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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Historia, memoria y novela en la Argentina de la posdictadura. La cuestión de la responsabilidad extendida

Paz-Mackay, María Soledad 23 April 2013 (has links)
In Argentina, the violence of the recent past has become the central analysis of History and Collective Memory. The crimes and human rights violations that occurred during the last dictatorship (1976-1983) have been the object of dispute. The “two demons” theory that derived from the report of the “National Commission of the Disappeared” assigned equal responsibility to the two parties involved in the conflict: the dictatorship and the militant opposition. The theory positioned Argentinean society as a spectator or victim of the violence. Since the return of democracy in 1983, Argentinean social discourse has shown fluctuations in the conflictive relationship between History and Collective Memory regarding this traumatic time period. The literary discourse, as an integrated part of the social discourse, shares common arguments and topics which are inscribed and transformed in post dictatorship literary texts. This dissertation analyses the fictional representation of History and Collective Memory in four Argentinean novels published between 1995 and 2002: Dos veces junio (2002) by Martín Kohan, El secreto y las voces (2002) by Carlos Gamerro, Ni muerto has perdido tu nombre (2002) and Villa (1995) by Luis Gusmán. I argue that these novels present the necessary equilibrium between the two narrations of the past. By introducing narrating voices outside the dual format of victims and victimizers, the characters seem to extend responsibility for what had happened to other groups of individuals. These novels also introduce the children of the disappeared, who want to recover their “incomplete” family identity. I assert that these characters bring into question the theory of the “two demons”. They signal that there are other protagonists of the crimes: the witnesses who kept silent for many years. The question of social responsibility during the last dictatorship is embedded in the representation of the conflictive relationship between Collective Memory and History. Impunity for the human rights violations intertwines the four novels by highlighting the omission, silence and cowardly attitudes possessed by the characters. Those who witnessed the crimes that erased many identities, and remained silent, share part of the responsibility.
2

Historia, memoria y novela en la Argentina de la posdictadura. La cuestión de la responsabilidad extendida

Paz-Mackay, María Soledad January 2013 (has links)
In Argentina, the violence of the recent past has become the central analysis of History and Collective Memory. The crimes and human rights violations that occurred during the last dictatorship (1976-1983) have been the object of dispute. The “two demons” theory that derived from the report of the “National Commission of the Disappeared” assigned equal responsibility to the two parties involved in the conflict: the dictatorship and the militant opposition. The theory positioned Argentinean society as a spectator or victim of the violence. Since the return of democracy in 1983, Argentinean social discourse has shown fluctuations in the conflictive relationship between History and Collective Memory regarding this traumatic time period. The literary discourse, as an integrated part of the social discourse, shares common arguments and topics which are inscribed and transformed in post dictatorship literary texts. This dissertation analyses the fictional representation of History and Collective Memory in four Argentinean novels published between 1995 and 2002: Dos veces junio (2002) by Martín Kohan, El secreto y las voces (2002) by Carlos Gamerro, Ni muerto has perdido tu nombre (2002) and Villa (1995) by Luis Gusmán. I argue that these novels present the necessary equilibrium between the two narrations of the past. By introducing narrating voices outside the dual format of victims and victimizers, the characters seem to extend responsibility for what had happened to other groups of individuals. These novels also introduce the children of the disappeared, who want to recover their “incomplete” family identity. I assert that these characters bring into question the theory of the “two demons”. They signal that there are other protagonists of the crimes: the witnesses who kept silent for many years. The question of social responsibility during the last dictatorship is embedded in the representation of the conflictive relationship between Collective Memory and History. Impunity for the human rights violations intertwines the four novels by highlighting the omission, silence and cowardly attitudes possessed by the characters. Those who witnessed the crimes that erased many identities, and remained silent, share part of the responsibility.
3

MEMORYSCAPES: PLACE, MOBILITY, AND MEMORY IN THE POST-DICATORIAL SOUTHERN CONE

Pittenger, Rebbecca M. 01 January 2011 (has links)
The urban landscapes of Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay lay bare the markings of these countries‘ turbulent political and economic pasts, their transition to democracy, and diverse efforts to preserve memory. Claudia Feld‘s observation that these countries have experienced a 'memory boom‘—not a deficit—in recent years manifests itself as much culturally and politically as it does spatially, through the creation of memorials, memory parks, museums, and memory-related performances and discourses. Along these same lines, narratives of memory recur among artistic and cultural works of the post-dictatorial Southern Cone—not exclusively among memorials and other designated sites of recollection, but along the everyday corridors and causeways of some of South America‘s most populous cities, and rather unexpectedly, among seemingly generic sites of consumerism and transit. In fact, my reading of literary and cinematic works by Alberto Fuguet, Sergio Chejfec, Ignacio Agüero, and Fabián Bielinsky, and my examination of Uruguay‘s Punta Carretas Shopping Center, suggests that memory has not been easily corralled into designated sites nor erased through modern spaces and lifestyles; instead, each of the works analyzed in this study reveals that palimpsests of memory can appear often and, in many cases, spontaneously among all angles of the cityscape.
4

