Background: For an organization to grow, it is important that projects are completed timely with good quality. This requires that projects are managed successfully. Attributes of project managers, sub-project managers and team leaders help them to steer the projects in the right direction. By using these attributes, project managers and sub-project managers, lead the team and direct them towards final goal. The traditional working style was that team members are located at the same physical location which helps them to interact and have face to face meetings. COVID-19 pandemic has forced companies to change their working style to remote working. As a result of this, companies are now shifting towards new norm by giving flexibility to their employees of working from home even when the COVID-19 pandemic is over. The impact of new norm on the management of project team is investigated in this thesis. Trust as a characteristics of project manager is studied to see its impact on management of project teams in the setting of ‘new norm’. Despite being a vital component for project success, little is known about factors affecting trust within the technical industry in general and electrical power industry in particular.  Objectives: The main objective of the thesis is to explore how the new norm has impacted the management of project teams within electrical power industry. Further on, the study aims to determine the factors affecting trust within electrical power industry.   Methodology: Qualitative research method using semi-structured interviews is used to gather the empirical data for answering the research questions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with project managers, sub-project managers, and design leads working in one of the companies within electrical power industry. The data was further analyzed and categorized into different codes and themes. Results: Using qualitative data analysis, the findings demonstrate how new norm has impacted the management of project teams. The findings also show the challenges that project managers, sub-project managers, and team leads have faced because of the change in working style. The analysis also revealed that factors such as open communication, competence, reliable behavior etc. are vital for building trust within project team. Conclusions: Our study shows that in new way of working, there is a need to tailor the way project managers are managing their project teams. The project managers had to call for extra meetings both individually and collectively to keep track of the progress and maintain a working relationship with team members. The amount of effort required to manage the team has increased while working in the new norm. Team members are relying more on the IT system compared to the face-to-face discussion before COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from the challenges, one advantage with the online meetings is that the number of travels has reduced which has saved a lot of time and money.  Trust is identified as a key component for the project success within electrical power industry. Competence, open communication, reliable behaviour, sincerity, project milestone, and integrity were identified as key factors which affect trust. Of all these factors, open communication was rated as the most important component for building trust among team members.

It is believed that the critical next step from examinations of operations and the environment is the study of sustainability and supply chains (Linton, Klassen, and Jayaraman (2007)). Environmental quality and preservation as well as meeting the stress of emission reductions is rapidly becoming an important issue for public policy (Wilkinson, Hill, and Gollan (2001)). However, Lambertini and Mantovani (2007) note the disregard, unrelated to regulatory requirements, of research practitioners to the potential benefits of appropriate competition policy measures and consumer pressures (Srivastara (2007)). In addition, a firm’s success, notably, in terms of financial and/or environmental practices, has been tied, in part, to the strength of its ability to coordinate and integrate activities along the entire supply chain (Spekman, Kamauff Jr., and Myhr (1998)), and to effectively implement multicriteria decisionmaking tools to aid in their strategic decisions. I present five essays in this dissertation. For each model I utilize the theory of variational inequalities, derive the formulation, present qualitative properties, and provide numerical examples. The first essay develops the multitiered sustainable supply chain network model with multicriteria decision-making. In the second essay I construct a modeling and computational framework that allows for the determination of optimal carbon taxes applied to electric power plants in the context of electric power supply chain (generation/distribution/consumption) networks. The third essay considers electric power supply chain networks and develops a model of tradable pollution permits in the case of multiple pollutants and spatially distinct receptor points. In the fourth essay, I quantify and assess, from a system-optimized sustainable supply chain network perspective, the environmental effects resulting when a horizontal supply chain integration occurs. In the fifth and final essay, I extend the work of Nagurney (2009) to the multiproduct supply chain network domain to quantify the impacts. This dissertation is heavily based on the following papers: Nagurney, Liu, and Woolley (2006), Nagurney, Liu, and Woolley (2007), Woolley, Nagurney, and Stranlund (2009), Nagurney and Woolley (2009) and Nagurney, Woolley, and Qiang (2009).

