Submitted by Felipe Nascimento Sousa (nascimentosousa.felipe@gmail.com) on 2019-01-24T18:54:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SISTEMÁTICA E PALEOAUTOECOLOGIA DE MOLUSCOS DA FORMAÇÃO SOLIMÕES (MIOCENO SUPERIOR, BACIA DO ACRE, BRASIL) E IMPLICAÇÕES PALEOAMBIENTAIS.pdf: 5704761 bytes, checksum: b0479d77fe93d82cd735ba66db3735bf (MD5) / Rejected by Disleide Silvia Valerio Gounella null (disleide@clp.unesp.br), reason: Bom dia. Favor alterar: - O nome do arquivo da dissertação deve ser o título do trabalho; - Palavras chaves em inglês. Os termos científicos podem ficar iguais nos citados em português, mas o resto não. Inclusive, eu verifiquei que no arquivo da dissertação, no abstract, vc também não traduziu as palavras. Precisa corrigir. Qualquer dúvida, entre em contato. Abs. Disleide Silvia Valerio Gounella Bibliotecária CLP - São Vicente Fone: (13)3569-7154 Mailto: disleide@clp.unesp.br skype: disleidesilviavaleriogounella on 2019-01-25T11:44:01Z (GMT) / Submitted by Felipe Nascimento Sousa (nascimentosousa.felipe@gmail.com) on 2019-01-28T17:31:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sistemática e paleoautoecologia de moluscos da Formação Solimões (Mioceno Superior, Bacia do Acre, Brasil) e implicações paleoambientais.pdf: 5068599 bytes, checksum: 68ee375696ff36884e9b045036d598db (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Disleide Silvia Valerio Gounella null (disleide@clp.unesp.br) on 2019-01-28T18:20:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sousa_fn_me_svic.pdf: 5068599 bytes, checksum: 68ee375696ff36884e9b045036d598db (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-28T18:20:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sousa_fn_me_svic.pdf: 5068599 bytes, checksum: 68ee375696ff36884e9b045036d598db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-14 / Os moluscos, em especial os que apresentam concha calcária, são importantes organismos em estudos paleontológicos por terem partes corpóreas de difícil degradação já que apresentam conchas na parte externa do corpo, e também por serem preservados em formas de molde. Essas características são essenciais para entender o ambiente de vida do organismo, pois seus hábitos podem ser descritos de acordo com a morfologia funcional da concha. A Bacia do Acre é a única representante no Brasil das Bacias de Antepaís Andino e é limitada a leste pelo Arco de Iquitos, que a separa da Bacia do Solimões, a norte/noroeste pela Bacia de Marañon e a sul/sudeste pelas bacias de Ucayali e Madre de Dios, Peru. A Formação Solimões (Mioceno Superior) é um pacote sedimentar formado de depósitos neógenos situados na Amazônia ocidental. Tais depósitos são correlacionados com as formações Pebas, Curaray e Urumaco. São muitos os trabalhos recentes com foco na Formação Solimões, porém, poucos falam a respeito dos bivalves e gastrópodes da região, inclusive sobre a morfologia destes. Aqui, faz-se um estudo pormenorizado por meio de análises morfológicas com intuito de realizar inferências sobre o paleoambiente e a paleosalinidade regional nos fósseis encontrados na Formação Solimões, utilizando-se de exemplares depositados nas coleções científicas da Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, coletados em diferentes regiões da Bacia do Acre: Oriente, Ponto 04 e Cachoeira do Bandeira, AC. De forma geral são classificados 5 gêneros de bivalves (Castalia, Callonaia, Diplodon, Anodontites e Mycetopoda) e 3 gêneros de gastrópodes (Pomacea, Aylacostoma e Sioliella). Foram identificados espécimes escavadores rasos e rápidos (Castalia ambigua, Diplodon longulus e Mycetopoda pittieri) e profundo e lento (Callonaia duprei). Contudo, nenhum dos táxons descritos apresenta afinidades com táxons marinhos sendo, portanto, exclusivos de condições dulceaquícolas fluviais ou lacustres. O levantamento bioestratigráfico dos gastrópodes aqui utilizado coaduna com a idade Tortoniana – Messiniana para os moluscos fósseis analisados. Assim, os resultados aqui obtidos confirmam, nem em forma de animais relictos, a ausência de comunicação entre os lagos descritos para o Mioceno Superior do Brasil com o ambiente marinho. / Mollusks, especially shells calcareous coated, are important organisms in paleontological studies because they have body parts of difficult degradation since they have shells in the external part of the body and also because they are preserved in mold forms. These characteristics are essential to understand the life environment of the organism, since their habits can be described according to the functional morphology of the shell. The Acre Basin is the only representative in Brazil of the Andean Foreland Basins and is bounded to the east by the Iquitos Arch, wich separates it from the Solimões Basin, to the north/northwest by the Marañon Basin and to the south/southeast by the basins of Ucayali and Madre de Dios, Peru. The Solimões Formation (Upper Miocene) is a sedimentary package formed of Neogene deposits located in the western Amazon. These deposits are correlated with the Pebas, Curaray and Urumaco formations. There are many recent studies focusing on the Solimões Formation, but few works dealing with the bivalves and gastropods of the region, including their morphology. Here, a detailed study is carried out in morphological analyzes in order to make inferences about the paleoenvironment and the regional paleosalinity in the fossils found in the Solimões Formation, using specimens deposited in the scientific collection of the Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, collected in different regions of the Acre Basin: Oriente, Ponto 04 and Cachoeira do Bandeira, AC. In general, 5 genera of bivalves (Castalia, Callonaia, Diplodon, Anodontites, and Mycetopoda) and 3 genera of gastropods (Pomacea, Aylacostoma and Sioliella) are classified. Specimens were identified as shallow and rapid burrowers (Castalia ambigua, Diplodon longulus, and Mycetopoda pittieri) and deep and slow burrowers (Callonaia duprei). However, none of the taxa described have affinities with marine taxa and are therefore unique to freshwater conditions. The biostratigraphic survey of the gastropods used here coincides with the Tortonian – Messinian age for the analyzed fossil mollusks. Thus, the results obtained here confirm neither in the form of relict animals absence of communication between the lakes described for the Upper Miocene of Brazil with marine conditions.