Problematización de la memoria histórica: intertextualidades y transiciones políticas en Insensatez de Horacio Castellanos Moya y La dimensión desconocida de Nona Fernández

Miller, Jennifer Freeman 04 May 2023 (has links)
This thesis proposes a new perspective and critical reflection on two contemporary Latin American novels, Insensatez (2004) by Honduran-Salvadorean author Horacio Castellanos Moya and La dimensión desconocida (2016) by Chilean author Nona Fernández. Situating each novel within its respective historical context of political transition following years of violent national conflict, the politics of memory and the concomitant concern for human rights directly informs the argument. The theoretical framework which directs the analysis of each work centers on the intertextual relationship between the narrative and the novel's foundational document. In Insensatez, the intertext of interest is the official report of the Recovery of Historical Memory Project (REMHI) titled Guatemala: Nunca Más (1998) and in La dimensión desconocida the intertext is the interview with the former Chilean intelligence agent, Andrés Valenzuela, published in the magazine Cauce (1985). This thesis first reveals how Castellanos Moya utilizes various literary strategies in combination with the libreta as a narrative element to question the privileged position of testimonio in the memory works that have proliferated in postwar Central America. This thesis also demonstrates how Nona Fernández constructs a complex intertextual dialogue with the testimony of the victimizer Valenzuela to interrogate the ethical binaries that have sustained Chilean literary production on historical memory since the dictatorship. The combined analyses of these two novels enable new perceptions of how contemporary Latin American fictions can creatively employ intertextuality as a narrative tool to problematize the cultural and literary representation of a traumatic past. / Master of Arts / This thesis proposes new critical perspectives on two contemporary Latin American novels, Insensatez (2004) by Honduran-Salvadorean author Horacio Castellanos Moya and La dimensión desconocida (2016) by Chilean author Nona Fernández. Situating each novel within its respective historical context of political transition following years of violent national conflict, the analysis centers on the textual relationship between the narrative and the novel's foundational document. In Insensatez, the document of interest is the official report of the Recovery of Historical Memory Project (REMHI) titled Guatemala: Nunca Más (1998) and in La dimensión desconocida the essential document is the interview with the former Chilean intelligence agent, Andrés Valenzuela, published in the magazine Cauce (1985). This thesis first reveals how Castellanos Moya utilizes various literary strategies in combination with the libreta as a narrative element to question the favored position of testimonio in the memory works that have proliferated in postwar Central America. This thesis then demonstrates how Nona Fernández constructs a complex dialogue with the confession of the victimizer Valenzuela to challenge the ethical oppositions that have sustained Chilean literary production on historical memory since the dictatorship. The combined analyses of these two novels enable new perceptions of how contemporary Latin American fictions can creatively use textual relationships as a tool to interrogate the cultural and literary representation of a traumatic past.
5

The Post-Dictatorial Thriller Form

Powell, Audrey Bryant 2012 May 1900 (has links)
This dissertation proposes a theoretical examination of the Latin American thriller through the framework of post-dictatorial Chile, with a concluding look at the post civil war Central American context. I define the thriller as a loose narrative structure reminiscent of the basic detective story, but that fuses the conventional investigation formula with more sensational elements such as political violence, institutional corruption and State terrorism. Unlike the classic form, in which crime traditionally occurs in the past, the thriller form engages violence as an event ongoing in the present or always lurking on the narrative horizon. The Chilean post-dictatorial and Central American postwar histories contain these precise thriller elements. Throughout the Chilean military dictatorship (1973-1990), the Central American civil wars (1960s-1990s) and the triumph of global capitalism, political violence emerges in diversified and oftentimes subtle ways, demanding new interpretational paradigms for explaining its manifestation in contemporary society. In Chile, however, despite a history ripe with the narrative elements of the thriller, a consistent thriller novelistic tradition remains underdeveloped. My research reveals that contemporary Chilean ? and by extension, Latin American ? fiction continues to be analyzed under the aegis of melancholy and the tragic legacy of dictatorship or revolutionary insurgency. Therefore, a theoretical examination of the post-dictatorial/postwar thriller answers the need to not only move beyond previously established literary and political paradigms toward a more nuanced engagement with the present, but to envision a form of thinking beyond national tragedy and trauma. This dissertation analyzes samples of the post-dictatorial detective narrative and testimonial account, which constitute the mirroring narrative components of the thriller. The detective texts and testimonial writings analyzed in this project demonstrate how the particular use of the detective story and testimonial account mirror one another at every fundamental level, articulating what I am theorizing as the thriller structure. Using the theoretical approximations of John Beverley, Brett Levinson, Alberto Moreiras, Jon Beasley-Murray, Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, Carl Schmitt and Carlo Galli, this project makes an original inquiry into why the thriller emerges as the most apt narrative framework for exploring the forms of violence in present-day Latin America.
6

