission and the operational context of policing. -- Despite an imperative to reform the quality and provision of police services to the community the core mission of the police has not fundamentally altered during the last half century and remains crime control (Zaho, 1996). The core mission of contemporary policing has been criticised for being in direct conflict with basic democratic principles and for being simply unachievable. This thesis will establish that the origins and occurrence of crime, its prevalence and persistence is detennined by social, economic and cultural factors that are beyond the control of the police. It will be argued that long-term successful law-enforcement in a democratic society requires the acceptance, cooperation and approval of the community. Community oriented policing may provide the theoretical framework for internalising normative controls and for enhancing public participation in and sharing responsibility for crime control. -- It will be demonstrated that the strategc shift in policing implicit within the theoretical framework of community policing has significant implications for the reform of police . education and training. Several commentators and various Commissions of Inquiry have recommended upgrading police education and training, and the participation of police in tertiary education. -- The reform of police practice is contingent upon the reform of the core mission and the operational context of policing. The core mission and the operational context of policing is substantially defined, controlled and manipulated by the perceptions, expectations and actions of stakeholders. Directly or indirectly these have been found to be antithetical to alternative models of policing that are service orientated; thus blocking, diluting or redirecting efforts to implement community policing. -- Unless the core mission of the police and the operational context of policing are substantially modified then police education will continue to have a limited impact upon the operational practices of the uniformed Constable. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / xxi, 246 p

Orientador: Salvador Antonio Mireles Sandoval / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T03:18:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandes_WilquersonFelizardo_D.pdf: 4722535 bytes, checksum: 36d8f5d3fd5b0ebf3b00c0ff0ce4d681 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Seis dimensões influenciam na decisão pelo uso da força letal, com utilização de arma de fogo em situações de perigo, na complexidade de uma ação policial: 1) perfil do policial; 2) ambiente do confronto; 3) tomada de decisão; 4) reações emocionais; 5) lição aprendida antes e depois do evento; 6) valores e expectativas dos policiais quanto à visão interna e externa sobre enfrentamento armado. Quando uma ação é desencadeada, todas as dimensões citadas influenciam de alguma forma no resultado geral. É o que esta pesquisa se propõe analisar, com o objetivo de contribuir com apontamentos e subsídios psicossociológicos para o currículo relacionado ao uso da força e armas de fogo, no campo da educação policial. A metodologia combina explicação por mecanismos via técnicas etnometodológicas com utilização dos seguintes recursos: pesquisa bibliográfica, observação participante, entrevistas e grupos focais com policiais, iconografia com desenhos de confrontos elaborados por policiais que decidiram pelo uso da força letal Na introdução do trabalho, incluímos a problematização, os dilemas relacionados ao uso da força e a metodologia da pesquisa. O desenvolvimento foi estruturado em seis dimensões analíticas sobre a decisão pelo confronto armado, incluindo eventos que, em muitos episódios, resultaram no derramamento de sangue entre policiais e seus oponentes eventuais. Nas conclusões, apontamos as diversas impressões e reflexões sobre o assunto. Outras dimensões de análise podem existir, porém as seis que elencamos foram as que surgiram ao longo do desafio de quatro anos de pesquisa em educação com ênfase nas ciências sociais. / Abstract: In police action, six dimensions influence the decision to use lethal force, with a firearm in dangerous situations: 1) behavior of the police officer; 2) environment of confrontation; 3) decision making; 4) reactions emotional; 5) the learning before and after; 6) beliefs and expectations of police officers. When an action is triggered, all these dimensions in some way, can influence the overall result. That's what this thesis analyze search, with the aim of contributing to analysis psychosociological for curriculum related to the use of force and firearms, in the field of education. The methodology combines the following features: literature review, participant observation, interviews and focus groups, iconography with drawings prepared by police officers about use of lethal force. In the introduction to the work, include the problem, dilemmas related to the use of force, and research methodology. The development was divided into six analytical dimensions of the decision by the armed confrontation. The conclusions point out the various impressions and thoughts on the subject. Further analysis dimensions may exist, but the six that were those that emerged during the challenge four years of research in education with an emphasis in social sciences. / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Doutor em Educação