Orientador: Renato Pirani Ghilardi / Resumo: Os moluscos, em especial os que apresentam concha calcária, são importantes organismos em estudos paleontológicos por terem partes corpóreas de difícil degradação já que apresentam conchas na parte externa do corpo, e também por serem preservados em formas de molde. Essas características são essenciais para entender o ambiente de vida do organismo, pois seus hábitos podem ser descritos de acordo com a morfologia funcional da concha. A Bacia do Acre é a única representante no Brasil das Bacias de Antepaís Andino e é limitada a leste pelo Arco de Iquitos, que a separa da Bacia do Solimões, a norte/noroeste pela Bacia de Marañon e a sul/sudeste pelas bacias de Ucayali e Madre de Dios, Peru. A Formação Solimões (Mioceno Superior) é um pacote sedimentar formado de depósitos neógenos situados na Amazônia ocidental. Tais depósitos são correlacionados com as formações Pebas, Curaray e Urumaco. São muitos os trabalhos recentes com foco na Formação Solimões, porém, poucos falam a respeito dos bivalves e gastrópodes da região, inclusive sobre a morfologia destes. Aqui, faz-se um estudo pormenorizado por meio de análises morfológicas com intuito de realizar inferências sobre o paleoambiente e a paleosalinidade regional nos fósseis encontrados na Formação Solimões, utilizando-se de exemplares depositados nas coleções científicas da Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, coletados em diferentes regiões da Bacia do Acre: Oriente, Ponto 04 e Cachoeira do Bandeira, AC. De forma geral são c... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Mollusks, especially shells calcareous coated, are important organisms in paleontological studies because they have body parts of difficult degradation since they have shells in the external part of the body and also because they are preserved in mold forms. These characteristics are essential to understand the life environment of the organism, since their habits can be described according to the functional morphology of the shell. The Acre Basin is the only representative in Brazil of the Andean Foreland Basins and is bounded to the east by the Iquitos Arch, wich separates it from the Solimões Basin, to the north/northwest by the Marañon Basin and to the south/southeast by the basins of Ucayali and Madre de Dios, Peru. The Solimões Formation (Upper Miocene) is a sedimentary package formed of Neogene deposits located in the western Amazon. These deposits are correlated with the Pebas, Curaray and Urumaco formations. There are many recent studies focusing on the Solimões Formation, but few works dealing with the bivalves and gastropods of the region, including their morphology. Here, a detailed study is carried out in morphological analyzes in order to make inferences about the paleoenvironment and the regional paleosalinity in the fossils found in the Solimões Formation, using specimens deposited in the scientific collection of the Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, collected in different regions of the Acre Basin: Oriente, Ponto 04 and Cachoeira do Bandeira, AC. In gene... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Invasive species are detrimental to native biotas worldwide. Recently, Florida was invaded by a freshwater snail (Pomacea canaliculata) native to Argentina. This snail is a serious pest of rice crops in Asia, but little is known about its interactions within Florida ecosystems. Possible competitive exclusion of the native congener (P. paludosa) is a concern because it is the almost exclusive prey of the federally endangered Everglades snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis). My research consisted of three parts. First, to identify possible methods to control P. canaliculata in the egg stage, I experimentally evaluated the effects of photoperiod, substrate availability, and food type and availability on hatching success and hatchling survival. None of these factors significantly affected hatching or survival, suggesting that P. canaliculata could invade many water bodies. Second, I used a randomized block design to assess the separate and combined effects of population density and food availability on growth and spawning of P. canaliculata. Food availability but not density significantly affected growth; snails fed less food grew less, but neither factor affected spawning. Third, I used a replacement series design to assess competition between P. canaliculata and P. paludosa under food limitation. For both species, snails fed less grew significantly less, and snails exposed to greater congener densities spawned less than when exposed to conspecifics only. While my results predict that P. paludosa should exclude P. canaliculata, previous literature and current invasions suggest that the exotic snail may co-exist with its North American congener.

