This thesis deals with the combined ultra-high vacuum (UHV) and electrochemical (EC) studies of selected iron oxide surfaces, namely Fe3O4(001) and -Fe2O3(012). The state-of- the-art knowledge regarding these surfaces is briefly reviewed, and importance of understanding these materials in the electrochemical environment is discussed. The design of the transfer system between UHV and EC environment is presented; individual features of the system are thoroughly discussed and the system is used for testing the stability of the Fe3O4(001) (2×2)R45° surface reconstruction in ambient conditions. The experimental results presented in this thesis show that the Fe3O4(001) (2×2)R45° reconstruction, utilized as an adatom array for single atom catalysis studies, survives both exposure to air and to liquid water, if the exposure is achieved in well-controlled fashion. Further, this thesis presents the first-ever atomic scale scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study of the -Fe2O3(012) surface, which is important for photoelectrochemical water splitting. STM images of two surface reconstructions of the -Fe2O3(012) surface known to date are presented. A bulk terminated model of the (1×1) reconstruction is confirmed and a novel surface structure model for the (2×1) reconstructed surface is proposed. Adsorption studies of H2O and O2 on the (2×1) reconstructed surface are documented by timelapse STM.

This theses deals with a structural design comparison of heat insulations implementation in flat roofs in light of heat engineering. It also adverts to possible structural design in terms of heat insulations distribution in a flat roof. There are many materials options. I show the possibilities of material solution and also advantages and disadvantages of the single sealing materials at these layers. In the aplication part of this thesis I deal with possible concepts of insulation and solution for a specific roof of an older apartment house in Brno, where I conducted a constructive exploration. There was developed and evaluated a few options of solutions considering the heat insulator used. The following computational programs were used for the evaluations: TEPLO, AREA, CUBE 3D.

As all materials used for exterior construction, cement-bonded particleboards also subject to climatic effects, such as frost, chemicals (eg. sulphates) or UV rays. Degradation of theese effects is slightly increased by organic base. Increased susceptibility can be eliminated by a effective coating, which reduces direct contact with aggresive influences on the board and provides longer durability. Theoratical part of this thesis analyzes different types of negatice influences and their effect on durability. Practical part contains selection of specific types of coating and assessment of their mechanical and aesthetic properties including spectrophotometric analysis of color change for each degradation effect.

Title: The reflection kinesiology analyse of cross country skiing Purposes: To compare coordination of chosen muscles on leg during reflection of cross country skiing classic technique, skating and herringbone. Methods: Comparative analysis: the dates were measured by surface electromyography and 2-D video-analysis. Results: We founded statistical significance by comparisons muscle activation on right leg during kick during cross country skiing: classic technique, diagonal stride and herringbone and V-1 skating and herringbone. In case the left leg the statistical significance was disprove by: m. peroneus longus sin during comparison of diagonal stride and herringbone and m. gastrocnemius medialis sin V-1 skating and herringbone. We founded high level of laterality of diagonal stride and herringbone. In case V-1 skating, the significant similarity was not founded for m. vastus lateralis and m. gluteus medialis. Key words: Cross country skiing, classical technique, skating, herring bone, kinesiology, surface electromyography (EMG), muscles activation

Title: Upper body muscles activity in V2 skating technique, double poling and on a skiing machine Concept 2 Objectives: Comparison of involvement upper body muscles during V2 skating technique, double poling and on a skiing machine Concept 2. Methods: Comparative analysis: the dates were measured by surface electromyography and 2-D video-analysis. Results: We found statistically significant coordination similarity by comparisons muscle preactivation and activation during V2 skating technique and double poling. Trunk flexors musculus obliquus abdominis externus and musculus rectus abdominis showed unlike the main propulsion muscles, musculus pectoralis major, musculus triceps brachii and musculus latissimus dorsi, significantly higher preactivation during V2 skating technique and double poling in comparison to skiing machine Concept 2. Activation of the main propulsion muscles on a skiing machine Concept 2 is significantly higher than during V2 skating technique and double poling. Skiing machine Concept 2 cannot be considered as a specific training method for cross-country skiing. Long-term application may cause disruption of double poling technique. Key words: Cross country skiing, V2 skating technique, double poling, skiing machine Concept 2 (SkiErg), kinesiology, surface electromyography

