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Neuromodelace-význam pooperační epidurální fibrózy / Neuromodulation-the importance ofpostoperativeepiduralfibrosisMasopust, Václav January 2014 (has links)
Background Epidural fibrosis (EF) is defined as nonphysiological scar formation, usually at the site of neurosurgical access into the spinal canal, in intimate vicinity to and around the origin of the radicular sheath. From the very onset, EF behaves as a reparative inflammation causing, as a rule, symptoms of characteristic nature and clinical course (pain). Treatment of epidural fibrosis causing failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) by neuromadulation technique is very expensive. Finding of suitable parameters for the indication of treatment is therefore very important. Aims The study is based on evidence of the importance of epidural fibrosis for the development of chronic pain. Research is also focused on the comparison of the range fibrosis and the effect of stimulation (spinal cord stimulation - SCS). The goal is to find a suitable selection factor for the indication of neuromodulation. Methods I. A double-blind prospective study was conducted to investigate a cohort of 200 patients requiring surgical treatment for intervertebral disc hernia (hernia disci intervertebralis). The patients were randomly and blindly divided into 2 groups, one on peroperatively applied local doses of a mixture containing corticosteroids, the other without such medication. All the requirements of a double-blind...
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Vårdmiljöns betydelse för att lindra nyopererade patienters postoperativa smärta - en litteraturöversikt / The role of the health care environment in relieving newly operated patients postoperative pain - a literature reviewAdani Buubshe, Fartun, Gray, Maria January 2021 (has links)
Bakgrund: Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910) förespråkade vikten av vårdmiljön kring patienten för ett optimalt återhämtande. Den moderna vårdmiljön består av fysisk och psykosocial del där båda dessa delar är avgörande för patientens välmående. Postoperativ smärta som följer ett operativt ingrepp upplevs individuellt. Det är sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde i postoperativ omvårdnad att sörja för en god smärtlindring; omvårdnadsmässigt, genom manipulation av vårdmiljön och farmakologisk smärthantering.Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva vårdmiljöns betydelse för att lindra nyopererade patienters postoperativa smärtaMetod: En litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ ansats. Studiens resultat baseras på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar som är kvalitetsgranskade. De vetenskapliga artiklarna söktes på CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science samt via manuell sökning.Resultat: I litteraturöversikten identifierades kategorierna fysisk vårdmiljö med underkategorierna patientrummet och kontakt med extern miljö. I kategorin psykosocial vårdmiljö framträdde underkategorierna; känsla av kontroll, relationer och musik som distraktion som smärtlindrande alternativ.Slutsats: Den fysiska och psykosociala vårdmiljön har en distraherande effekt och/eller har en lindrande effekt på postoperativ smärta. / Background: Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910) was a major advocate for the importance of environment for optimal patient recovery. The modern healthcare environment typically consists of two components, one physical and one psychosocial, where both parts are considered crucial for the patient’s return to health. This is particularly important to bear in mind in the postoperative context and with the experience of postoperative pain, which varies from patient to patient. Nurses are responsible for providing postoperative pain relief, chiefly by nursing, utilizing the health care environment and administering pharmacological painkillers.Aim: The purpose of the study is to describe the importance of the health care environment in relieving newly operated patients postoperative pain.Method: A literature review with qualitative design. The results of the study are based on 15 scientific articles that have been quality reviewed. The scientific articles were searched on CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science and via manual search.Results: The literature review identified physical care environment with subcategories; patient room and contact with the external environment. In the category psychosocial care environment subcategories; sense of control, relationships and music as distraction as pain-relieving alternatives.Conclusion: The physical and psychosocial health care environment act as a distractive element on the patient and/or have a relieving effect on the postoperative pain.