Etrangeté et étrangèreté dans l'oeuvre de Sergio Chejfec / Strangeness and Strangerness in Sergio Chejfec’s works

Coquil, Benoît 27 November 2017 (has links)
L’oeuvre de Sergio Chejfec (Buenos Aires, 1956), composée de romans et de nouvelles,de nombreux essais et de deux recueils poétiques, figure parmi les propositions les plus singulières de la littérature argentine contemporaine. Entamée à la fin des années 1980, dans le contexte d’intense questionnement sur les moyens et les fins de la littérature nationale qui caractérise la période post-dictatoriale, cette oeuvre se poursuit encore aujourd’hui, désormais depuis New York. L’analyse transversale de l’oeuvre que nous proposons par la présente thèse s’appuie sur un corpus primaire de sept romans et s’organise autour des notions d’étrangeté et d’étrangèreté.La première partie s’attache à montrer que les altérations qui viennent semer le trouble dans la relation du sujet au réel ont partie liée avec la disparition de l’alter ego, qu’elles peuvent se concevoir à la lumière de la notion freudienne d’Unheimliche (« l’étrange familier »), et que s’y articule notamment la figure spectrale, en lien avec un passé – intime ou national – qui ne passe pas. L’étrangèreté géographique, sujet de la deuxième et la troisième partie, est définie comme une impossible territorialisation et se manifeste par les motifs récurrents de la marge et de l’errance. Au leitmotiv marginal – lieux périphériques, personnages paratopiques –s’associe également une figure d’auteur instable dans le champ littéraire argentin. Le motif de l’errance, quant à lui, réactive à la fois le mythe du peuple juif errant, par lequel l’auteurs se réapproprie ses origines, et le topos littéraire argentin du « désert ». L’errance, enfin, est aussi celle du lecteur, que Chejfec ne cesse de désorienter par un ensemble de procédés d’« étrangisation » (ostranenie) de la forme de ses textes.C’est enfin l’étrangèreté à soi et le brouillage des identités qui nous occupera dans un quatrième temps : il s’agira d’analyser la déconstruction du personnage romanesque, mais aussi les phénomènes de dédoublements, d’aliénations ou d’hybridités des sujets qui sont à l’oeuvre chez Chejfec. Les figures troublées de l’auteur, la question de la filiation et des origines ainsi que le rapport d’étrangèreté à la langue seront par la suite les axes principaux de cette dernière partie. / Sergio Chejfec was born in Buenos Aires, in 1956, and wrote novels, short stories, numerous essays and two collections of poems. His work is listed among the most unusual propositions in contemporary Argentine literature. Sergio Chejfec started writing at the end of the 1980s, in a context of intense questioning of the means and ends of the national literature which characterizes the post-dictatorship period, and now goes on with his work from New York City. This thesis intends to offer a cross-disciplinary analysis, relies on a corpus of seven novels, and is organized around the notions of strangeness and strangerness.The first part endeavors to show that the distortions that trigger a trouble some relationship between the subject and the world are hand in glove with the disappearance ofthe alter ego; that they can be conceived of in the light of the Freudian notion of the uncanny (das Unheimliche); and that they articulate a spectral figure that is linked with either an intimate or national past, and yet does not pass. Geographical strangerness is the main focus of the second part and is defined as impossible territorializing. It expresses itself in the recurrent motifs of margin andwandering. The marginal leitmotiv – peripheral places, paratopical characters – is also articulated with the figure of an author who remains on the fringe of the Argentine literary circle. As for the motif of wandering, it reactivates both the myth of the Wandering Jew,through whom the author takes back his origins, and the Argentine literary topos of the“desert.” At last, wandering is that of the reader, whom Chejfec tries to disorientate through a series of processes that “enstrange” (ostranenie) the form of the texts.The fourth part concentrates on strangerness and the blurring of identities. It analyses the deconstruction of the novelistic character, and the phenomena of splitting, alienating and hybridizing the subjects in Chejfec’s work. The troubled figures of the author, the question of filiation and of origins and strangerness to language are the main threads of this last part.
7