Soil organic matter (SOM) is highly important for soil quality and the global carbon cycle. SOM content is influenced by a complex interplay of many different factors such as time, climate, parent material, vegetation, and others. The effect of time is often studied using the chronosequence approach using a set of study sites differing in age but comparable in other soil-forming factors. The effect of other factors can be studied by comparing two or more chronosequences. An important assumption of these approaches is that the SOM quantification methods produce comparable results both among sites of each sequence and among different sequences. In this thesis, I explored the key factors in SOM accumulation and dealt with SOM quantification methods. I studied SOM accumulation in two model situations - in post-mining sites after open-cast coal and oil shale mining and in landslides in the Western Carpathians. The results of this thesis are summarized in one book chapter accepted for publication and four papers, out of which three have been published and one is prepared for publication in an international journal with impact factor. The key factor affecting the rate of SOM accumulation after a major disturbance is time. The accumulation rates found in the first 40 to 100 years in both post-mining sites...

Influence of atmospheric and chemical environments on metal products leads usually to the corrosion damage. This master´s thesis deals with way to protect metals from corrosion, especially by polysiloxane coatings in combination with coatings containing zinc. Corrosion resistance of created coatings systems is tested by laboratory accelerated tests in corrosion chamber, where the natural atmospheric conditions are simulated. Chemical resistance in selected environments is verified by drop test. Quality characteristics coatings – thickness, adhesion to the underlying material, hardness and stability of the coating colour and gloss are evaluated too.

Title: The reflection kinesiology analyse of cross country skiing Purposes: To compare coordination of chosen muscles on leg during reflection of cross country skiing classic technique, skating and herringbone. Methods: Comparative analysis: the dates were measured by surface electromyography and 2-D video-analysis. Results: We founded statistical significance by comparisons muscle activation on right leg during kick during cross country skiing: classic technique, diagonal stride and herringbone and V-1 skating and herringbone. In case the left leg the statistical significance was disprove by: m. peroneus longus sin during comparison of diagonal stride and herringbone and m. gastrocnemius medialis sin V-1 skating and herringbone. We founded high level of laterality of diagonal stride and herringbone. In case V-1 skating, the significant similarity was not founded for m. vastus lateralis and m. gluteus medialis. Key words: Cross country skiing, classical technique, skating, herring bone, kinesiology, surface electromyography (EMG), muscles activation

Title: Upper body muscles activity in V2 skating technique, double poling and on a skiing machine Concept 2 Objectives: Comparison of involvement upper body muscles during V2 skating technique, double poling and on a skiing machine Concept 2. Methods: Comparative analysis: the dates were measured by surface electromyography and 2-D video-analysis. Results: We found statistically significant coordination similarity by comparisons muscle preactivation and activation during V2 skating technique and double poling. Trunk flexors musculus obliquus abdominis externus and musculus rectus abdominis showed unlike the main propulsion muscles, musculus pectoralis major, musculus triceps brachii and musculus latissimus dorsi, significantly higher preactivation during V2 skating technique and double poling in comparison to skiing machine Concept 2. Activation of the main propulsion muscles on a skiing machine Concept 2 is significantly higher than during V2 skating technique and double poling. Skiing machine Concept 2 cannot be considered as a specific training method for cross-country skiing. Long-term application may cause disruption of double poling technique. Key words: Cross country skiing, V2 skating technique, double poling, skiing machine Concept 2 (SkiErg), kinesiology, surface electromyography

Humic acids and humates are principal components of humic substances major organic constituents of soil, peat, coal and water around the world. I was involved in research into molecular dynamics simulations of interactions of quartz surfaces with aqueous solutions of ions and small organic molecules representing basic building blocks of larger biomolecules and functional groups of organic matter. We studied interactions of molecules with surfaces for a set of surface charge densities corresponding to the experimentally or environmentally relevant ranges of pH values employing molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics and ab initio techniques. Simulated quartz surfaces covered the range of surface charge densities 0.00, -0.03, -0.06 and -0.12 C-m-2, approximately corresponding to pH values 4.5, 7.5, 9.5 and 11. As model molecules, benzoic acid, phenol, o-salicylic acid and their conjugated bases were chosen. My task was to prepare topologies and parametric models of selected organic matter basic building blocks organic molecules. I focused on studying interactions of these molecules in an aqueous environment with mineral surface quartz. The aim was to process simulation results and analyse conformations of the adsorption complexes and their thermodynamic properties such as interaction energies, free energies and adsorption geometries.