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Kvinnors upplevelser kring komplikationer efter planerat kejsarsnitt : En litteraturstudie / Women´s experiences of complications after elective caesarean section : A literature studyLassen Rampe, Amanda, Hallgren, Caroline January 2021 (has links)
Bakgrund: Kejsarsnitt är ett ingrepp som blir allt vanligare världen över vilket resulterar till att fler kvinnor drabbas av komplikationer. I takt med att kejsarsnitt blivit säkrare har vårdtiden för kvinnorna blivit kortare, vilket gör att det uppstår en osäkerhet och rädsla kring komplikationer efter utskrivning för dessa kvinnor. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa kvinnors upplevelse kring komplikationer vid panerat kejsarsnitt efter utskrivning. Metod: Studien är en litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats där sju kvalitativa resultatartiklar ligger till grund för resultatet. Resultat: Utefter syftet identifierades fyra teman: att leva med långvarig smärta orsakad av genomgånget planerat kejsarsnitt, upplevelse av information, upplevelse av postnatal infektion samt skam och ångest kring planerat kejsarsnitt. Kvinnor upplever sin egen kunskap otillräcklig för att identifiera komplikationer samt vart kvinnan skall vända sig när komplikationer uppstår. Informationen som kvinnan får postoperativt kring infektion och smärtans utveckling vid planerat kejsarsnitt efter utskrivning, ansåg kvinnan bristfällig med avsaknad av personcentrerat förhållningssätt. Kvinnor upplever även en stigmatisering kring planerat kejsarsnitt från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal samt samhället. Konklusion: Hälso- och sjukvården behöver få en större förståelse för kvinnans upplevelse kring komplikationer vid planerat kejsarsnitt efter utskrivning samt förbättra vården med ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt i form av stöd och information. / Background: Cesarean section is a procedure that is becoming more common around the world, which means that more women are suffering from complications. As the operation has become safer, the care time for the women has become shorter, which indicates that there is an uncertainty about complications after discharge. Aim: The aim was to illustrate women's experience of complications during elective cesarean section after discharge. Method: The study is a literature study with an inductive approach where seven qualitative articles formed the result. Result: According to the purpose, four themes were identified: living with long-term pain caused by elective cesarean section, experience of information, experience of postnatal infection and shame and anxiety around a planned cesarean section. Women experience insufficient knowledge to identify complications and where the woman should turn once it occurs. Postoperative information is not designed to be easily absorbed, as well as a stigma surrounding the woman's elective cesarean section in meetings with health and medical profession and society. Conclusion: The health care needs to gain a greater understanding of the woman's experience of complications after elective caesarean section at discharge and improve care with a person-centered approach in the form of support and information.
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Analyse der intra- und postoperativen Schmerztherapie bei Kindern mit leichten bis mittelstarken postoperativen Schmerzen an der Universität Leipzig im Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2007Sontowski, Thomas 24 May 2011 (has links)
Bibliographische Beschreibung:
Sontowski, Thomas
Analyse der intra- und postoperativen Schmerztherapie bei Kindern mit leichten bis mittelstarken postoperativen Schmerzen an der Universität Leipzig im Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2007
Universität Leipzig, Dissertation
106 Seiten, 120 Literaturangaben, 10 Abb., 41 Tab., 9 Anlagen
Kurzreferat:
In der vorliegenden Arbeit erfolgte die Analyse der intra- und postoperativen Schmerztherapie sowie die nachfolgende Schmerzsituation im Aufwachraum des Fachbereichs Kinderanästhesiologie der Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie an der Universität Leipzig bei Operationen mit leichten bis mittelstarken postoperativ zu
erwartenden Schmerzen.
Ziel war es, einen Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung des internen Qualitätsmanagements in der Kinderschmerztherapie zu erarbeiten, da externe Studien zeigten, dass dies oftmals erhebliche Mängel aufweist, und nicht die Standard- und Qualitätskriterien erfüllt, wie sie bei Erwachsenen vorhanden sind.
Insgesamt wurden 420 kinderchirurgische Patienten im Zeitraum von Juni 2005 bis Juli 2007 ausgewertet, wobei sich die Untersuchung in einen prospektiven und in einen retrospektiven Teil untergliederte.
Es zeigte sich, dass intraoperativ ein Großteil der Kinder (89,3%) ein Opioid erhielt (am häufigsten Alfentanil) und ebenso ein hoher Anteil der Kinder intraoperativ ein Nichtopioid erhielt (am häufigsten Metamizol (94%)). Techniken der Regionalanästhesie fanden innerhalb des Untersuchungszeitraumes selten Anwendung (2,9%).
Die intraoperative Standardschmerztherapie, welche die Kombination eines Opioids mit einem Nichtopioid im Sinne einer multimodalen Analgesie vorsah, wurde in 66,4% der Fälle durchgeführt.
Postoperativ erhielt ein Großteil der kinderchirurgischen Patienten (75,0%) eine medikamentöse Schmerztherapie. 71,0% der Kinder bekamen nach der Operation ein Opioid verabreicht. Der klinikeigene postoperative Schmerztherapiestandard, der eine zeitnahe gewichtsadaptierte intravenöse Gabe von Piritramid im Sinne einer präventiven Analgesie vorsah, wurde bei 66,9% der behandelten Kinder angewandt.
Weiterhin wurden verschiedene Gruppenvergleiche vorgenommen (ambulant vs. stationär, leichte vs. mittelstark zu erwartende postoperative Schmerzen und pro- vs. retrospektiv).
So bekamen stationär aufgenommene Kinder im Vergleich zu ambulanten Patienten intraoperativ signifikant häufiger Opioide und größere Mengen an Alfentanil appliziert. Im Aufwachraum erhielten die stationären Patienten signifikant häufiger eine Schmerztherapie, die Standardschmerztherapie sowie höhere Dosen an Piritramid.
Bei Operationen mit mittelstarken zu erwartenden Schmerzen im Vergleich zu Eingriffen mit leichter Schmerzintensität erfolgte intraoperativ signifikant häufiger die Verabreichung von Opioiden und postoperativ eine signifikant häufigere Applikation der Standardschmerztherapie sowie höhere Dosen von Piritramid.
Die prospektive Gruppe erhielt während der Operation signifikant häufiger die Standardschmerztherapie im Vergleich zur retrospektiven Patientengruppe. Analog erfolgte postoperativ signifikant häufiger die Applikation der Standardschmerztherapie sowie höhere Dosen an Piritramid.
Erstmalig wurde im prospektiven Teil dieser Studie die Schmerzsituation im Aufwachraum mittels eines speziell entwickelten Schmerzerfassungsbogen untersucht. Die Schmerzerfassung erfolgte hierbei mithilfe der Kindlichen Unbehagen- und Schmerzskala (KUSS) nach Büttner, der Smiley-Analog-Skala sowie der Schulnotenskala, wobei die Beurteilung präoperativ, direkt bei Ankunft im Aufwachraum sowie nach ein und zwei Stunden postoperativ stattfand.
Ein zentrales Untersuchungsergebnis dieser Studie zeigt, dass für durchschnittlich 84,8% der Kinder die Schmerzsituation während des Aufenthaltes im Aufwachraum ausreichend gut war.
Ein Vergleich zwischen Patienten mit ausreichender und noch verbesserungswürdiger Schmerztherapie - vorgenommen innerhalb der prospektiven Studiengruppe - zeigte, dass die intraoperative Verabreichung von Opioid- und Nichtopioidanalgetika den Zufriedenheitsgrad in der Schmerzsituation tendentiell optimierte bzw. bei der Durchführung der intraoperativen Standardschmerztherapie das Schmerzoutcome signifikant verbesserte.
Weiterhin war die Schmerzsituation bei Patienten im Aufwachraum, denen Piritramid nach postoperativem Schmerztherapiestandard verabreicht wurde, signifikant besser.
Anhand dieser Arbeit wird die Bedeutung der Anwendung einer multimodalen Analgesie und präventiven Schmerztherapie sowie der hohe Stellenwert der Einführung bzw. Realisierung von Therapie- und Überwachungsstandards, Schmerzerfassung und
-dokumentation für eine qualitativ ausreichende, gute intra- und postoperative Schmerztherapie bei Kindern deutlich.
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Combined Sciatic and Lumbar Plexus Nerve Blocks for the Analgesic Management of Hip Arthroscopy Procedures: A Retrospective ReviewJaffe, J. Douglas, Morgan, Theodore Ross, Russell, Gregory B. 03 April 2017 (has links)
Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive alternative to open hip surgery. Despite its minimally invasive nature, there can still be significant reported pain following these procedures. The impact of combined sciatic and lumbar plexus nerve blocks on postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy was investigated. A retrospective analysis of 176 patients revealed that compared with patients with no preoperative peripheral nerve block, significant reductions in pain scores to 24 hours were reported and decreased opioid consumption during the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay was recorded; no significant differences in opioid consumption out to 24 hours were discovered. A subgroup analysis comparing two approaches to the sciatic nerve block in patients receiving the additional lumbar plexus nerve block failed to reveal a significant difference for this patient population. We conclude that peripheral nerve blockade can be a useful analgesic modality for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy.
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Patienters upplevelser av postoperativ vård och smärthantering : En litteraturbaserad studie / Patients´ experiences of postoperative care and pain managementKarjalainen, Jonas, Larsson, Josefin January 2022 (has links)
Background: Postoperative pain is a global issue. Although knowledge of the issue is well known and measures have been taken to reform the care, a large proportion of surgical patients experience severe postoperative pain. Without adequate pain relief, recovery might be postoperatively inhibited or prolonged. Aim: To explore patients' experiences of being cared for because of postoperative pain. Method: To answer the aim of the study, a qualitative literature study has been chosen as a method. The analysis of the articles was carried out according to Friberg´s five-step model. In total, three systematic searches were conducted in order to find articles that responded to the study's aim. Finally, ten articles representing the study´s result were selected. Results: Information before surgery was considered an important component for patients to feel safe, well prepared and able to manage the postoperative pain. When patients were provided with adequate information, their ability to influence decisions regarding the design of care increased. The result also showed that some patients felt overlooked, resulting in feelings of vulnerability. The pain experience was reduced and in order to avoid conflicts patients chose to endure the pain in silence. Conclusion: The experience of care is reflected in how the patient was treated and the nurse's ability to see the patient as a whole person. Our conclusion is that the postoperative care has failed and that there is need for nurses in the field to receive further education regarding the matter.
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An integrative and translational assessment of altered atrial electrophysiology, calcium handling and contractility in patients with atrial fibrillationFakuade, Funsho Emmanuel 22 October 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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Barns hantering av postoperativ smärtaCarlberg, Salmah, Johansson, Elin January 2012 (has links)
Bakgrund: Underbehandlad smärta hos barn har länge varit ett problem inom pediatriken och inte minst postoperativ smärta. Trots att kunskapen om barn och smärta har ökat lider fortfarande onödigt många barn av postoperativ smärta. Barn upplever smärta som något obehagligt och det är ofta förknippat med rädsla. Hur barn hanterar smärta påverkar deras emotionella tillstånd och välbefinnande flera dagar efter en operation. Syfte: Att belysa barns sätt att hantera postoperativ smärta. Metod: En allmänt beskrivande litteraturstudie baserad på tio kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Sju olika fenomen med tillhörande teman identifierades. Fenomenen var: Distansering, Socialt stöd, Flykt/undvikande, Självkontroll, Konfrontation, Positiv omvärdering och Planerad problemlösning. Slutsats: Barn har förmågan att utveckla och använda sig av en mängd olika strategier i hanteringen av sin postoperativa smärta. De vanligaste strategierna var; distraktion, anpassning, stillhet, hjälpsökande, närhet och förtäring. / Background: Under-treated pain in children has been a problem in pediatrics for a long time, and not the least postoperative pain. Despite that the knowledge about children and pain has increased an unnecessarily amount of children still suffer of postoperative pain. Children experience pain as something unpleasant and it is often related to fear. How children manage pain affects their emotional state and well-being for several days after surgery. Aim: To highlight the child's way of managing postoperative pain. Method: A general descriptive literature study based on ten qualitative articles. Results: Seven different phenomena with related themes were identified. The phenomena were; Distancing, Social support, Escape-avoidance, Self-control, Confrontation, Positive reappraisal and Planful problem-solving. Conclusion: Children have the ability to develop and use a variety of strategies in the management of their postoperative pain. The most common strategies were; Distraction, Adaptation, Stillness, Seeking help, Closeness and Consumption.
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Management of Postoperative Pain in the Total Joint Replacement PatientWashington, Angela 01 January 2018 (has links)
Managing postoperative pain continues to be a challenging public health problem. The organization under study was experiencing a prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS) in the post-total knee and hip replacement surgery population that was causing system-wide patient flow issues. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to educate patients through an established education class on pain expectations, strategies on managing pain, discharge planning, and physical therapy expectations with a goal of reducing pain and LOS. The health belief model was used as a guide to incorporate new content into the educational program that addressed patient knowledge on pain, concerns, fears, and misconceptions related to surgery. New content was added to the class on strategies to improve postoperative pain to help the organizational need to meet 2- to 3-day LOS. The project compared differences in pain levels and LOS in participants who completed the preoperative education and those who did not. The project methodology was a retrospective nonexperimental pretest and posttest design, and a quantitative analysis was used to compare pain levels measured by visual analog scale in documented charts during hospital stay. LOS was measured from data collected from chart review. The findings revealed lower pain levels during the hospital stay of those who completed the educational program. The patients who did not attend the class had an average mean LOS of 5 days as compared to 3 days LOS for those who attended the preoperative class. The project impacts social change on an organizational level by demonstrating that patients undergoing joint replacement surgery benefit from the revised educational plan, which results in early mobility, better pain control, and decreased LOS.
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Surgical Pathway Implementation for Pediatric Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions Undergoing Complex Hip SurgeryPelligra, Amanda 26 April 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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