Experiencia de la desaparición en Lumpérica de Diamela Eltit, Los planetas de Sergio Chejfec y Los rubios de Albertina Carri

Molinié, Roxana 12 1900 (has links)
Cette thèse analyse l’articulation de l’expérience de la perte d’expérience à laquelle donnent lieu les dictatures et les post-dictatures au Chili et en Argentine dans Lumpérica (1983) de Diamela Eltit, Los planetas (1999) de Sergio Chejfec, et Los rubios (2003) d’Albertina Carri. Les dernières dictatures militaires dans le Cône sud latino-américain imposent ou préparent le terrain pour l’implantation d’un nouvel ordre néolibéral qui s’intensifie sous les régimes démocratiques postérieurs. Au cours de cette transition, le terrorisme d’État au moyen duquel les gouvernements militaires visent à éliminer toute forme de résistance à la reconfiguration de la société nécessaire à la mise en place de politiques néolibérales, donne lieu à une expérience inédite, difficile à communiquer. De plus, autant les dictatures que les démocraties post-dictatoriales mettent en oeuvre des mécanismes d’oubli du passé, soit par la répression, le consensus politique ou les moyens de communication de masse. C’est dans ce contexte que l’expérience disparaît. Le questionnement sur l’expérience de la perte d’expérience est basé principalement sur deux axes théoriques: le concept de transition de l’État au Marché dans le Cône sud latino-américain développé par des intellectuels tels que Willy Thayer, Idelber Avelar ou Brett Levinson, parmi d’autres, ainsi que sur les réflexions sur l’expérience dictatoriale de Sergio Rojas et sur la crise de l’expérience dans la modernité de Walter Benjamin. Le premier chapitre, dédié à Lumpérica, interprète le rituel nocturne où la protagoniste, une femme appelée L. Iluminada, séduit le protagoniste masculin du roman, un panneau électrique appelé “el luminoso” qui projette des messages publicitaires au milieu d’une place publique de Santiago, pour que celui-ci la blesse et marque sa peau, comme la mise en scène d’un “désir photographique” de garder une empreinte de la transition que d’autres moyens de communication tendent à effacer. Le deuxième chapitre traite de la figuration de l’excès dans Los planetas et analyse comment l’écriture, la photographie et l’espace urbain, en assumant une fonction de suppléments de la voix et de la présence de M, séquestré et disparu pendant la dictature argentine, rendent compte de l’expérience de la perte de l’expérience d’une plénitude. Après avoir exposé le rôle des jouets dans la polémique générée par Los rubios, le troisième chapitre analyse comment le film de Carri sur la mémoire de ses parents disparus transmet l’expérience des générations post-dictatoriales et fait face à l’héritage du passé par le jeu. / This thesis analyzes how Diamela Eltit’s Lumpérica (1983), Sergio Chejfec’s Los planetas (1999), and Albertina Carri’s Los rubios (2003) articulate the experience of the loss of experience resulting from the dictatorships and post-dictatorships in Chile and Argentina. The last military dictatorships in the Southern Cone either impose or prepare the ground for the establishment of a new neoliberal order that deepens and intensifies with later democratic regimes. In this transition, the military governments deploy strategies of State terrorism that aim to eliminate all forms of resistance to the social reconfiguration necessary for the implementation of neoliberal politics, giving rise to an unprecedented kind of experience that is difficult to communicate. Moreover, both the dictatorships and the post-dictatorial democracies adopt strategies of forgetting, through either repression, political consensus or mass media communications. It is in this context that experience disappears. The discussion on experience of the loss of experience is based mainly on the concept of transition from State to Market in Latin America’s Southern Cone developed by thinkers such as Willy Thayer, Idelber Avelar or Brett Levinson, among others, as well as on Sergio Rojas’s considerations on dictatorial experience and on Walter Benjamin’s reflections on the crisis of experience in modern life. The first chapter, dedicated to Lumpérica, analyzes a nocturnal ritual where the protagonist, a woman named L. Iluminada, seduces the male protagonist, an electric billboard called “el luminoso” that projects publicity messages in the middle of a public square in Santiago; she hopes to make him wound and mark her skin, staging a “photographic desire” to keep a trace of the transition that other media push towards forgetting and erasure. The second chapter focuses on the figuration of excess in Los planetas, analyzing how writing, photography and urban space act as supplements to the voice and to the presence of M, a young man who disappeared during the Argentinian dictatorship, thus accounting for the loss of experience. After revisiting the debate incited by Los rubios, much of which centred on the film’s polemic use of toys, the third chapter analyzes how Carri’s film about the memory of her disappeared parents transmits the experience of post-dictatorial generations and confronts the heritage of the past through play. / En esta tesis se analiza la articulación de la experiencia de la pérdida de experiencia a la que dan lugar las dictaduras y las postdictaduras en Chile y Argentina, en Lumpérica (1983) de Diamela Eltit, Los planetas (1999) de Sergio Chejfec, y Los rubios (2003) de Albertina Carri. Las últimas dictaduras militares en el Cono Sur imponen o preparan el terreno para la implantación de un nuevo orden neoliberal que se intensifica durante los regímenes democráticos posteriores. En esta transición, el terrorismo de Estado mediante el cual los gobiernos militares buscan eliminar toda forma de resistencia a la reconfiguración de la sociedad que requiere la implementación de las políticas neoliberales, da lugar a una experiencia inédita, difícil de comunicar. Por otro lado, tanto las dictaduras como las democracias postdictatoriales ponen en marcha mecanismos de olvido del pasado, ya sea mediante la represión, el consenso político o los medios de comunicación de masas. Es en este contexto que la experiencia desaparece. Las premisas teóricas en que se basa el cuestionamiento sobre la experiencia de la pérdida de experiencia son el concepto de transición del Estado al Mercado en el Cono Sur latinoamericano desarrollado por intelectuales como Willy Thayer, Idelber Avelar o Brett Levinson, entre otros, así como las reflexiones sobre la experiencia dictatorial de Sergio Rojas y sobre la crisis de la experiencia en la modernidad de Walter Benjamin. El primer capítulo, dedicado a Lumpérica, interpreta el ritual nocturno en el que la protagonista, una mujer llamada L. Iluminada, seduce al protagonista masculino de la novela, un cartel eléctrico llamado “el luminoso” que proyecta avisos comerciales en el centro de una plaza de Santiago, para que este la hiera y marque su piel, como la puesta en escena de un “deseo fotográfico” de guardar una huella de la transición que otros medios tienden a borrar. El segundo capítulo enfoca la figuración del exceso en Los planetas y analiza cómo la escritura, la fotografía y el espacio urbano, al adquirir en la novela una función de suplementos de la palabra viva y de la presencia de M, secuestrado y desaparecido durante la dictadura argentina, dan cuenta de la experiencia de la pérdida de la experiencia de una plenitud. Después de exponer el rol de los juguetes en la polémica generada por Los rubios, el tercer capítulo analiza cómo el film de Carri sobre la memoria de sus padres montoneros desaparecidos transmite la experiencia de las generaciones postdictatoriales y se enfrenta al legado del pasado mediante el juego.
8