Los ampuláridos son caracoles dulceacuícolas considerados importantes invasores a nivel mundial, aunque esta mala reputación se debe a solo tres especies que causan múltiples impactos ecológicos, sanitarios y económicos, y sobre las cuales se ha centrado el interés científico. Los aspectos biológicos y ecológicos de la mayoría de los ampuláridos son prácticamente desconocidos y su estado de conservación no ha sido abordado aun, como es el caso de Pomacea megastoma y Pomacea americanista. El objetivo de esta tesis fue proporcionar evidencia nueva sobre estas dos especies, hasta hace poco pertenecientes al género Pomella, e incluir el estudio de una población que posiblemente constituya una tercera especie (Pomacea sp1). Se obtuvo información de sus hábitats y distribuciones geográficas actuales y se estudiaron los rasgos de sus ciclos de vida bajo condiciones controladas. También se estimaron sus principales parámetros demográficos y de crecimiento corporal, y se compararon sus características morfológicas. La combinación de estos datos es relevante para evaluar su grado de vulnerabilidad y permitir una aproximación acerca del estatus específico de Pomacea sp1. Para analizar la distribución geográfica se realizó un muestreo exhaustivo en cursos de agua de la Mesopotamia Argentina y se revisaron las colecciones malacológicas de dos importantes museos. A partir de masas de huevos colectadas en el campo se iniciaron cohortes de 50 individuos de cada especie, criados individualmente bajo condiciones homogéneas controladas (26 ± 1 °C, fotoperíodo de 14 horas y lechuga ad libitum) hasta su muerte natural. Semanalmente se midió la longitud de sus conchillas, se les permitió el apareamiento en un acuario colectivo y se registró el número de huevos depositados y de neonatos. Los muestreos de campo confirmaron su asociación con fondos duros y sus limitadas distribuciones geográficas: P. americanista en el Alto Paraná y río Iguazú y P. megastoma en el río Uruguay y margen izquierda del Río de la Plata, mientras que Pomacea sp1 solo se halló en un afluente del río Uruguay. Antiguos registros de museo por fuera de estas áreas sugieren un rango de distribución más amplio en el pasado para las tres especies. Sus huevos calcáreos depositados sobre sustratos emergentes y el desarrollo de neonatos precociales apoyan su inclusión en el género Pomacea. Las cohortes de Pomacea sp1, P. americanista y P. megastoma presentaron importantes diferencias en sus tallas (43,6; 58,9 y 65,8 mm) y longevidades (84, 143 y 207 semanas) máximas. Las tallas de las conchillas, ajustadas al modelo de von Bertalanffy, reflejaron diferencias en el crecimiento corporal, tanto de hembras (K= 0,094; 0,100 y 0,038 sem-1 ) como de machos (K= 0,086; 0,101 y 0,037 sem-1 ). La supervivencia y la fecundidad permitieron confeccionar tablas de vida mensuales de las tres cohortes y estimar sus parámetros demográficos: tanto la tasa intrínseca de crecimiento de P. americanista como la de Pomacea sp1 se estimaron en 0,579 mes-1 , siendo más del triple que la de P. megastoma (0,183 mes-1 ); ésta última exhibió un tiempo generacional de 35,6 meses, frente a los 15,9 de P. americanista y los 11,9 de Pomacea sp1. En laboratorio, las hembras de P. americanista mostraron un comportamiento de cópulas múltiples, mientras que las de P. megastoma y Pomacea sp1 participaron en una o unas pocas cópulas en su vida, pero de mayor duración. Las tres cohortes mostraron importantes diferencias en el tamaño de sus huevos y en la morfología de sus vainas del pene, y presentaron dimorfismo sexual en la forma de sus conchillas y opérculos, en la edad a la madurez sexual y en su crecimiento. La cría bajo idénticas condiciones permite descartar que las diferencias observadas en el campo tengan un origen ecofenotípico, ya que persistieron en el laboratorio, apoyando la idea de que Pomacea sp1 constituye una especie aun no descrita. Si bien las tres cohortes mostraron ciclos de vida semélparos, en el campo podrían ser iteróparos y plurianuales debido a la estacionalidad térmica. Aunque algunos rasgos estudiados podrían indicar cierta invasividad, la mayoría de ellos, sumados a su hábitat restringido a fondos duros y a la fragilidad de los mismos, las convierte en especies potencialmente vulnerables. La evidencia aquí presentada sugiere que P. americanista, P. megastoma y Pomacea sp1 son tres especies diferentes entre sí y diferentes en conjunto a otras especies del género; sin embargo, se requiere complementar con otros estudios, sobre todo genéticos, para determinar si los rasgos compartidos se deben a convergencia por la ocupación de hábitats semejantes o a un ancestro común. / Ampullariids or apple snails are freshwater snails considered as important invaders worldwide, although this bad reputation is due to only three species that cause multiple ecological, sanitary and economic impacts, and on which most scientific interest has focused. The biological and ecological aspects of most ampullariids are practically unknown and their conservation status has not yet been addressed, as is the case of Pomacea megastoma and Pomacea americanista. The objective of this thesis was to provide new evidence on these two species, until recently placed in the genus Pomella, and to study a population that possibly constitutes a third species (Pomacea sp1). Information on their current habitats and geographic