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-07T13:35:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Edson Pedro Zambon_.pdf: 738746 bytes, checksum: 20ab8d48f31f98037ca55b7c6d6dfa55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-07T13:35:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edson Pedro Zambon_.pdf: 738746 bytes, checksum: 20ab8d48f31f98037ca55b7c6d6dfa55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / Nenhuma / O setor elétrico vem passando por importantes transformações em busca da redução das tarifas demandando práticas que tornem as empresas eficientes. Nesse cenário, tem-se a governança corporativa como um conjunto de mecanismos capaz de contribuir com a eficiência econômica das organizações. No entanto, os estudos acerca da relação entre governança e eficiência ainda não são conclusivos, em especial, no setor elétrico que possui características peculiares por se tratar de um setor regulado. Diante disso, o principal objetivo é identificar se há relação entre eficiência econômica e governança corporativa no setor elétrico. Para tanto, calcula-se a eficiência econômica através da técnica DEA. O nível de governança corporativa foi calculado através de 17 questões binárias listadas pela literatura especializada. Os dados foram coletados, no segundo semestre de 2013, por meio de levantamento (survey), no formulário de referência e das demonstrações financeiras padronizadas e disponibilizadas pela CVM. Como resultado da eficiência, constata-se que o escore médio de eficiência reduziu de 2010 para 2013. Em relação ao nível de governança, nota-se uma pequena evolução na estrutura interna, no entanto, o índice pode ser considerado relativamente baixo. Quanto à relação da eficiência econômica com o índice de governança, não se encontraram relações significativas. Verificou-se que alguns mecanismos como dualidade nos cargos, independência do conselho, prazo de, no máximo, dois anos tendem a relacionar-se, negativamente, com os escores. / The electricity sector has undergone important changes in order to minimize the rates demanding practices that make efficient companies. This scenario we have the corporate governance as a set of mechanisms able to contribute to the performance. However, studies on the relationship between governance and efficiency are not yet conclusive, especially in the electricity sector which has peculiar characteristics as it is a regulated industry. Thus, the main objective is to assess the relationship between economic efficiency and corporate governance in the electricity sector. Therefore, we calculate the economic efficiency by DEA. The level of corporate governance has been assessed using 17 binary questions listed in the specialized literature. Data were collected in the second half of 2013, through survey, the reference form and standardized financial statements and made available by the CVM. As a result of efficiency, it appears that the average efficiency score decreased from 2010 to 2013. In relation to the level of governance, there is a small evolution in the internal structure, however, the index can be considered relatively low. As for the relationship of economic efficiency with the governance index, not met significant relationships. It is found that such mechanisms as duality in office, board independence, within a maximum of two years tend to relate negatively with scores.

<p><strong>Bakgrund:</strong> Runt omkring oss i samhället finns det organisationer av olika slag. De organisationer som påverkar oss mest i vårt dagliga liv är dock troligen de kommersiella. För sådana organisationer utgör ägarna en stark intressentgrupp då de tillför kapital till verksamheten och för detta kräver ersättning i form av avkastning. För många kommersiella organisationer finns det dock fler intressenter med andra krav på organisationen och dess verksamhet, till exempel måste industrier investera i reningsanläggningar för att inte släppa ut skadlig rök till omgivningen. För de flesta organisationer finns det följaktligen minst två olika måldimensioner. Å ena sidan har vi ägare och investerare som vill ha avkastning på sitt kapital. Å andra sidan finns det intressenter som kräver saker som hög kvalitet, hög säkerhet och tillförlitlighet. Dessa olika krav kan skapa en målkonflikt för verksamheten.</p><p><strong>Syfte: </strong>Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera och analysera hur målkonflikten mellan intressenters säkerhets- och lönsamhetskrav hanteras i verksamhetsstyrningen.</p><p><strong>Genomförande:</strong> Med hjälp av intervjuer har vi genomfört fallstudier vid organisationer inom äldreomsorg och kärnkraftsindustri.</p><p><strong>Resultat: </strong>Vår studie visar på en rad faktorer som bör tas i beaktning vid organisationer med målkonfliktsproblematiken. Ledningen måste vara tydlig i sin målprioritering och kommunikation, ha en tydlig hantering av sina intressenter och deras krav samt att det bör finnas tillfredställande system för felidentifiering och rapporteringsmöjligheter för de anställda.</p> / <p><strong>Background: </strong>In the society we live in, there are different kinds of organizations. The organizations that affect us the most however are probably the commercial ones. For these organizations, the owners form a strong a group of stakeholders since they invest capital and therefore require return on their investments. Nevertheless, some organizations also face demands of safety and quality from other stakeholders. With this in mind it becomes clear that organizations sometimes have to handle at least two dimensions of goals, owners that demand yield and the general public that demands a satisfying amount of safety. These different kinds of goals and demands can create a goal conflict situation within the organizations.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze how the conflict between safety and economic goals is handled in the operating control.'</p><p><strong>Completion: </strong>A case study was carried out in the geriatric care and nuclear power industry by means of qualitative interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The result of this study indicates that there are certain aspects to bear in mind for organizations facing the goal conflict situation. The management has to be clear about what to prioritize and then clearly communicate this priority to the employees. The organization should also have a clearly defined stakeholder strategy concerning their demands and requirements. Finally, it is also important for an organization that employees have proper communication channels and failure identification systems, so that problems can be emphasized.</p>

