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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Reducing toxics is coercion or encouragement the better policy approach?

Hearn, Susan. January 2002 (has links)
Dissertation (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.
62

Exploiting Opportunities for Pollution Prevention in EPA Enforcement Agreements

Becker, Monica, Ashford, Nicholas January 1995 (has links)
Two relatively new EPA policies encourage the inclusion of pollution prevention in regulatory enforcement settlements. The advantages to a firm include reduction or elimination of environmental problems at the source (thus decreasing reliance on end-of-pipe controls), enhanced prospects for future compliance, and a potential for a reduction in the assessed penalty. We discuss the factors that influence both EPA and firms to include pollution prevention in enforcement settlements, characterize the process in a few exemplary cases, and recommend ways to enhance and expand these activities. The research presented focused on case study analysis of 10 recent EPA-negotiated enforcement settlements that included chemical substitutions, process changes, or closed-loop recycling
63

Implantação no Brasil do programa "Coatings Care" de prevenção de poluição e de acidentes do setor de tintas / Implementation of Coating Care in Brazil for pollution and accident prevention on coatings sector

Rigoletto, Ivan de Paula 16 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Waldir Antonio Bizzo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T10:13:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rigoletto_IvandePaula_D.pdf: 7217856 bytes, checksum: 1744acabd370078e28aa405b6be14fbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O conceito de preservação e sustentabilidade ambiental tem evoluído e vem sendo disseminado em diversos setores da sociedade, incluindo o mundo corporativo das empresas e negócios. Um dos resultados é a utilização de programas voluntários de boas práticas de gestão, aplicados por entidades setoriais da economia. No setor de tintas, o programa Coatings Care tem sido aplicado no Brasil. A análise das estratégias e alternativas de implementação deste programa no Brasil, bem como a proposição e execução de uma sequência metodológica inédita para este tipo de aplicação, englobando as etapas planejamento e implementação e que pode ser aplicada a qualquer programa voluntário de gestão é aqui apresentada. Foram utilizadas na etapa de planejamento as metodologias das Cinco Forças de Porter, SWOT e Cadeia de Valor de Porter, todas adaptadas e modificadas em função de serem aplicadas, nesta tese, em um problema para o qual não foram desenvolvidas originalmente. Para a implementação, foram adotadas as metodologias PMBOK e PSII, cujo conjunto se mostrou uma alternativa viável para situações similares à analisada. Os resultados obtidos em relação à participação das empresas no programa indicam a evolução das práticas de gestão ambiental e ocupacional no setor de tintas, bem como o crescente nível de maturidade apresentado pelo programa desde 2004. A análise dos resultados brasileiros, comparados aos obtidos em outros países, permite identificar as ações a serem tomadas para a melhoria e evolução do programa. / Abstract: The concept of environmental protection and sustainability is present in several segments of the society, including the corporate environment. One of the results is the adoption of voluntary programs related to good management practices, sponsored by several entities representing business sectors. On coatings sector, Coatings Care program was adopted in Brazil. The analysis of strategies and alternatives for implementation in Brasil, as well as the proposition and deployment of a unique methodological sequence for planning and program implementation that can be applied to the implementation of any other voluntary program is presented on this study. The methodologies of Porter's Five Forces, SWOT and Porter's Chain of Value, all adapted and modified according to this purpose, were used. For implementation, PMBOK and PSII methodologies were applied. This set of tools resulted in a viable alternative for the case evaluated, as well as for similar situations. The results related to the level of implementation indicate evolution on the environmental, health and safety practices on coatings sector, as well as the increase, since 2004, of the program maturity. The analysis of Brazilian results, compared to the results obtained in other countries, drives the identification of actions for program improvement and evolution. / Doutorado / Termica e Fluidos / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
64

Contribuição ao banco de dados brasileiro para apoio à avaliação do ciclo de vida: fertilizantes nitrogenados. / Contribution for the Brazilian database to support life cycle assessment: nitrogen fertilizers.