distributions was obtained and their life history traits were studied under controlled conditions. Their main parameters of demographic and somatic growth were also estimated, and their morphological characteristics were compared. The combination of these data is relevant to assess the degree of vulnerability and to approach a definition of the specific status of Pomacea sp1. To analyze the geographical distribution of the three taxa, an exhaustive sampling was carried out in watercourses of Mesopotamia Argentina and the malacological collections of two important museums were reviewed. Cohorts of 50 individuals were started from egg masses of each species collected in the field and reared individually until their natural death under controlled homogeneous conditions (26 ± 1 °C, photoperiod of 14 hours and lettuce ad libitum). The length of their shells was measured weekly, snails were allowed to mate in collective aquaria, and the number of laid eggs and of hatchlings were recorded. Field samplings confirmed their association with hard bottoms and their limited geographic distributions: P. americanista in the Alto Paraná and Iguazú River and P. megastoma in the Uruguay River and left bank of the Río de la Plata, while Pomacea sp1 was only found in a tributary of the Uruguay River. Older museum records outside of these areas suggest a wider past range for all three species. Their calcareous eggs deposited on emerging substrates and the development of precocial hatchlings support their inclusion in the genus Pomacea. The cohorts of Pomacea sp1, P. americanista and P. megastoma showed important differences in their maximum lengths (43.6, 58.9 and 65.8 mm) and longevities (84, 143 and 207 weeks). Shell sizes, adjusted to the von Bertalanffy model, reflected differences in somatic growth rates, both in females (K = 0.094, 0.100 and 0.038 weeks-1 ) and males (K = 0.086, 0.101 and 0.037 weeks-1 ). Survival and fertility data allowed the calculation of life tables for the three cohorts and to estimate their demographic parameters on a monthly basis: the intrinsic growth rate of both P. americanista and Pomacea sp1 was estimated at 0.579 month-1 , being more than threefold higher than that of P. megastoma (0.183 month-1 ); the generation time of the latter was 35.6 months, as compared to 15.9 and 11.9 months for P. americanista and Pomacea sp1, respectively. In the laboratory, P. americanista females showed multiple copulation behaviour, while P. megastoma and Pomacea sp1 females participated in one or a few copulations in their lifetime, but of a longer duration. The three cohorts showed important differences in their egg size and penis sheath morphology; they presented sexual dimorphism in the shape of their shells and opercula, in the age at sexual maturity and in shell growth. Breeding under identical conditions makes it possible to rule out that the differences observed in the field have an ecophenotypic origin, since they persisted in the laboratory, supporting the idea that Pomacea sp1 constitutes a not-yet-described species. Although the three cohorts showed semelparous life cycles, under field conditions they could be iteroparous and multi-annual due to thermal seasonality. Although some traits of the studied species could indicate invasiveness, most others, in addition to their restricted and fragile hard bottom habitats, make them potentially vulnerable species. The evidence presented here supports that P. americanista, P. megastoma and Pomacea sp1 are three species different from each other and also different as a whole from other species of the genus; however, complementary studies, especially genetic ones, are necessary to determine if the shared traits are due to convergence by the occupation of similar habitats or to a common ancestor

Submitted by Alberto Vieira (martins_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2017-09-18T23:34:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 273544.pdf: 6112646 bytes, checksum: 02b66257c682794dd807b4f4470fef9b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-18T23:34:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 273544.pdf: 6112646 bytes, checksum: 02b66257c682794dd807b4f4470fef9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 1982-07-13 / Através do estudo anatômico e histológico do aparelho reprodutor de Pomacea sp, tentamos obter uma base morfológica, visando preencher os vazios que ainda persistem no conhecimento dos caracteres utilizados na identificação específica de pilídeos. Por outro lado, tecemos certas considerações taxonômicas gerais, além da distribuição geográfica e geológica e uma resenha histórica do gênero bastante sucinta. Estudamos também as partes duras que consideramos como sendo concha,· rádula e mandíbula; e as partes moles abrangendo os aparelhos reprodutores masculino e feminino, e finalmente os dados biológicos do animal tanto “in natura” quanto em laboratório. Os exemplares estudados da espécie em questão foram capturados no Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro, e posteriormente levados para o laboratório onde os mantivemos em cativeiro. / In this paper the author gives an anatomical and histological study of the reproductive system of Pomacea sp in order to obtain a rnorphological base to add to the knowledge of the features that we use in the specific identification of pilids. They give some general taxonomic considerations the geographical and geological distribution and a very short historical review of the genus. The author also studied the hard parts, that they considered as being shell, radula and jaw; and the soft parts, that is, the male and female reproductive system, and finally the biological data about the animal “in natura” and in the laboratory. The specimens were trapped in Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro, and were taken to the laboratory where they grew up.