In recent year, the securities firms had suffered form the turmoil of the financial crisis in Taiwan. Although the Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation and the Securities and Futures Commission have their own early warning systems (EWS), the EWS based on financial statements and the "capital adequacy ratio", respectively for the risks that the brokers and dealers assume, still have some defects: (1) EWS based on financial statements are static and time-lagged in the rapid-moving market, and (2) the calculation rules in the capital adequacy ratio are inelastic and inefficient. This research emphasizes on the stock positions of the dealers, and calculate the "Value at Risk" (VaR) for these positions. In this way, we hope to know whether the EWS based on VaR can detect the risks of the dealers in time, and improve the drawbacks of the EWS based on financial statements and capital adequacy ratio. We found that: (1) the EWS based on VaR can effectively reflect the market risk of the dealers, and (2) the "historical simulation" method might distort the real portfolio risk, thus we suggest that "delta-normal" is a better method, and (3) the EWS based on VaR can discriminate the risk level of different securities dealers. In conclusion, we have the suggestion of the EWS for securities firms in the future. For firm-wide operation, the EWS based on financial statements is suitable; for the credit risks the securities firms may assume, the capital adequacy ratio is better; as for the market risk of the positions, VaR, undoubtedly, is a good alternative.

Sport psychological skills play an important role in sport performance. Evidence further suggests that the psychological skill levels may be influenced by the particular playing position. One hundred and eighty u/19 rugby players from the PUK Rugby Institute (average age: 18.79 +- 0.28 years) were tested during the 2003-2005 rugby seasons by means of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), Psychological Skills Inventory (PSI), Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28), as well as a questionnaire dealing with psychosocial factors influencing participation and performance in rugby. Players from the 2004 and 2005 seasons (n=120) were first divided into two groups (top- and lower ranked players) of 60 players each. Effect size results (practical significance) revealed moderately significant differences between the two groups, with the top ranked players outscoring their lower ranked counterparts in self-confidence, general coping resources, coping with adversity, average psychological skills score, as well as the effect of team members/team spirit, coaches and financial aspects on participation and performance. These results confirm that sport psychological skill levels and related psychosocial factors can distinguish between rugby union players of different participation levels. Secondly, the total subject group (n=180) was divided into seven positional groups (props, hookers, locks, loose trio, half-backs, centres and back three). These groups were compared by means of effect sizes (practical significance) for each of seven sport psychological skills as measured with the PSI. Moderate (46) and large (20) practically significant differences were reported for the 147 inter-positional comparisons. The results show that the half-backs and hookers consistently outperformed the other three positional groups, while the props, locks and back three often showed the lowest skill levels. While these results are discussed in reference to practical implications for future position specific sport psychological skills training sessions, they clearly show that sport psychological skill levels differ from one position to another. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Proprioceptive information appear to play an important role in stability and movements of shoulder joint in sporting activities especially in tennis. The purpose of this study was to measure the shoulder proprioceptive differences, and assess proprioceptive sense between dominant and non-dominant shoulders between male tennis players and controls between ages 14 - 16. 15 young male tennis players with a mean age 14.6 &plusmn / 0.7 years and 15 young male sedentary individuals with a mean age 14.8 &plusmn / 0.9 years participated in this cross-sectional descriptive study. Average height, weight, and BMI of the players were 169.4 &plusmn / 5.9 cm., 63.9 &plusmn / 5.5 kg., and 22.2 &plusmn / 1.0 kg/m2 respectively. Mean height, weight, and BMI of the non-players were 168.3 &plusmn / 5.3 cm., 64.4 &plusmn / 10.2 kg., and 23.1 &plusmn / 3.9 kg/m2 respectively. Proprioceptive sense was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer. Measurements were made in two positions: &lsquo / sitting&rsquo / versus &lsquo / standing&rsquo / for service, forehand, and backhand positions. Differences between players and control groups were investigated by MANOVA. Paired t-test was used to evaluate differences between dominant and non-dominant shoulders and sitting and standing positions. There was no statistically difference between players and non-players in means of age, body height, weight, and BMI. The study revealed the following results: 1) There was a significant difference between shoulder proprioceptive senses of players and controls (p &lt / 0.05) at service, forehand, and backhand positions. 2) Significant difference between dominant and non-dominant shoulders at 15&ordm / and 30&ordm / was not observed (p &lt / 0.05). 3) No significant difference was observed between sitting and standing positions at 30&ordm / (p &lt / 0.05). It was concluded that tennis players had better proprioceptive sense than their age matched sedentary controls.