This dissertation consists of three essays in the field of applied environmental economics. The first two essays study the effect of daily ambient temperature on police officer behavior. Police officers often exercise substantial discretion when making highly consequential decisions, which can lead to unfair and arbitrary law enforcement. In the first chapter, I exploit daily ambient temperature as a source of transitory, high-frequency shocks and examine how it affects an officer’s decision whether to discount a driver’s speeding penalty in Florida. I find that a 1-standard-deviation increase in temperature lowers the driver’s probability of receiving a lenient ticket by 2%. In addition, using traffic monitoring data and crash reports, I do not find evidence of decreased police effort or increased reckless driving on hot days. I show that the reduction in leniency is disproportionally borne by white drivers, who on average benefit more from officer leniency. In addition, I find that newly hired officers become less affected by temperature as they accumulate more experience on the job. The first chapter shows that daily ambient temperature has a significant effect on police officers’ professional performance. Inspired by this result, in the second chapter I study the effect of temperature on officers’ online expressed sentiment. Mood changes caused by temperature could be a potential mechanism for officers’ behavioral changes observed in the first chapter. To study this question, I obtained messages posted on an online police forum that is popular among Florida police departments. I find that a 1-standard-deviation increase in temperature leads to a 3.5% increase in the use of profanity. In addition, higher temperature has a negative but nonlinear relationship with expressed sentiment. I also find limited evidence of a change in forum activity or discussion topics on relatively hot days, which suggests that these results are likely to be driven by temperature’s effect on officers’ mood. Taken together, the first two chapters highlight the sensitivity of law enforcement behavior to transitory shocks such as environmental conditions. The third chapter, which is joint work with Xinming Du, explores the impact of the 2018 China- U.S. trade war on air pollution in China. Since the Chinese economic data is heavily censored, we take air pollution as a proxy for measuring economic activity. Using city-industry level trade data, we construct a Bartik-style trade war exposure measure for cities in China and compare the pollution trajectory of cities in the top quartile of our measure to those in the bottom quartile under a difference-in-difference design. In addition, to test whether local governments relaxed their enforcement of environmental policies in response to the trade war, we look at whether firms changed their tendency of polluting in the dark during the trade war. Our analysis finds a negative but small and not robust effect of the U.S. tariffs on China’s air quality and no effect of the Chinese retaliatory tariffs. In addition, we find no impact on disguised pollution behaviors of local firms. We conclude that the trade war had minimal effect on China’s economic activity.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

This study was conducted in an effort to explore the attitudes and knowledge held by law enforcement officers regarding child maltreatment. This study was completely exploratory in nature, with no hypothesis about the outcome.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka polisanställdas attityd kring forskning och evidensbaserade polisiära metoder inom det brottsförebyggande arbetet. Vi genomförde semistrukturerade intervjuer med 9 poliser och analyserade dessa med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studiens resultat visade att delar av evidensbaserade metoder gick att återfinna i Polisens arbete, framförallt Problem Oriented Policing och Community Oriented Policing. Dock fanns varken struktur i hur metoderna används eller kunskap i hur metoderna fungerar. De intervjuade poliserna efterfrågade forskning och menade att forskning gärna får ta större plats för att kunna utveckla arbetet och göra det mer effektivt. / The aim of the study was to examine police officers’ attitudes towards research and evidence-based methods of policing in the field of crime prevention. We conducted semi-structured interviews of 9 police officers’ and performed a qualitative content analysis. Our results showed that the police are using parts of evidence-based methods, specifically Problem Oriented Policing and Community Oriented Policing. There were no organization around which methods were used and no knowledge about how the methods work. The police interviewed wanted research to play a larger role in their work and believed incorporating research would make their crime-prevention work more effective.