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaLuciaLA.pdf: 558802 bytes, checksum: 98d47e89c4e4a60e90c20365fb7f45e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work studies the involved enzymatic way in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans sulfateds in the mollusc Pomacea sp. Had been identified endoglycosidases and exoglycosidases in the enzymatic extract of the mollusc Pomacea sp by means of hydrolysis activity in condroitim sulphate of whale cartilage and of the p-Nitrofenil-?-glucuronide, respectively. The enzymatic extracts qere obtained of Pomacea sp. being used of 0.1 sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0 and later centrifugated the 8,000 x g and the presents proteins in the sobrenadante were submitted to the fractionament with two crescents ammonium sulphate concentrations, the visualized activity biggest in the F2 fraction (50-80%). The ?-glucuronidase (F3) was isolated in gel chromatography filtration Biogel 1.5m, the purification degree was ratified in Chromatography Liquid of high efficiency (HPLC). The enzyme was purificated 6.362,5 times with 35,6% yield. The ? -glucuronidase isolated in this work showed a molecular mass of 100 kDa, determined for eletroforese in poliacrilamida gel . The determination of the ideal kinetic parameters for the catalysis of the p-nitrofenil- ? -glucuronide for ?-glucuronidase, showed excellent activity in pH 5,0 and temperature 65?C for 6 hours and apparent Km of 72 x 10-2 mM. It is necessary for the total degradation of 3mM of p-N-?-glucoronide, the amount of 1,2?g of ss-glucuronidase. The BaCl2 increased the activity of ss-glucuronidase, and the activity was inhibited completely by the composites SDS and NaH2PO4 / Esse trabalho estuda a via enzim?tica envolvida no metabolismo de glicosaminoglicanos sulfatados no molusco Pomacea sp. Foram identificadas atividades exo e endoglicosid?sicas no extrato prot?ico do molusco Pomacea sp por meio de hidr?lise do p-Nitrofenil-?-glucuron?deo e atividade em condroitim sulfato de cartilagem de baleia, respectivamente. O tecido obtido do molusco foi homogeneizado a 4?C com tamp?o acetato de s?dio, em seguida centrifugado a 8.000 x g e a prote?na presente no sobrenadante foi submetida ao fracionamento com crescentes concentra??es de sulfato de am?nio, sendo a atividade glicosid?sica maior visualizada na fra??o F2 (50-80%). A ?-glucuronidase (F3) foi isolada em cromatografia de gel filtra??o Bio-gel A 1.5m, o grau de purifica??o de 6.362,5 vezes foi ratificado em Cromatografia L?quida de Alta Efici?ncia (CLAE) com um rendimento de 35,6%. A ?-glucuronidase isolada neste trabalho apresenta uma massa molecular de 100 kDa, determinada por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. A determina??o dos par?metros cin?ticos ideais para a cat?lise do p-nitrofenil-?-glucuron?deo pela ?-glucuronidase, apresentou atividade ?tima em pH 5,0 e temperatura de 65?C por 4 horas e um Km aparente de 72 x 10-2 mM. S?o necess?rias para a degrada??o total de 3mM de p-N-?-glucuron?deo, a quantidade de 1,2mg de ?-glucuronidase. O BaCl2 aumentou a atividade da ?-glucuronidase e a atividade foi inibida completamente pelos compostos SDS e NaH2PO4

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-22T23:12:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PiataDeMeloGurgel_DISSERT.pdf: 2045322 bytes, checksum: c97574e0cf9c99147223d9afdcec71de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-26T00:14:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PiataDeMeloGurgel_DISSERT.pdf: 2045322 bytes, checksum: c97574e0cf9c99147223d9afdcec71de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T00:14:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PiataDeMeloGurgel_DISSERT.pdf: 2045322 bytes, checksum: c97574e0cf9c99147223d9afdcec71de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A contamina??o dos ambientes aqu?ticos ? um fen?meno que remonta ?s origens das civiliza??es humanas e foi amplificado pelo advento dos processos industriais. A cidade de Maca?ba/RN/Brasil tem como principal corpo h?drico o rio Jundia? que sofre descarga de efluentes de diversas ind?strias. O estudo se bifurcou numa frente de percep??o socioambiental, realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas cujo efluente t?xtil foi apontado pela popula??o como o principal problema no rio. Observou-se que quase a totalidade dos entrevistados apresentava preocupa??o com o meio ambiente. Al?m disso, h? uma inclus?o dos indiv?duos como parte causadora da problem?tica, pois uma parte significativa reconhece que suas atividades podem causar preju?zos ao ambiente e ? sa?de da popula??o. A partir disto, o monitoramento experimental da qualidade de ?gua foi conduzido por meio de analises f?sicas e qu?micas e ensaios ecotoxicol?gicos que se propuseram a avaliar em Pomacea lineata e em Mysidopsis juniae o efeito isolado do efluente