This study addressed the lack of knowledge regarding the epidemiology of waking symptoms attributable to the cervico-thoraic spine. Five inter-linked studies were undertaken to investigate the relationships between reports of waking cervical pain, cervical stiffness, headache and scapular pain, cervico-thoracic spine posture in the side lying position and anthropometry. This has culminated in evidence based advice regarding pillow use. / Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2004.

Thesis (M.S.)--Air Force Institute of Technology, 2007. / AFIT/GIR/ENV/07-M15. Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Nov. 28, 2007). "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 170-174).

Thesis--University of Florida. / Description based on print version record. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 236-244).

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1980. / "March 1980." Thesis advisor: W. P. Hughes. Includes bibliographical references P. 85. Also available online.

Sammanfattning   Denna rapport redovisar ett tillvägagångssätt att inventera, inmäta och kartera föreslagna cykelleder åt Torsby Sportcenter samt framställa ett dokument med adressuppgifter över berörda fastighetsägare.   Inventering och inmätning utfördes med en enklare GPS-mottagare. Kartan framställdes i GIS-programmet ArcMap och som bakgrundskarta användes fastighetskartan ur vilken valda lager exporterades. För en del lager slogs vissa klasser ihop till en klass för att få en fungerande kartbild. Samtliga lager gavs egna manér. För att framställa fastighetsägaruppgifterna söktes först berörda fastigheter ut i fastighetskartan. Fastighetsbeteckningarna användes sedan i programmet TekisWebb TefatTorsby för att sedan sammanställas i en fastighetsägartabell. Cykelledernas redovisning i kartan gjordes med en symbol som fanns i ArcMap.   Det konstaterades att noggrannheten för GPS-mottagaren är tillräcklig för den skala som kartan redovisas i. Sökningen av fastigheter gav önskat resultat och kunde redovisas fullständigt. Däremot är sökningen av fastighetsägare inte fullständig. Cykelledernas symbolisering anses uppfylla kravet att framträda extra tydligt kartans bakgrundsinformation.   Inmätningen kan förbättras om inställningen för mätning av position är inställd på den tätaste positionsbestämningen. För sammanställande av fastigheter och fastighetsägare var det mycket manuell hantering. Detta borde gå att utveckla så att sökningarna sammanställs automatiskt. Förbättring av cykelledernas visualisering kan förslagsvis göras genom att en förstorad del kring Torsby sportcenter läggs in i kartan eller att kartan redovisas i större skala och format. / Abstract   This report describes an approach to measure positions and map proposed bicycle trails for Torsby Sports Center, and to produce a document with the address information of affected property owners.   Inventory and measurement of positions was carried out with an ordinary handheld GPS receiver. The map was produced using GIS (ArcMap) with property maps from the National Land Survey as background, from which the selected layers were exported. For some layers classes were defined into one class, in order to obtain an appropriate map design. All layers were given their own type of symbols. Property ownership data was singled out for concerned properties in the property map. Property designation was made in the program TekisWebb TefatTorsby and then imported into a property owner table. The symbol for bicycle trails in the map was obtained from the ArcMap symbol library.   It was found that the accuracy of the GPS receiver is high enough in relation to the map scale. The selection of properties gave desired results and was reported complete. The selection of the property owners was, however, not complete.  The bicycle trail symbols was considered to meet the requirements of being extra clearly visible on the map’s background information.   Measurement of positions can be improved if the setting is set to the highest positioning accuracy. The compiling of properties and property owners involved extensive manual handling work, and it would be possible to automate that process further. Improvement of bicycle trails visualization can be done by adding a larger scale map of the local area surrounding Torsby Sports Center and include in the map, or by increasing the map scale and format.

Different kinds of options and the possibilities of their use in international environment is the subject of this final thesis. At the beginning of thesis, history of options, their classification according to different kinds, and situation on the stock exchange market and OTC market are discussed. In the next part, the thesis speaks about the main option positions, more complicated option positions, warrants and interest rate option. Every single option is characterized in more detailed way along with the different examples of their use for financial risk management in the international trade or their use for more and more evolving speculation on the financial markets.

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between managers' ethical positions and their intended behavior.