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-09-26T10:04:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Luiz Ferro.pdf: 2372915 bytes, checksum: 74b6613798cf07e0791137f1ed8d9df4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-26T10:04:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Luiz Ferro.pdf: 2372915 bytes, checksum: 74b6613798cf07e0791137f1ed8d9df4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-24 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Frequently we hear a lot about the theme of public security and these are topics of wide discussion in the Social Sciences. The aim of this study was to draw a profile of the military police of the Espírito Santo state, through the analysis of the historical, social and political aspects. These aspects are aligned with the constituent elements of the work, with military and police activities with the production of identity. We analyzed the social identity of the military police as the conscience that the individual has to belong to a particular social and professional group. We also identified if the training received by de military police was effective. The data were obtained from questionnaires which were administered to100 military police from a formal training program of the Police Academy. This study took place at the Academy of Military Police of Espírito Santo (Cariacica-ES) and the 1st Battalion of Metropolitan Police (Vitória-ES). The interviews were divided into two stages: the first one between 2013 and 2015, and the second between 2015 and 2017. The questionnaires concentrated upon the police perceptions and responses toward different features of their courses and work. The interviews were transcribed and tabbed for the quantitative analysis of the answers. For the analysis of discourse, in order to identify rites and professional choice socialization processes were used as methodology the social representations of Moscovici (2010) and the social construction of reality of Berger and Luckmann (2012). As a result, about the professional choice, many declared that financial stability was the main factor, but there are cases where ideology and vocation are also important. More than half of respondents said that the image of the military police in the community is negative on the other hand, more than 90% responded that there is a good relationship with the community. Many consider important the subjects of “Human Rights” and “Socio Psychological Approach to Crime and Violence”. However, after a year of professional practice most of them said that they don't practice what they have learned in theory in the course of formation. That is there is a difference between theory and practice. We conclude that the social representations, i.e. the influence of veteran cops on then newest determine the behavior on the streets and violent actions. We also conclude that the training is not able to influence the conduct of most of the military officers who attend the Academy. Therefore, there is need for a continuous study to understand the reality of the military police and how they act in their field of action / Frequentemente, ouvimos discussões sobre o tema da Segurança Pública e estas vêm ganhando cada vez mais espaço nas ciências sociais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi traçar um perfil dos policiais militares do Espírito Santo através da análise do contexto histórico, social e político. Partimos do pressuposto de que existe uma ligação histórica, social e política que se alinha intrinsecamente com os elementos constitutivos do trabalho, com as atividades policiais militares e com a produção da identidade. Procuramos analisar a identidade social do policial militar como sendo a consciência que o indivíduo tem de pertencer a um determinado grupo social e profissional. Também buscamos identificar se o treinamento que recebem é eficaz e eficiente diante desta identidade. Foram entrevistados 100 policiais militares entre homens e mulheres através de um questionário semiestruturado com perguntas abertas e fechadas. As entrevistas foram divididas em duas etapas - a primeira entre 2013 e 2015 e a segunda entre 2015 e 2017 - e foram realizadas na Academia de Policia Militar do Espírito Santo (Cariacica-ES) e no Primeiro Batalhão de Policiamento Metropolitano (Vitória-ES). As entrevistas foram transcritas e tabuladas para a análise quantitativa das respostas. Para a análise dos discursos, a fim de identificar ritos, processos de socialização e escolha profissional foram utilizadas como metodologia as Representações Sociais de Moscovici (2010) e a Construção Social da Realidade de Berger e Luckmann (2012). Em relação à escolha profissional, muitos declararam abertamente que a estabilidade financeira foi o fator preponderante, mas existem casos onde há forte ideologia e vocação. Apesar de mais da metade dos entrevistados dizerem que a imagem da polícia militar junto à comunidade é negativa, mais de 90% respondeu que tem uma boa relação com esta comunidade. Mais da metade dos entrevistados considera importantes as disciplinas de Direitos Humanos e Abordagem Socio-psicológica do Crime e da Violência, porém, após um ano de exercício profissional a maioria afirmou que há diferença entre o que se aprende na teoria e o que se pratica. A partir da pesquisa podemos concluir que as representações sociais, ou seja, a influência dos policiais veteranos sobre os mais novos determina o comportamento nas ruas e ações violentas destes. Concluímos ainda que o treinamento não é capaz de influenciar a conduta da maioria dos policias militares que cursam a Academia. Portanto, há necessidade de um estudo contínuo para, compreendermos, identificarmos e entendermos os policiais militares a partir de sua realidade e como ele atua no seu campo de ação