The dismembered family : youth, memory, and modernity in rural southern Chile

Henderson, Rita Isabel 01 1900 (has links)
Cette thèse traite de la supposée perte de culture politique et citoyenne que connaît le Chili de la période post-dictature. Bien qu’une telle perte soit généralement considérée comme une évidence, nous évaluons dans quelle mesure celle-ci est bien réelle en nous intéressant aux processus d’apprentissage du comportement civique de la plus jeune génération politique du pays qui a aujourd’hui atteint la vingtaine. Étant donné que les membres de cette génération étaient soit au stade de l’enfance, soit pas même nés au moment de la transition démocratique de 1990, ils ont habituellement pris connaissance des événements de répression étatique et de réconciliation démocratique par l’intermédiaire de leurs aînés. Ce phénomène est encore plus marqué dans les régions rurales du sud du pays où la majeure partie de ce que les jeunes générations savent du passé conflictuel de leur pays, incluant le colonialisme, le socialisme révolutionnaire et le fascisme, n’a pas été transmis par la communication verbale ou volontaire, mais indirectement via les habitudes et préférences culturelles qui ne manquent pas d’influencer les décisions politiques. À travers l’analyse des mécanismes de transmission inter-générationnelle de diverses perspectives d’un passé contesté, notre travail explore les processus par lesquels, à l’échelle micro, certains types de comportement politique sont diffusés au sein des familles et de petits réseaux communautaires. Ces derniers se situent souvent en tension avec les connaissances transmises dans les domaines publics, comme les écoles et certaines associations civiques. De telles tensions soulèvent d’importantes questions au sujet des inégalités de statut des membres de la communauté nationale, en particulier à une époque néolibérale où la réorganisation du fonctionnement des services sociaux et du contrôle des ressources naturelles a transformé les relations entre le monde rural pauvre et la société dominante provenant des centres urbains. Au sein de la jeune génération politique du Chili, dans quelle mesure ces perspectives situées concernant un passé pour le moins contesté, ainsi que leurs impacts sur la distribution actuelle du pouvoir dans le pays façonnent-ils des identités politiques en émergence ? Nous abordons cette question à l’aide d’une analyse ethnographique des moyens auxquels les jeunes recourent pour acquérir et exprimer des connaissances au sujet de l’histoire et de son influence latente dans la vie civique actuelle. Nos données proviennent de plus de deux années de terrain anthropologique réalisées dans trois localités du sud rural ayant été touchées par des interventions industrielles dans les rivières avoisinantes. L'une d'entre elles a été contaminée par une usine de pâte à papier tandis que les autres doivent composer avec des projets de barrage hydroélectrique qui détourneront plusieurs rivières. Ces activités industrielles composent la toile de fond pour non seulement évaluer les identités politiques, émergentes mais aussi pour identifier ce que l’apprentissage de comportement politique révèle à propos de la citoyenneté au Chili à l’heure actuelle. / This thesis tells a story of the supposed loss of political and citizen culture in post-dictatorship Chile. Focusing on the learning of civic behaviour among the country’s youngest political generation, now in its twenties, I question the taken-for-granted nature of this sense of loss. Given that members of this generation were either children or not yet born at the time of the 1990 democratic transition, they have largely learned from others about recent state repression and democratic reconciliation. This is amplified in sectors of the rural South, where much of what younger generations know about the conflicted past, including colonialism, revolutionary socialism, and fascism, has not been communicated through deliberate or verbal instruction, but transmitted indirectly as cultural tastes and habits that nevertheless influence political decisions. Through analysis of inter-generational transmissions of perspectives on the contested past, this thesis explores micro-level processes by which certain kinds of political behaviour are learned within families and small community networks. These are often in tension with lessons transmitted in public domains, such as in schools and among civic associations. Such tensions raise important questions about uneven membership in the national community, especially in a neoliberal era in which the restructuring of social services and of control over natural resources have transformed relationships between the rural poor and dominant society emanating from urban centres. Among Chile’s youngest political generation, in what ways do situated understandings of the contested past and its impacts on the current distribution of power in the country, shape budding political identities? I broach this question through ethnographic analysis of the means by which youth acquire and express knowledge about history and its lingering influence on civic life today. Observations draw on over two years of anthropological fieldwork in three localities of the southern countryside impacted by industrial interventions in nearby rivers. These include the contamination of one from a pulp mill, and the proposed hydroelectric damming and diversion of several others. Industrial activities offer backdrops for assessing emergent political identities, as well as for identifying what the learning of political behaviour communicates about citizenship in Chile today. / Esta tesis narra la historia de la supuesta pérdida de la cultura política y ciudadana en Chile después de la dictadura militar. Enfocándome en el aprendizaje de la conducta cívica en la generación política más joven, ahora veinte añeros, cuestiono la naturaleza de esta sensación de pérdida que se ha tomado por sentada. Dado que los miembros de esta generación eran niños y niñas o aún no habían nacido en la época de transición democrática en los 1990s, en su mayoría han sabido a través de otros acerca de la reciente represión estatal y la reconciliación democrática. Esto es amplificado en los sectores rurales del Sur, donde mucho de lo que las generaciones jóvenes saben acerca del controversial pasado, incluyendo el colonialismo, el socialismo revolucionario, y el fascismo, no ha sido comunicado a través de instrucciones deliberadas o verbales, sino que ha sido transmitido indirectamente como gustos, preferencias, y hábitos culturales que aún así tienen influencia en las decisiones políticas. A través del análisis intergeneracional de transmisión de perspectivas sobre el controvertido pasado, esta tesis explora los procesos a nivel micro por los cuales ciertos tipos de comportamientos políticos son aprendidos dentro de las familias y pequeñas redes comunitarias. Éstas muchas veces están en tensión con las lecciones transmitidas en ámbitos públicos, tales como las escuelas y entre las asociaciones civiles. Tales tensiones hacen surgir cuestionamientos importantes acerca de la integración desigual en la comunidad nacional, especialmente en una era neoliberal en la cual la re-estructuración de los servicios sociales y de control sobre los recursos naturales ha transformado las relaciones entre los pobres rurales y la sociedad dominante que emana de los centros urbanos. ¿De qué maneras los aprendizajes situados acerca del controvertido pasado y sus impactos en la actual distribución del poder en el país forman identidades políticas en la generación política más joven de Chile? Abordo esta pregunta a través del análisis etnográfico de los medios por los cuales la juventud adquiere y expresa el conocimiento de la historia y su persistente influencia en la vida cívica de hoy. Las observaciones se dieron durante dos años de trabajo antropológico de campo en tres localidades del área sureña rural impactada por intervenciones industriales en los ríos aledaños. Éstas incluyen la contaminación por parte de una planta procesadora de celulosa, y la propuesta para construir una represa hidroeléctrica, primer paso para la multiplicación de muchas otras contempladas en el mismo lugar. Las actividades industriales ofrecen el escenario contextual para el estudio de las identidades políticas emergentes, como también para identificar qué es lo que comunica el aprendizaje del comportamiento político acerca de la ciudadanía en Chile actual.
9