Paulo Henrique Ribeiro 11 September 2009 (has links)
A principal limitação da Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) é a necessidade da coleta de um elevado número de dados representativos para a região em estudo. Esta limitação pode ser contornada pela construção de bancos de dados regionais, ou seja, de inventários de elementos que são comuns aos ciclos de vida de inúmeros produtos. Entre esses elementos encontram-se os fertilizantes químicos. Nesse contexto este trabalho de doutorado apresenta uma contribuição ao banco de dados brasileiro para apoio aos estudos de ACV, qual seja: os inventários do ciclo de vida da uréia; do nitrato de amônio e do sulfato de amônio adequados às condições brasileiras. Para a elaboração dos inventários foi necessário obter o perfil detalhado do setor de fertilizantes nitrogenados no país. Em seguida, efetuou-se a identificação e quantificação das entradas de recursos naturais e das disposições de rejeitos associados ao ciclo de vida dos fertilizantes estudados. Por fim, fez-se uma discussão dos principais aspectos ambientais associados à produção dos três fertilizantes no Brasil. Os dados obtidos no inventário da uréia revelaram 45 aspectos ambientais. No que diz respeito às emissões atmosféricas, verificou-se que o dióxido de carbono foi responsável por 98,3% do total e em relação aos efluentes líquidos, os compostos nitrogenados corresponderam a 73,5% do total. Quanto ao inventário do nitrato de amônio, foram encontrados 42 aspectos ambientais. Verificou-se que o dióxido de carbono foi responsável por 79% do total de emissões atmosféricas e que em relação aos efluentes líquidos, os compostos nitrogenados corresponderam a 25,3% do total. O inventário do sulfato de amônio revelou a existência de 46 aspectos ambientais. Concluiu-se que o dióxido de carbono contribuiu por 99% do total de emissões e que os compostos nitrogenados e de enxofre foram responsáveis, respectivamente, por 5% e 41% do total de efluentes líquidos gerados. A partir dos resultados deste trabalho torna-se possível identificar oportunidades para a melhoria de desempenho ambiental dos processos industriais analisados. / The main limitation of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the necessity for collection a large number of representative data for the region under study. This limitation can get rounded by the construction of regional databases, or inventories of elements that are common to the life cycle of many products. Among these elements are the chemical fertilizers. In this context is inserted this doctorate thesis which presents a contribution to the Brazilian database for support LCA studies which is: the life cycle inventories of urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate for the Brazilian conditions. For the elaboration of inventories was necessary to get the detailed profile of nitrogen fertilizers industry in Brazil. Following, the quantified identification of the natural resources inputs and the waste dispositions associated to the fertilizers life cycle referred in this study is made. Finally, there was a discussion of main environmental aspects associated to production of the three fertilizers in Brazil. Data from urea inventory showed 45 environmental aspects. With regard to air emissions, it was found that carbon dioxide was responsible for 98.3% of the total and for the liquid effluents, the nitrogen compounds accounted for 73.5% of the total. As ammonium nitrate inventory, were found 42 environmental aspects. It was found that carbon dioxide was responsible for 79% of total emissions and in relation to liquid effluents, the nitrogen compounds accounted for 25.3% of the total. The ammonium sulfate inventory revealed the existence of 46 environmental aspects. It was concluded that carbon dioxide contributed by 99% of total emissions and the sulfur and nitrogen compounds were responsible, respectively, for 5% and 41% of all liquid effluents generated. From the results of this study becomes possible to identify opportunities for improving the environmental performance of industrial processes analyzed.
65

The Authoritarian Environmentalism in China : -  “air policy” implementation research in Jing-Jin-Ji region as case studies

Liang, Meiying January 2019 (has links)
The concept of “Environmental authoritarian” becomes the focus of discussion in the academic field of environmental politics since it has limited observations. In the recent years, the severe air pollute issue is considered as a threat by both citizens and authorities in China. Along with the more stricter environmental protection laws being issued, even the measures of the factory closings and coal ban seems to become acceptable as the population  have suffered in the heavy smog for years. Does this led to the rise of “environmental authoritarian” in China?  Taking this as a heuristic point, I observe the positions of various stakeholders in the environmental governance as well as present the findings from research on the implementation and enforcement of air pollution controls measures in Jing-Jin-Ji region. I offer a critical examination of “environmental authoritarian”, especially the levels of public participation at the policy process. After to do the research, the key funding is that the concept of “Environmental authoritarian” is too simplified, it cannot cover the complex and detailed environmental governance at local empirical cases.
66

INTERNSHIP REPORT Butler County Department of Environmental Services

Sackenheim, Adam Michael 06 August 2004 (has links)
No description available.
67

Essays on Environmentally Friendly Practices

Chang, Ching-Hsing 28 July 2011 (has links)
No description available.
68

Inventário do ciclo de vida do papel offset produzido no Brasil. / Life cycle inventory of the offset paper produced in Brazil.