t?xtil e sua influ?ncia no rio em compara??o com os limites estabelecidos pela legisla??o brasileira. Apesar das analises f?sicas e qu?micas demonstrarem-se inconclusivas acerca da participa??o do efluente t?xtil na contamina??o ambiental do rio, os ensaios ecotoxicol?gicos demonstraram-se contundentes ao sinalizar que o efluente pode apresentar risco aos organismos aqu?ticos e consequentemente ? sa?de humana. Assim, por meio de uma abordagem interdisciplinar foi poss?vel estudar a causa do problema socioambiental apontado pela popula??o na fase de percep??o e o efeito mensur?vel com an?lises de qualidade de ?gua no rio por meios dos ensaios mencionados. / The contamination of aquatic environments is a phenomenon that dates back the origins of human civilizations and was amplified by the advent of industrial processes. The Jundia? river , Maca?ba's main water source, suffering discharge of effluents from various industries. The study work?s in two fronts, the environmental perception front was conducted through semistructured interviews whose textile effluent was appointed by the population as the main problem in the river. It was observed that nearly all respondents had concerns about the environment. In addition, there is an inclusion of individuals as the cause of the problem, because a significant part recognizes that its activities may cause damage to the environment and people's health. In other front, the experimental monitoring of water quality was conducted through ecotoxicological tests and physiochemical analysis that proposed to assess Pomacea lineata .Mysidopsis juniae isolated effect of textile effluent and its influence on the river compared with the limits established by Brazilian law. Although the physio-chemical analysis shows is inconclusive about the participation of the textile effluent in environmental contamination of the river, the ecotoxicological tests have shown to blunt the signal that the effluent may present a risk to aquatic organisms and consequently to human health. Thus, an interdisciplinary way it was possible to study the cause of the environmental problem identified by the population in the realization phase and measurable effect on water quality analysis in the river by means of the tests mentioned.

El caracol de agua dulce sudamericano Pomacea canaliculata en un herbívoro generalista con hábitos de alimentación principalmente macrofitófagos. Los impactos más relevantes que este invasor ha producido fuera de su rango de distribución nativo se deben a la erradicación de la vegetación sumergida, que genera cambios en el funcionamiento ecosistémico. El estudio de la dieta natural y de otros aspectos de la alimentación de P. canaliculata son importantes para comprender sus efectos sobre la vegetación y su rol en los humedales naturales en su rango de distribución nativo, que no han sido estudiados aún. Los objetivos de esta tesis fueron analizar los determinantes de la variación en la dieta natural de P. canaliculata en la Cuenca de las Encadenadas del Oeste (Buenos Aires, Argentina), evaluar el efecto de su herbivoría sobre la composición y estructura de las macrófitas sumergidas e investigar si la ingesta de partículas líticas afecta los procesos digestivos. La palatabilidad y preferencia que presentan las diversas macrófitas sumergidas son las que determinan la herbivoría de P. canaliculata. Experimentos de laboratorio mostraron que la palatabilidad está relacionada de forma negativa con las defensas físicas de las mismas y que la preferencia se encuentra determinada por la palatabilidad. A través de experimentos en mesocosmos se demostró que P. canaliculata podría estar afectando la comunidad de macrófitas en su rango de distribución nativo, debido a la erradicación o a la disminución de la biomasa de algunas macrófitas, producido por el efecto de su herbivoría en conjunto con un incremento en la turbidez del agua. A su vez se registraron efectos sobre otros componentes del ecosistema, como el aumento en la productividad del fitoplancton y una disminución en la biomasa de detritos. El análisis de los contenidos del tracto digestivo de P. canaliculata a través de la técnica micrográfica resultó un método adecuado para estudiar su dieta natural. El estudio del contenido del intestino es suficiente para determinar la dieta, aportando la misma o una mayor información que el estómago, que ha sido el órgano usualmente estudiado. El componente principal de la dieta de P. canaliculata en su rango de distribución nativo fueron los detritos, mientras que macrófitas, gramíneas, restos animales y algas filamentosas completaron los ítems más representativos. Los diagramas de Amundsen sugieren que esta especie se comporta como generalista, resaltando la importancia de los detritos en la dieta natural. A pesar de que los ambientes estudiados difieren en la disponibilidad de recursos tróficos potenciales, la dieta estimada a partir de los contenidos digestivos no muestra variación entre ambientes ni a lo largo del año. Con la excepción del arroyo donde P. canaliculata es más frecuente, la frecuencia y abundancia de las macrófitas sumergidas en la Cuenca de las Encadenadas del Oeste no se relacionaron con las de P. canaliculata. Sin embargo, al comparar esta cuenca con otra cercana, donde este caracol está ausente, se encontraron diferencias evidenciando un probable efecto del caracol. La presencia