Thesis (doctoral)--München, 1934.

Thesis (doctoral)--München, 1934.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1930.

This study will endeavor to point out, discuss, and objectify the more fundamental considerations basic to any investigation of the subject. In conjunction with the above aims, this study will include a description of the problems found in evaluating managerial positions and some of the ways these problems have been met.

No description available.

No description available.

This study investigated management positions for women in the apparel manufacturing industry of Virginia in regard to ownership and size of firm, type of production, products produced, incidence of females employed, and criteria for employment of managerial personnel. The sample consisted of 33 management employees from different garment production plants in the state. The questionnaire, developed for collection of data through personal interviews, was pretested with three plant managers and with faculty and graduate students. Interviews were completed in March, 1977. The chi-square test of independence tested possible relationships between the total number of females in management positions in relation to gross sales of firms, type of apparel manufactured, and total number of men having managerial responsibilities. There was a significant difference at the .05 level, between the number of women in management positions in relation to gross sales of the plants surveyed and type of garments produced; more females had managerial responsibilities in firms with annual sales over $5,000,000; and manufactured apparel for women, misses, and juniors. There also was a significant difference between the total number of females in relation to the total number of males in management positions. Men held a larger proportion of the top and middle level positions than women; females had a majority of the lower management and production worker jobs. A large proportion of managers who responded seemed to believe the fallacies about females in management which suggested that this may b~ one reason why few women held upper level roles. Garment production firms in Virginia tended to be closed corporations; employed less than 300 people; had gross annual sales over $1,000,000; had only one production plant; and were classified as manufacturers. Some respondents recommended that individuals aspiring to top and middle management positions have a college education and that supervisory personnel have a high school diploma. Many firms preferred that all employees have previous work experience in the same type of garment production. / Master of Science

One purpose of higher education is to graduate students who will become productive citizens. An integral aspect of being a productive citizen is employment. Finding a job requires the acquisition of skills that employers report they seek in college graduates. There are various ways that students can learn these skills. They can be learned in the classroom, and through extracurricular activities. They can also be learned from students' part time employment. Part-time employment is a significant part of the college experience for many undergraduate students. Students are employed in a variety of different jobs while in college. These jobs can be grouped into three categories: cooperative education experiences, leadership positions, and wage positions. Scholars have explored the impact of cooperative and leadership positions on students. However, an extensive search of the literature revealed no studies which investigated the kinds of skills students in wage positions learn. Yet, the number of students employed in wage positions may exceed the number of students employed in the other two types of student jobs. The purpose of this study was to examine the skills learned by undergraduate students who were employed in on-campus wage positions. The study was designed to measure whether the skills student employees learn are skills that employers seek in college graduates. To seek answers to these research questions a list of skills was developed from the literature available on job skills employers seek in college graduates. After determining the eight most common skills employers seek in college graduates they hire, the researcher operationalized the skills by assigning typical job-related activities to each of the eight skills identified in the literature as being sought by employers of college graduates. Then, the researcher recruited 32 undergraduate students (16 male and 16 female) in wage positions to report data about what they learned while working. These data were collected through logs that detailed activities in which student employees engaged while on the job. The study found that students in on-campus wage positions engaged in certain activities more than others. The activities in which they engaged indicated that they were learning some skills which employers seek in college graduates. Results showed that participants reported a high number of activities which related to Analytical Skills, Adaptability/Flexibility, and Communication Skills. Participants reported activities which related to Interpersonal Skills and Teamwork Skills to a moderate degree. Activities related to Initiative, Self Confidence, and Leadership Skills were reported least often. Differences were found in the reporting patterns of men and women. Some of these differences were found to be significant. / Master of Arts