Galdiano, Guilherme de Paula 12 September 2006 (has links)
A Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) é uma ferramenta da gestão ambiental que identifica os aspectos ambientais e avalia os impactos ambientais associados aos produtos, durante todo o seu ciclo de vida, em outras palavras, do berço ao túmulo. O ciclo de vida inicia-se quando todos os recursos requeridos (sejam eles materiais ou energéticos) para a manufatura de determinado produto são extraídos da natureza e finaliza-se após o cumprimento da função pelo produto, retornando ao meio ambiente. Devido à quantidade de dados que necessita ser coletada, um estudo de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida somente torna-se viável caso exista a disponibilidade de um banco de dados nacional constituído por inventários do ciclo de vida dos principais insumos empregados pela sociedade - matérias primas, energia, etc. Estes inventários possuem caráter de regionalidade e representatividade, podendo tornar novos estudos mais completos, confiáveis e fáceis de serem concluídos. A ACV vem assumindo uma importância a nível global, o Brasil vem se aprimorando na capacitação e uso desta técnica. O GP2 - Grupo de Prevenção da Poluição do Departamento de Engenharia Química da Escola Politécnica da USP, tem como seu principal objetivo a contribuição para o aprimoramento de recursos humanos necessários e consolidação do uso da ACV no Brasil. Desse modo, as atividades do GP2 têm se concentrado na construção de um banco de dados que deve ser adequado, obrigatoriamente, às condições regionais. O presente estudo está inserido nessa linha de pesquisa e tem como propósito a elaboração do Inventário do Ciclo de Vida (ICV) para o papel offset produzido no Brasil. O papel offset pertence a categoria de papéis de imprimir e, atualmente, representa o tipo de papel mais produzido no país. O resultado deste estudo consiste em um inventário consolidado dos aspectos ambientais considerados significativos para a produção da madeira, a extração da celulose, a fabricação do papel offset e outros subsistemas associados, sob as condições tecnológicas típicas dominantes no Brasil. A qualidade do estudo está intrinsecamente ligada à cadeia produtiva do papel offset, que se baseou primordialmente em dados primários. Os resultados do estudo mostraram-se coerentes com um estudo parcial realizado no Chile. Uma análise mais apurada para os resultados encontrados no estudo, com base em pesquisas internacionais, não se fez necessária, considerando as diferenças tecnológicas e de matérias-primas empregadas no ciclo de vida do papel de outros países. / The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool for the environmental management which identifies its aspects and evaluates its environmental impacts related to the products during its whole life cycle. In other words, a cycle that goes from cradle to grave. The life cycle begins when all the required resources (material or energetic) to manufacture a certain product are extracted from the nature and it ends after accomplishing its function, returning to the environment. Due to the amount of data to be collected, a study of the life cycle assessment is only viable in case there is a national data base available formed by inventories of the main input used by the society, such as raw material, energy, and so on. These inventories have a regional and representative character, allowing new studies to be fuller, more reliable and easier to be concluded. The LCA has taken on a world wise importance. Brazil has been improving its competence and usage of such technique. The GP2 - Preventing Pollution Group from the Chemical Engineering Department of Escola Politécnica at USP - has as its primal objective the contribution to an improvement of necessary Human Resources and the consolidation of the LCA usage. In this manner, GP2 activities have to be focused on a data base construction, which should be compulsorily adequate to the regional conditions. The present study is inserted in such line of research and has as its purpose the elaboration on a Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) for the offset paper made in Brazil. The offset paper belongs to the printing paper category and, lately, represents the most used type of paper in this country. The result of such study consists in a solid inventory of the environmental aspects considered meaningful for wood production, cellulose extraction, offset paper manufacture and other related subsystems under typical predominant technological conditions in Brazil. The quality of this study is significantly related to the production chain of the offset paper, which was based mainly on primary data. The results of this study showed to be coherent to the ones achieved in a Chilean study, even though they were partial results. A more refined analysis on the pursued results in the study, based on international researches, isn't necessary, considering the technological differences and raw material used in the paper life cycle in other countries.
69

Prevenção à poluição industrial: identificação de oportunidades, análise dos benefícios e barreiras / Industrial pollution prevention: opportunities assessment, benefits and barriers analysis