de partículas líticas en el tracto digestivo de P. canaliculata es común en caracoles provenientes de ambientes naturales. La disponibilidad de partículas líticas puede aumentar la eficiencia de crecimiento, permitiendo alcanzar mayores largos y pesos, especialmente en las hembras juveniles. La ingesta de partículas parece ocurrir de forma accidental, pudiendo ingerir partículas que tengan un efecto adverso. Las partículas líticas en el tracto digestivo de P. canaliculata podrían actuar como gastrolitos, aunque esta función dependerá de la forma, tamaño y mineralogía de las mismas. Los resultados de esta tesis sugieren que Pomacea canaliculata tiene un rol como especie clave en su rango de distribución nativo y este rol puede mantenerse en el rango exótico. Los resultados obtenidos, también sugieren que podría tener un rol importante en la resistencia biótica ante macrófitas invasoras y también un uso potencial como agente de control biológico. Sin embargo, la palatabilidad de las macrófitas presentes en los ambientes naturales y sus respectivas abundancias son determinantes del rol de esta especie y de los efectos que puede llegar a producir. / The South American freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata is a generalist herbivore with macrophytophagous feeding habits. The most relevant impacts that this invasive snail has produced outside of its native range are due to the eradication of submersed vegetation, which generates changes in ecosystem functioning. The study of the natural diet and other aspects of the trophic ecology of P. canaliculata are important to understand its effects on aquatic vegetation and its role in waterbodies in its native range, which have not yet been studied. The objectives of this thesis were to study the determinants of the variation in the natural diet of P. canaliculata in the Encadenadas del Oeste basin (Buenos Aires, Argentina), to evaluate the effect of its herbivory on the composition and structure of submersed macrophyte communities and to investigate if the ingestion of lithic particles affects the digestive processes of the snail. The palatability and preference for the different submersed macrophytes determine the herbivory of P. canaliculata. Laboratory experiments showed that palatability is negatively related to the physical defenses of the submersed macrophytes and that the preference for one or another species depends on their palatability. Mesocosmos experiments demonstrated that P. canaliculata could be affecting the submersed macrophyte communities in its native range, due to the eradication or biomass reduction of some macrophytes, probably as a result of its herbivory together with an increase in water turbidity. At the same time, effects on other ecosystemic components were observed, such as the increase in the productivity of phytoplankton and a decrease in detrital biomass. The micrographic analysis of the digestive contents was an adequate method to study the natural diet of P. canaliculata. The analysis of the intestine content is sufficient to determine the diet, giving the same or even more information than the stomach, which has been the usually studied organ. The main component of the diet of P. canaliculata in its native range was detritus, while macrophytes, grasses, animal remains and filamentous algae completed the most representative items. The Amundsen diagrams suggest that this species behaves as a generalist, and highlights the importance of detritus in its natural diet. Although the environments studied differ in the availability of potential trophic resources, the diet estimated from the digestive contents does not show variation among environments or throughout the year. Exception made of the stream where P. canaliculata was more frequent, the frequency and abundance of submersed macrophytes in the Encadenadas del Oeste basin was not related to the presence and abundance of P. canaliculata. However, when comparing this basin with a nearby one where the snail is naturally absent, differences were found in the frequency of occurrence of the most palatable macrophytes, probably indicating an effect on the part of the snail. The presence of lithic particles in the digestive tract is common in P. canaliculata snails from natural waterbodies. The availability of lithic particles can increase growth efficiency, allowing greater lengths and weights to be reached by the snails, especially by juvenile females. The ingestion of these particles seems to happen accidentally, as the snails may ingest also particles that have noxious effects. The lithic particles in the digestive tract of P. canaliculata could act as gastroliths, although this function would depend on their shape, size and mineralogy. The results of this thesis suggest that Pomacea canaliculata has a role as a keystone species in its native range which may be maintained in the exotic range. Results also indicate this snail could play a role in the biotic resistance against invasive macrophytes in addition to showing a potential as a biological control agent. However, the palatability of the macrophytes present in natural environments and their respective abundances are determinants of the role of this species and the effects it eventually produces.