L’objet de cette thèse est d’explorer le phénomène de l’ennui, en le définissant et en observant son utilisation en contexte scolaire, par l’intermédiaire de la théorie des représentations sociales. En le considérant comme un thêma, producteur de thèmes et de discours, nous en avons dégagé une structure binaire, permettant de justifier les écarts à la norme. Trois études traitent des manifestations de l’ennui chez le corps enseignant, et chez les élèves, mettant à l’épreuve cette structure, et attestant de la significativité de ce phénomène dans le champ scolaire, comme système d’explication, de désengagement et de différenciation. En s’appuyant sur différents contextes et positions scolaires (réussite vs échec ; garçon vs fille), nous avons mesuré dans une troisième étude auprès de Professeur-e-s des Ecoles, ce qu’induit l’ennui dans un relevé de notes, en termes de traits personnologisants, ainsi que les conséquences pédagogiques et didactiques. En complétant pas des données empiriques, ces recherches mettent en évidence une utilisation stratégique de l’ennui comme thêma, permettant de justifier des situations opposées, en proposant un système d’explication en adéquation avec les idéologies dominantes. / The aim of this work is to investigate the phenomenon of boredom, by a definition and an observation of its use in the scholar context, thanks to the social representations theory. Boredom as a thêma produces themes and speeches. We bring brought out a binary structure, allowing us to justifying departures from norms. Three studies deal with teachers and pupils‘s boredom demonstrations, testing this structure and attesting its significance in the scholar context, as an explicative, disengagemental, and differentiation system. Through different scholar contexts and positions (success vs failure and boy vs girl), we assess mesured on a third study nearby primary school teachers, the effects of boredom mentioned on a report card, on personal trait terms, and pedagogical and didactical consequences. We completed our work with empirical data, to emphasize a strategic use of boredom as a thêma, justifying opposed contexts, and offering an explicative system adequate with the dominant ideologies.

Enseigner l’agroécologie signifie intégrer autant que possible la pluralité, la complexité et l’instabilité de savoirs controversés entre plusieurs approches de l’agroécologie. Nous appréhendons cet enseignement dans le cadre de la didactique des Questions Socialement Vives. Nous abordons l’agroécologie par ses questionnements : quels sont les problèmes prioritaires à résoudre ? Quels espace et temporalité apparaissent pertinents pour la construction d’agroécosystèmes ? Comment prendre en considération les dimensions écologique, sociale et humaine et quelles pratiques cohérentes y adosser ? Apprendre l’agroécologie revient entre autres à vivre des changements dans ses positionnements sur les différentes approches agroécologiques et à dessiner sa propre trajectoire. Nous essayons de répondre à ces questions en proposant une représentation schématique des différentes approches de l’agroécologie. Nous analysons les discours de six apprenants ayant suivi un module d’agroécologie inclus dans une formation agricole à l’aide d’un cadre d’analyse de l’argumentation adapté au contexte des controverses. Nous présentons la diversité des trajectoires de changements de positionnements sur les différentes approches agroécologiques, la complexification de l’argumentation qui s’est déployée et l’évolution desprojets d’installation. Nous en déduisons des effets du module d’agroécologie. Nous retenons l’intérêt d’une diversité didactique, la pluralité des profils des apprenants, des formateurs, des approches de l’agroécologie et de leurs controverses, des acteurs visités, sans exclure les nécessaires apports disciplinaires notamment sur la conservation des sols correspondant à un besoin d’apprentissage des apprenants. / Teaching agroecology mean integrating as much as possible the plurality, complexity and instability of controversial knowledge between several approaches of agroecology. We apprehend this teaching in the context of the didactics of Socially Acute Questions. We address agroecology through its questions: what are the priority problems to be solved? what space and temporality seem relevant to the construction of agroecosystems ? how to take into account the ecological, social and human dimensions and what consistent practices to back it up? Learning about agro-ecology means, among other things, changing its positioning on different agro-ecological approaches and drawing its own trajectory.We try to answer these questions proposing a schematic representation of the different approaches of agroecology. We analyze the discourse of six learners who have followed an agro-ecology module included in agricultural training using a framework of analysis of the argument adapted to the context of the controversies. We present the diversity of the trajectories of changes of position on the different agro-ecological approaches, the complexification of the argumentation that has been deployed and the evolution of installation projects. We deduce some effects of the agroecology module. We retain the interest of a didactic diversity, plurality of profiles of learners, trainers, approaches of agroecology and of their controversies, visited actors, without excluding the necessary contributions of the disciplinary contents, oriented in particular on the conservation of the soil corresponding to a learning need of the learners.