The dismembered family : youth, memory, and modernity in rural southern Chile

Henderson, Rita Isabel 01 1900 (has links)
Cette thèse traite de la supposée perte de culture politique et citoyenne que connaît le Chili de la période post-dictature. Bien qu’une telle perte soit généralement considérée comme une évidence, nous évaluons dans quelle mesure celle-ci est bien réelle en nous intéressant aux processus d’apprentissage du comportement civique de la plus jeune génération politique du pays qui a aujourd’hui atteint la vingtaine. Étant donné que les membres de cette génération étaient soit au stade de l’enfance, soit pas même nés au moment de la transition démocratique de 1990, ils ont habituellement pris connaissance des événements de répression étatique et de réconciliation démocratique par l’intermédiaire de leurs aînés. Ce phénomène est encore plus marqué dans les régions rurales du sud du pays où la majeure partie de ce que les jeunes générations savent du passé conflictuel de leur pays, incluant le colonialisme, le socialisme révolutionnaire et le fascisme, n’a pas été transmis par la communication verbale ou volontaire, mais indirectement via les habitudes et préférences culturelles qui ne manquent pas d’influencer les décisions politiques. À travers l’analyse des mécanismes de transmission inter-générationnelle de diverses perspectives d’un passé contesté, notre travail explore les processus par lesquels, à l’échelle micro, certains types de comportement politique sont diffusés au sein des familles et de petits réseaux communautaires. Ces derniers se situent souvent en tension avec les connaissances transmises dans les domaines publics, comme les écoles et certaines associations civiques. De telles tensions soulèvent d’importantes questions au sujet des inégalités de statut des membres de la communauté nationale, en particulier à une époque néolibérale où la réorganisation du fonctionnement des services sociaux et du contrôle des ressources naturelles a transformé les relations entre le monde rural pauvre et la société dominante provenant des centres urbains. Au sein de la jeune génération politique du Chili, dans quelle mesure ces perspectives situées concernant un passé pour le moins contesté, ainsi que leurs impacts sur la distribution actuelle du pouvoir dans le pays façonnent-ils des identités politiques en émergence ? Nous abordons cette question à l’aide d’une analyse ethnographique des moyens auxquels les jeunes recourent pour acquérir et exprimer des connaissances au sujet de l’histoire et de son influence latente dans la vie civique actuelle. Nos données proviennent de plus de deux années de terrain anthropologique réalisées dans trois localités du sud rural ayant été touchées par des interventions industrielles dans les rivières avoisinantes. L'une d'entre elles a été contaminée par une usine de pâte à papier tandis que les autres doivent composer avec des projets de barrage hydroélectrique qui détourneront plusieurs rivières. Ces activités industrielles composent la toile de fond pour non seulement évaluer les identités politiques, émergentes mais aussi pour identifier ce que l’apprentissage de comportement politique révèle à propos de la citoyenneté au Chili à l’heure actuelle. / This thesis tells a story of the supposed loss of political and citizen culture in post-dictatorship Chile. Focusing on the learning of civic behaviour among the country’s youngest political generation, now in its twenties, I question the taken-for-granted nature of this sense of loss. Given that members of this generation were either children or not yet born at the time of the 1990 democratic transition, they have largely learned from others about recent state repression and democratic reconciliation. This is amplified in sectors of the rural South, where much of what younger generations know about the conflicted past, including colonialism, revolutionary socialism, and fascism, has not been communicated through deliberate or verbal instruction, but transmitted indirectly as cultural tastes and habits that nevertheless influence political decisions. Through analysis of inter-generational transmissions of perspectives on the contested past, this thesis explores micro-level processes by which certain kinds of political behaviour are learned within families and small community networks. These are often in tension with lessons transmitted in public domains, such as in schools and among civic associations. Such tensions raise important questions about uneven membership in the national community, especially in a neoliberal era in which the restructuring of social services and of control over natural resources have transformed relationships between the rural poor and dominant society emanating from urban centres. Among Chile’s youngest political generation, in what ways do situated understandings of the contested past and its impacts on the current distribution of power in the country, shape budding political identities? I broach this question through ethnographic analysis of the means by which youth acquire and express knowledge about history and its lingering influence on civic life today. Observations draw on over two years of anthropological fieldwork in three localities of the southern countryside impacted by industrial interventions in nearby rivers. These include the contamination of one from a pulp mill, and the proposed hydroelectric damming and diversion of several others. Industrial activities offer backdrops for assessing emergent political identities, as well as for identifying what the learning of political behaviour communicates about citizenship in Chile today. / Esta tesis narra la historia de la supuesta pérdida de la cultura política y ciudadana en Chile después de la dictadura militar. Enfocándome en el aprendizaje de la conducta cívica en la generación política más joven, ahora veinte añeros, cuestiono la naturaleza de esta sensación de pérdida que se ha tomado por sentada. Dado que los miembros de esta generación eran niños y niñas o aún no habían nacido en la época de transición democrática en los 1990s, en su mayoría han sabido a través de otros acerca de la reciente represión estatal y la reconciliación democrática. Esto es amplificado en los sectores rurales del Sur, donde mucho de lo que las generaciones jóvenes saben acerca del controversial pasado, incluyendo el colonialismo, el socialismo revolucionario, y el fascismo, no ha sido comunicado a través de instrucciones deliberadas o verbales, sino que ha sido transmitido indirectamente como gustos, preferencias, y hábitos culturales que aún así tienen influencia en las decisiones políticas. A través del análisis intergeneracional de transmisión de perspectivas sobre el controvertido pasado, esta tesis explora los procesos a nivel micro por los cuales ciertos tipos de comportamientos políticos son aprendidos dentro de las familias y pequeñas redes comunitarias. Éstas muchas veces están en tensión con las lecciones transmitidas en ámbitos públicos, tales como las escuelas y entre las asociaciones civiles. Tales tensiones hacen surgir cuestionamientos importantes acerca de la integración desigual en la comunidad nacional, especialmente en una era neoliberal en la cual la re-estructuración de los servicios sociales y de control sobre los recursos naturales ha transformado las relaciones entre los pobres rurales y la sociedad dominante que emana de los centros urbanos. ¿De qué maneras los aprendizajes situados acerca del controvertido pasado y sus impactos en la actual distribución del poder en el país forman identidades políticas en la generación política más joven de Chile? Abordo esta pregunta a través del análisis etnográfico de los medios por los cuales la juventud adquiere y expresa el conocimiento de la historia y su persistente influencia en la vida cívica de hoy. Las observaciones se dieron durante dos años de trabajo antropológico de campo en tres localidades del área sureña rural impactada por intervenciones industriales en los ríos aledaños. Éstas incluyen la contaminación por parte de una planta procesadora de celulosa, y la propuesta para construir una represa hidroeléctrica, primer paso para la multiplicación de muchas otras contempladas en el mismo lugar. Las actividades industriales ofrecen el escenario contextual para el estudio de las identidades políticas emergentes, como también para identificar qué es lo que comunica el aprendizaje del comportamiento político acerca de la ciudadanía en Chile actual.
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[en] AFTER ALL: PATHS IN LATIN AMERICAN CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE / [pt] DEPOIS DE TUDO: TRAJETÓRIAS NA LITERATURA LATINO-AMERICANA CONTEMPORÂNEA

PALOMA VIDAL 22 December 2006 (has links)
[pt] A tese acompanha as trajetórias de Diamela Eltit, João Gilberto Noll e Rodolfo Enrique Fogwill, realizando através do trabalho desses três escritores uma cartografia das questões estéticas e políticas que atravessam as últimas décadas. Seus projetos narrativos, tão diferentes entre si quanto pertinentes para nosso tempo, foram marcados por uma perda de sentido referente às crises da utopia revolucionária e vanguardista, que se torna visível na transição da ditadura à pós-ditadura. A partir dessa perda, surgirão algumas alternativas para uma literatura por vir: uma escrita performática, que coloca em jogo o corpo do próprio escritor para dar sentido aos trânsitos contemporâneos, no caso de Noll; uma escrita agonística, que faz da provocação cínica uma arma contra a apatia contemporânea, no de Fogwill; uma escrita resistente, que deixa ver os efeitos perversos do consenso neoliberal, no de Eltit. / [en] This thesis follows the paths of Diamela Eltit, João Gilberto Noll and Rodolfo Enrique Fogwill, charting, through their works, the territory of aesthetical and political questions of the last decades. The narrative projects of these writers, as distinct from each other as they are pertinent to our time, were marked by a loss of meaning that relates to the crisis of revolutionary and avant-garde utopias, which becomes visible in the transition from dictatorship to post- dictatorship. Taking this loss as a starting point, some alternatives for a literature to come will appear: a performatic writing, that puts in place the body of the writer himself to give sense to contemporary transits, in Noll´s case; an agonistic writing, that uses cynical provocation as a weapon against contemporary apathy, in Fogwill´s; a resistant writing, that allows us to see the perverse effects of the neoliberal consensus, in Eltit´s.

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