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-19T13:52:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbara Brooklyn Timoteo Nascimento Silva.pdf: 534821 bytes, checksum: 10562bfdf804ec2c27773d76d75cefab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-19T13:52:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbara Brooklyn Timoteo Nascimento Silva.pdf: 534821 bytes, checksum: 10562bfdf804ec2c27773d76d75cefab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Pomacea lineata (Spix, 1827) is a pulmonate gastropod that has a large dependence on humidity, Ampullaridae belongs to the family whose geographic distribution includes almost all the Neotropical Region , which inhabits waters of course slow and stagnate. Pulmonate gastropods have a conspicuous ecological feature, aestivation, which is a form of resistance and adaptation probably best defined as a survival strategy to cope with the arid conditions, but is also typically associated with lack of food availability, and often with high ambient temperatures. During these periods of aestivation some physiological aspects can be changed, as in molluscs, most of these is temperature dependent and can be altered by its variation, including the activity of the immune system. The innate immune system of invertebrates involves humoral and cellular response similar to that found in vertebrates. The cellular defenses occurs in combination with humoral defenses. Humoral responses include the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and phenol oxidase enzyme activity, and cellular immune reactions are performed by hemocytes, performing, among other functions, encapsulation and phagocytosis of the pathogen. Thus, this research aimed to obtain information on some immunological parameters snail P. lineata in conditions of induced aestivation. The snails were induced to aestivation through the gradual withdrawal of water in the aquarium and abstention from food, getting in these conditions for 60 days. After this period, hemolymph of 40 individuals were collected for analysis of the total haemocyte count, measurement of nitric oxide, phenol oxidase activity and total protein. The results revealed that animals under aestivation showed a significant increase in the total number of hemocytes and measurement of nitric oxide, which may confer greater chance of survival. / Pomacea lineata (Spix, 1827) é um gastrópode pulmonado que apresenta uma grande dependência da umidade, pertencente à família Ampullaridae cuja distribuição geográfica inclui quase toda a Região Neotropical, na qual habita águas de curso lento e estagnadas. Gastrópodes pulmonados apresentam uma característica ecológica conspícua, a estivação, que é uma forma de resistência e adaptação provavelmente melhor definida como uma estratégia de sobrevivência para lidar com as condições áridas, mas também é tipicamente associada com a falta de disponibilidade de alimentos e, frequentemente, com as altas temperaturas ambientais. Durante estes períodos de estivação alguns aspectos fisiológicos podem ser alterados, pois nos moluscos, a maioria desses, é dependente da temperatura e podem ser alterados pela sua variação, incluindo a atividade do sistema imunitário. O sistema imunológico inato dos invertebrados envolve a resposta celular e humoral similarmente ao encontrado nos vertebrados. As defesas celulares ocorrem em combinação com as defesas humorais. As respostas humorais, incluem a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) e óxido nítrico (NO) e a atividade da enzima fenoloxidase, e as reações imunes celulares são realizadas pelos hemócitos, que executam, dentre outras funções, o encapsulamento e fagocitose do patógeno. Assim, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo obter informações sobre alguns parâmetros imunológicos do caramujo P. lineata em condições de estivação induzida. Os caramujos foram induzidos à estivação através da retirada gradual de água no aquário e abstenção de alimento, ficando nestas condições por 60 dias. Após este período, hemolinfa de 40 indivíduos foram coletadas para as análises de contagem total de hemócitos, dosagem de óxido nítrico, atividade da fenoloxidase e proteínas totais. Os resultados revelaram que os animais estivantes apresentavam um aumento significativo no número total de hemócitos e na dosagem de óxido nítrico, o que pode conferir maior chance de sobrevivência.

Invasion of exotic species is a global threat to native species, biological diversity, and ecological restoration projects. Pomacea maculata is a macrophyte herbivore often misidentified with one of the world’s most invasive and destructive exotic snail, Pomacea canaliculata, but has a broader geographical distribution and climate tolerance, and greater egg production. This research examines whether the exotic P. maculata and native Pomacea paludosa occupy identical vegetation communities, mechanisms of interference competition, grazing impact differences on Vallisneria americana and to develop an exploratory agent based model. This model uses historical and present data to project how differences between species in life history and grazing patterns can potentially impact South Florida ecosystems. This model examined how P. maculate invasion of South Florida could affect two of the Central Everglades Planning Project’s main environmental restoration goals: function of key vegetative communities and conservation of endangered or threatened species. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection