Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOX) is a nonionic, synthetic polymer which is soluble in both a variety organic solvents and water. The negative entropy of mixing of this polymer in aqueous solution suggested that it adopts a rigid conformation such as a helix in aqueous solution. Hydrogen bonding between PEOX and water molecules is thought to facilitate a special conformation that is specific to aqueous solution. The intent of this work is to investigate the conformation of PEOX in aqueous solution and consequently propose the mechanism by which it would adsorb onto cellulose and make it a valuable additive in paper processing. This work ultimately contributes to the greater matter of understanding the mechanisms by which water solvates nonionic polymers. Viscometry measurements of PEOX in water show that its shape scales similar to a random coil and that its molecules collapse in the presence of sodium chloride. Investigation into the molecular structure of PEOX through molecular scale simulations have revealed that although a rigid helical conformation does not exist, the potential exists for PEOX to have secondary helical structure in both water and other solvents. Without the rigid predicted structure, however, it is not surprising that PEOX does not adsorb well on cellulose. Comparing this folded helical conformation to a random coil conformation reveals that the random coil produces a lower energy system in water.

Thèse (M.Sc.)--Université Laval, 2004. / Bibliogr.: f. 106-126. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho avaliou a reação de amidação sob catálise de DBU/NaCN de amostras comerciais de poli(metacrilato de metila), (PMMA), massa molar 60.000 u.m.a. com as aminas, alilamina, 2-morfolilaminoetano, 1-(3-aminopropil)-imidazol e N,N-dimetil-trimetilenodiamina com ativação por reator de micro-ondas. O estudo com alilamina e 2-morfolilaminoetano se mostrou eficaz, apresentando percentuais de derivatização significativos (27% e 37% , respectivamente). A quantidade de material polimérico obtido na purificação foi de cerca de 36 % para as duas aminas. O estudo evidenciou a importância dos catalisadores DBU/NaCN, pois sem eles a reação não ocorre e quando utilizados isoladamente, o grau de incorporação é muito menor. Já o estudo com as aminas 1-(3-aminopropil)-imidazol e N,N-dimetil-trimetilenodiamina mostrou-se ineficaz devido à dificuldade de purificação dos produtos. Tentativas de purificação por precipitação com metanol e soluções hidrometanólicas de diferentes concentrações mostraram-se ineficazes. Os novos PMMA modificados foram caracterizados por FT-IR, RMN-1H e análise elementar. Foram observadas alterações na taticidade do PMMA em reações ativadas por micro-ondas / This study evaluated the reaction of amidation under catalysis of DBU / NaCN of commercial samples of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) with a molecular weight 60,000 with the amines, allylamine, 2-morfollylaminoethane, 1-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazole and N,N-dimethyl-trimethylendiamine under microwave irradiation. The reaction allylamine and 2-morfolilaminoetano was observed with a significant percentage of derivatization. In addition, this study also showed the importance of the use of catalytic DBU / NaCN, without them the reaction does not occur and if used alone, the level of incorporation is much smaller. The study with amines 1-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazole and N, N-dimethyl-trimethylenediamine was inconclusive due to the difficulties in purifying the products. Attempts purification by precipitation with methanol and hidrometanólicas solutions of different concentrations have proven ineffective. The new modified PMMA were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. There were changes on the tacticity in PMMA reactions activated by microwave

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho avaliou a reação de amidação sob catálise de DBU/NaCN de amostras comerciais de poli(metacrilato de metila), (PMMA), massa molar 60.000 u.m.a. com as aminas, alilamina, 2-morfolilaminoetano, 1-(3-aminopropil)-imidazol e N,N-dimetil-trimetilenodiamina com ativação por reator de micro-ondas. O estudo com alilamina e 2-morfolilaminoetano se mostrou eficaz, apresentando percentuais de derivatização significativos (27% e 37% , respectivamente). A quantidade de material polimérico obtido na purificação foi de cerca de 36 % para as duas aminas. O estudo evidenciou a importância dos catalisadores DBU/NaCN, pois sem eles a reação não ocorre e quando utilizados isoladamente, o grau de incorporação é muito menor. Já o estudo com as aminas 1-(3-aminopropil)-imidazol e N,N-dimetil-trimetilenodiamina mostrou-se ineficaz devido à dificuldade de purificação dos produtos. Tentativas de purificação por precipitação com metanol e soluções hidrometanólicas de diferentes concentrações mostraram-se ineficazes. Os novos PMMA modificados foram caracterizados por FT-IR, RMN-1H e análise elementar. Foram observadas alterações na taticidade do PMMA em reações ativadas por micro-ondas / This study evaluated the reaction of amidation under catalysis of DBU / NaCN of commercial samples of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) with a molecular weight 60,000 with the amines, allylamine, 2-morfollylaminoethane, 1-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazole and N,N-dimethyl-trimethylendiamine under microwave irradiation. The reaction allylamine and 2-morfolilaminoetano was observed with a significant percentage of derivatization. In addition, this study also showed the importance of the use of catalytic DBU / NaCN, without them the reaction does not occur and if used alone, the level of incorporation is much smaller. The study with amines 1-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazole and N, N-dimethyl-trimethylenediamine was inconclusive due to the difficulties in purifying the products. Attempts purification by precipitation with methanol and hidrometanólicas solutions of different concentrations have proven ineffective. The new modified PMMA were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. There were changes on the tacticity in PMMA reactions activated by microwave

Orientador: Carol Hollingworth Collins / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T23:26:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvaJunior_EliasSeveroda_M.pdf: 1708075 bytes, checksum: 992e31e82bde038aa81939043b9dd1a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Neste trabalho foram feitos estudos de otimização das condições de preparo de fases estacionárias para uso em Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência em fase reversa (CLAE-FR) da mistura de poli(dimetilsiloxano) (PDMS) e poli(metiloctadecilsiloxano) (PMODS), sorvidos e imobilizados por tratamento térmico (em atmosfera inerte) na superfície de sílica Kromasil (esférica, 5 mm). As fases estacionárias foram avaliadas por testes químicos, físicos, cromatográficos e de estabilidade em fases móveis em condições agressivas. As melhores condições de preparo das fases estacionárias foram: sorção de 25 % PMODS e 25 % PDMS sobre sílica, mantendo 15 dias de repouso, e imobilizados a 128 °C durante 8 horas e 40 minutos. As fases estacionárias preparadas nas melhores condições apresentaram eficiências de 60000 e 38000 pratos m, respectivamente, para os compostos naftaleno e N,N-dimetilanilina, além de picos simétricos mesmo para compostos ácidos (fenol) e básicos (N,N-dimetilanilina). O estudo de caracterização através das misturas-teste de Tanaka indicou a presença de silanóis residuais, mas os resultados dos parâmetros avaliados foram razoáveis, principalmente comparados a fases PMODS, PDMS e algumas comerciais. Quanto aos testes de estabilidade, a FE manteve-se estável durante 250 volumes de coluna para o teste básico apresentando queda significativa da eficiência (60%) para o naftaleno e pequena variação na assimetria para os compostos naftaleno e N,N-dimetilanilina, já no teste ácido a FE manteve-se estável por 950 volumes de coluna apresentando uma queda suave na eficiência (10%) e variações na assimetria a partir de 400 volumes de coluna, ambos para o acenafteno, porém o fator de retenção caiu nos dois testes indicando a perda de parte da mistura polimérica / Abstract: In this work the conditions for the preparation of a stationary phase of use in reverse phase high performance liquid cromatography (RP-HPLC) with a mixture of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and poly(methyloctadecilsiloxane) (PMODS) sorbed and immobilized by thermal treatment (in an inert atmosphere) on Kromasil silica (spherical, 5 mm) were optimized. The stationary phases were evaluatied by chemical, physical and chromatographic tests and for stability in mobile phases having agressive conditions. The best conditions for preparation of the stationary phases were: sorption of 25 % PMODS and 25 % PDMS on to the silica, storing for 15 days and then immobilizing at 128 °C for 8 hours and 40 minutes. The stationary phases from these conditions showed efficiencies of 60000 and 38000 plates m for naphthalene and N,N-dimethylaniline and symmetrical peaks for acidic (phenol) and basic (N,N-dimethylaniline) compounds. A characterization study using Tanaka's test-mixture indicated the presence of residual silanols, but evaluation parameters were still resonable, compared to PMODS, PDMS and some commercials phases. In the stability tests the stationary phase was for stable 250 column volumes in the basic test, showing a decrease of efficiency (60 %) for naphthalene but little change in asymmetry for naphthalene and N,Ndimethylaniline. In the acid test the stationary phase maintained efficiency for 950 column volumes with some decrease in efficiency (10 %) but showed a small change in asymmetry after 400 column volumes for acenaphtene. However, the retention factor fell in both tests, showing partical loss of the polymeric mixture without changing the coverage of the support / Mestrado / Quimica Analitica / Mestre em Química

Orientador: Carol Hollingworth Collins / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T03:41:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvaJunior_EliasSeveroda_D.pdf: 2576422 bytes, checksum: 19c90c90e1e49e747a75a6260bb45eba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Neste trabalho foram feitos estudos das condições de preparo de fases estacionárias para uso em Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência em Fase Reversa (CLAE-FR) da mistura de poli(metiloctadecilsiloxano) (PMODS) e poli(dimetilsiloxano) (PDMS), sorvidos e imobilizados por tratamento térmico (em atmosfera inerte) na superfície de sílica Kromasil (esférica, 5 µm) metalizada com titânia ou zircônia. As fases estacionárias foram avaliadas por testes químicos, físicos, cromatográficos e de estabilidade em fases móveis em condições agressivas. As melhores condições de preparo das fases estacionárias foram: sorção de 22 % de PMODS e 33 % de PDMS sobre sílica metalizada, mantendo períodos de 4 e 10 dias em repouso, respectivamente, após adição de cada polímero e depois imobilizados a 120 °C durante 16 horas. As fases estacionárias preparadas nas melhores condições apresentaram eficiências superiores a 45000 e 10000 pratos m-1, respectivamente, para os compostos naftaleno e N,N-dimetilanilina, além de picos simétricos para a maioria dos compostos. O estudo de caracterização através das misturas testes de Tanaka, Engelhardt, Neue e SRM 870 indicou a presença de silanóis residuais, mas os resultados dos parâmetros avaliados foram satisfatórias, principalmente comparados às fases PMODS e algumas comerciais. Quanto aos testes de estabilidade em meio básico as fases estacionárias mantiveram-se estáveis durante 550 e 800 volumes de coluna, respectivamente, SiTi(PMODS + PDMS) e SiZr(PMODS + PDMS), usando o acenafteno. Já no teste ácido as fases estacionárias mantiveram-se estáveis por 900 e 800 volumes de coluna, respectivamente, para SiTi(PMODS + PDMS), e SiZr(PMODS + PDMS). As fases estacionárias SiTi(PMODS + PDMS), e SiZr(PMODS + PDMS), sorvidas e imobilizadas por tratamento térmico, apresentam potencialidade na separação de diferentes classes de compostos, tais como, agrotóxicos e fármacos / Abstract: In this work the conditions for the preparation of stationary phases for use in reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with a mixture of poly(methyloctadecilsiloxane) (PMODS) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) sorbed and immobilized by thermal treatment (in an inert atmosphere) on metalized (titanium and zirconium) Kromasil silica (spherical, 5 µm) were studied. The stationary phases were evaluatied by chemical, physical and chromatographic tests and for stability in mobile phases having agressive conditions. The best conditions for preparation of the stationary phases were: sorption of 22 % PMODS and 33 % PDMS onto the metalized silica, storing for 14 days and then immobilizing at 120 °C for 16 hours. The stationary phases from these conditions showed higher efficiencies of 45000 and 10000 plates m-1 for naphthalene and N,N-dimethylaniline and symmetrical peaks for most compounds. Characterization studies using Tanaka¿s, Engelhardt¿s, Neue¿s and the SRM 870 test-mixtures indicated the presence of residual silanols, but evaluation parameters were still reasonable, compared to PMODS phases and to commercials phases. In the adverses stability tests the stationary phase was for stable 550 and 800 column volumes, respectively, for SiTi(PMODS + PDMS) and SiZr(PMODS + PDMS), in the basic test, showing a decrease of efficiency (60 %) for N,N-dimethylaniline. In the acid test the stationary phases maintained efficiency for 900 and 800 column volumes, respectively, for SiTi(PMODS + PDMS) and SiZr(PMODS + PDMS). The stationary phases SiTi(PMODS + PDMS) and SiZr(PMODS + PDMS) sorbed and immobilized by thermal treatment, showed potential for the separation of different compounds classes, such as, pesticides and pharmaceuticals / Doutorado / Quimica Analitica / Doutor em Ciências

La thèse porte sur l’étude de la morphologie et des différentes propriétés thermiques, mécaniques et barrières à la vapeur d’eau des nanobiocomposites à base de poly acide lactique (pla). La première partie est consacrée au greffage de l’anhydride maléique (am) sur le poly acide lactique plagma et à la mise en oeuvre de nanobiocomposites pla/cloisites, plagma/cloisites et pla/plagma/cloisites en utilisant deux cloisites® différentes (c20a et c30b), préparés par voie fondue. Au travers des différentes techniques utilisées, les résultats révèlent que les nanobiocomposites pla/cloisites élaborés se caractérisent par une morphologie mixte intercalée-exfoliée. L’ensemble des échantillons élaborés indiquent une meilleure dispersion de la cloisite apolaire c20a en présence de l’anhydride maléique et la réagrégation de la cloisite polaire c30b et par conséquent, l’amélioration à la fois des propriétés mécaniques et barrières à la vapeur d’eau des nanobiocomposites à base de la c20a. La seconde partie traite l’influence des groupements fonctionnels d’oxyde de graphène synthetisé au laboratoire et de graphène fonctionnalisé époxy commercialisé et fournit par nanovia (france) sur la dispersion des nanofeuillets de graphène au sein de la matrice pla, en présence ou en absence du compatibilisant plagma. L’étude révèle que la présence du compatibilisant améliore la dispersion de deux nanocharges étudiées. Le maximum des performances rhéologiques indiquant la meilleure dispersion de la nanocharge est enregistré pour une faible quantité d’oxyde de graphène possédant plus de groupements fonctionnels contenant l’atome d’oxygène. Les propriétés thermiques et barrières ont été considérablement améliorées avec l’incorporation des deux nanocharges et en présence de l’agent compatibilisant plagma. L’étude montre aussi que les propriétés mécaniques en traction des nanobiocomposites à base de graphène fonctionnalisé époxy (gfe) ont été améliorées en présence du plagma. / The thesis focuses on the study of the morphology and thermal, mechanical and barrier properties of the nanobiocomposites based on poly lactic acid (pla). The first part is devoted to the grafting of maleic anhydride (ma) on the poly lactic acid plagma and the elaboration of the nanobiocomposites pla/cloisites, plagma/cloisites and pla/plagma/cloisitres using two different cloisites (c20a and c30b), prepared by melt intercalation and the characterization of the main properties. The results indicate that the pla/cloisites nanobiocomposites exhibit a mixed intercalated-exfoliated morphology. All the prepared samples showed an improvement in both thermal, mechanical and barrier properties in the presence of the nanofiller. All prepared samples show better dispersion of apolar cloisite (c20a) in the presence of maleic anhydride and reaggregation of the polar cloisite (c30b) and therefore, the improvement of both the mechanical and barrier properties of the nanobiocomposites based on c20a. The second section discusses the effect of the functional groups of graphene oxide synthetized in the laboratory and the graphene fonctionnalized epoxy marketed and supplied by nanovia (france) on the dispersion of the graphene nanofillers in the pla matrix. The study reveals that the presence of compatibilizer improves the dispersion of two studied nanofillers. Maximum rheological performance indicating better dispersion of the nanofiller is registered for a small amount of graphene oxide (og) with more functional groups containing oxygen atom. The thermal and barriers properties have been considerably improved with the incorporation of two nanofillers and in the presence of plagma compatibilizer. The study also shows that the tensile properties of the pla containing graphene functionalized epoxy (gfe) were improved in the presence of plagma.

No description available.

This thesis investigated a new group of poly(Bd)/poly(Bd-co-MAA) core-shell particles that were ionically crosslinked and cast as nanostructured ionomer films from aqueous dispersions. The new group of poly(Bd)/poly(Bd-co-MAA) core-shell particles were studied for structure-property relationships and morphology. The covalent crosslinking content in the core and the shell were varied at constant ionic crosslinking. Stress-strain data showed control of the nanostructured films. The chain transfer agent used during the preparation of the nanoparticles core-shells was shown to independently tune the mechanical properties of the films.

Les interventions chirurgicales avec prothèses pour défauts de soutènement ont déjà nécessité l'implantation de plus d'un million de prothèses dans le monde. L'indication des prothèses de soutènement synthétiques non résorbables a permis de diminuer les récidives à court terme mais présente une incidence non négligeable de complications postopératoires. Le taux de réinterventions reste encore trop élevé. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'apporter de nouvelles propriétés à ces prothèses de polypropylène, pour à la fois améliorer leur résistance à l'infection et permettre leur visualisation en IRM clinique. Des treillis libérant des antibiotiques de façon contrôlée sont développés par enduction de polymère dégradable et biocompatible contenant des antibiotiques. Cette enduction présente une activité antibactérienne in vivo significative. Une autre enduction de polymères dégradables ou non dégradables, par une technique de pulvérisation par aérographie, permet une visualisation en IRM des treillis in vitro et après implantation. La stabilité du polymère greffé avec l'agent de contraste autorise une visualisation des treillis pendant au moins douze mois. / Surgical procedures with synthetic meshes have yet allowed more than one million operations. Non absorbable synthetic mesh used has permitted to decrease clinical recurrence at short term, but post operative complications still exist. Re operation rate is still too high. This study aims to develop new properties for those polypropylene meshes, such as infection resistance and MRI visualization. Meshes with controlled release of antibiotics were obtained after polymer coating and showed a significant in vivo antibacterial effect. Another mesh coating, with an aerograph procedure, has allowed MRI mesh visualization. To visualize by MRI, meshes after implantation, two new MRI visible polymer (degradable and non degradable) were coated onto meshes using an airbrush system. This coating allows the visualization of meshes in vitro and in vivo with experimental and clinical MR equipments. The stability of the MRI visible polymers permits to in vitro to visualize meshes during at least one year.