Santos, Carmenlucia 02 September 2005 (has links)
A prevenção à poluição é uma abordagem de gerenciamento ambiental que prioriza a redução dos resíduos na fonte como forma de preservar os recursos naturais e reduzir o desperdício de materiais, água e energia, em contraposição à abordagem tradicional, que se apóia nas tecnologias de controle e tratamento de resíduos. Apesar de resultar em benefícios ambientais e econômicos, existem uma série de barreiras que impedem uma maior disseminação das práticas de prevenção à poluição nas indústrias, dentre as quais a principal é a falta de conscientização em relação aos benefícios. Para eliminar esta barreira, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento e a divulgação dos conceitos e ferramentas de apoio ao processo de identificação de oportunidades, ferramentas para o monitoramento e avaliação da performance ambiental dos processos produtivos, bem como de estudos de caso propondo alternativas de prevenção à poluição para os diferentes setores industriais. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo fundamental apresentar os conceitos, sistemáticas e ferramentas necessárias ao entendimento da abordagem de prevenção à poluição, e ao desenvolvimento, implantação e monitoramento de programas de prevenção à poluição em processos industriais. Como forma de avaliar a aplicação do conceito e das ferramentas de identificação de oportunidades, e os benefícios e barreiras, foi realizada a avaliação de um processo produtivo industrial. Os resultados obtidos fornecem embasamento teórico para que outros trabalhos semelhantes sejam desenvolvidos, e servem como incentivo para que a empresa na qual foi realizada a avaliação, passe a adotar o conceito de prevenção à poluição como princípio norteador nas suas atividades de gestão ambiental. / Pollution prevention is an environmental management approach that prioritizes the source reduction of wastes as a way to preserve natural resources and reduce material, water and energy losses, conversely to the traditional approach, based on end of pipe technologies. In spite of the environmental and economic benefits, many barriers can impede the widespreading of pollution prevention practices at industry, among them, the most important one is the lack of consciousness on the pollution prevention benefits. To overcome this barrier, it is necessary to develop and report concepts and tools to support the opportunity assessment process, tools to monitor and evaluate industrial processes environmental performance, as well as case studies on pollution prevention alternatives to different industrial sectors. This research fundamental aim is to present the concepts, approaches and tools necessary to understand the pollution prevention approach and to develop, implement and monitor industrial pollution prevention plans. A case study was conducted in a company to evaluate the concept application, the utilization of the apportunities assessment tools, and the benefits and barriers. The results provide a theoric framework so that other similar studies can be conducted, and also serve as an incentive for the company where the case study was conducted, to improve its environmental management activities by adopting pollution prevention concept as a guiding principle.
70

Evaluation Of Best Environmental Management Practices Of An Integrated Iron And Steel Plant

Cakir, Nur 01 September 2012 (has links) (PDF)
European Union published IPPC Directive in 1996 aiming to create an integrated approach in order to manage and control industrial facilities better. IPPC provides the development of a new concept of &ldquo / Best Available Techniques (BAT)&rdquo / , the most effective, advanced and applicable methods, preventing emissions to the environment and providing efficient use of resources. Within this framework, numerous sectoral Best Available Techniques Reference Documents were published giving information on the sector and BAT alternatives for this sector. Iron and steel industry, which causes quite significant amount of resource depletion and waste production, is one of the industries within the scope of IPPC Directive. In the this study, environmental performance of an integrated iron and steel plant in Turkey is evaluated and compared with the EU&rsquo / s integrated iron and steel plants, in order to suggest applicable BAT alternatives for the studied plant. Totally 74 BAT alternatives were evaluated and among them 36 alternatives were determined to be applicable for this plant. Finally, two of these applicable BAT alternatives were selected and compared by use of cross-media effects and financial analysis. The results of this study indicated that dust emission and high energy consumption are the common problems in the facility. Moreover, sintering process was found to be the least compatible sub-process with EU&rsquo / s iron and steel plants. Additionally, it was determined that with respect to application of BAT alternatives, facility is quite compatible with EU&rsquo / s iron v and steel plants. Furthermore, cross media effect and financial analysis revealed that the selected BAT alternatives, &ldquo / Advanced Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)&rdquo / and &ldquo / Bag Filter-combined or integrated reduction of solid and gaseous pollutants&rdquo / , have different cross media effects on the environment, however, the second alternative is a more cost-effective alternative than the first one. Since this study was undertaken in an integrated iron and steel plant that represents Turkish iron and steel industry with respect to its production process, production capacity and environmental performance / the results of this study can be used to aid decision makers to make environmental initiatives in iron and steel industry in Turkey.

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