<p>Background: It has been shown that EDI can yield positive effects within companies. Which effects are possible for a company to direct assign to the introduction of EDI and is it possible to estimate the total effect.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this study is to estimate and analyze the effects of using EDI in electronic business. We also want to contribute with a model for measure and estimate the effects of EDI.</p><p>Accomplishment: We have studied literature concering EDI and realized a preliminary studie in form of interviews with experts to establish deeper knowledge of EDI. We have also tried to estimate the effects obtained in companies in three different businesses, power, government and transport industry.</p><p>Result: To obtain as good effects as possible it is important that the co- oporation is built on trust and engagement. Before implementing the EDI-system a thorough overhaul of the processes in the company should be done, involving both the top managers and the staff. Internet can be used to achieve minimal cost and it is important to limit the information sent by EDI to only send the information demanded. Finally companies also should mediate the advantages of EDI inside the organisation to make the co-operators realize the good effects obtained by EDI.</p>

Background: It has been shown that EDI can yield positive effects within companies. Which effects are possible for a company to direct assign to the introduction of EDI and is it possible to estimate the total effect. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to estimate and analyze the effects of using EDI in electronic business. We also want to contribute with a model for measure and estimate the effects of EDI. Accomplishment: We have studied literature concering EDI and realized a preliminary studie in form of interviews with experts to establish deeper knowledge of EDI. We have also tried to estimate the effects obtained in companies in three different businesses, power, government and transport industry. Result: To obtain as good effects as possible it is important that the co- oporation is built on trust and engagement. Before implementing the EDI-system a thorough overhaul of the processes in the company should be done, involving both the top managers and the staff. Internet can be used to achieve minimal cost and it is important to limit the information sent by EDI to only send the information demanded. Finally companies also should mediate the advantages of EDI inside the organisation to make the co-operators realize the good effects obtained by EDI.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Runt omkring oss i samhället finns det organisationer av olika slag. De organisationer som påverkar oss mest i vårt dagliga liv är dock troligen de kommersiella. För sådana organisationer utgör ägarna en stark intressentgrupp då de tillför kapital till verksamheten och för detta kräver ersättning i form av avkastning. För många kommersiella organisationer finns det dock fler intressenter med andra krav på organisationen och dess verksamhet, till exempel måste industrier investera i reningsanläggningar för att inte släppa ut skadlig rök till omgivningen. För de flesta organisationer finns det följaktligen minst två olika måldimensioner. Å ena sidan har vi ägare och investerare som vill ha avkastning på sitt kapital. Å andra sidan finns det intressenter som kräver saker som hög kvalitet, hög säkerhet och tillförlitlighet. Dessa olika krav kan skapa en målkonflikt för verksamheten. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera och analysera hur målkonflikten mellan intressenters säkerhets- och lönsamhetskrav hanteras i verksamhetsstyrningen. Genomförande: Med hjälp av intervjuer har vi genomfört fallstudier vid organisationer inom äldreomsorg och kärnkraftsindustri. Resultat: Vår studie visar på en rad faktorer som bör tas i beaktning vid organisationer med målkonfliktsproblematiken. Ledningen måste vara tydlig i sin målprioritering och kommunikation, ha en tydlig hantering av sina intressenter och deras krav samt att det bör finnas tillfredställande system för felidentifiering och rapporteringsmöjligheter för de anställda. / Background: In the society we live in, there are different kinds of organizations. The organizations that affect us the most however are probably the commercial ones. For these organizations, the owners form a strong a group of stakeholders since they invest capital and therefore require return on their investments. Nevertheless, some organizations also face demands of safety and quality from other stakeholders. With this in mind it becomes clear that organizations sometimes have to handle at least two dimensions of goals, owners that demand yield and the general public that demands a satisfying amount of safety. These different kinds of goals and demands can create a goal conflict situation within the organizations. Aim: The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze how the conflict between safety and economic goals is handled in the operating control.' Completion: A case study was carried out in the geriatric care and nuclear power industry by means of qualitative interviews. Results: The result of this study indicates that there are certain aspects to bear in mind for organizations facing the goal conflict situation. The management has to be clear about what to prioritize and then clearly communicate this priority to the employees. The organization should also have a clearly defined stakeholder strategy concerning their demands and requirements. Finally, it is also important for an organization that employees have proper communication channels and failure identification systems, so that problems can be emphasized.

<p>Within the electric power industry, the average company's enterprise system - i.e. the overall system of IT related entities - is today highly complex. Technically, large organizations posses hundreds or thousands of extensively interconnected and heterogeneous single IT systems performing tasks that varies from enterprise resource planning to real-time control and monitoring of industrial processes. Moreover are these systems storing a wide variety of sometimes redundant data, and typically they are deployed on several different platforms. IT does, however, not execute in splendid isolation. Organizationally, the enterprise system embraces business processes and business units using as well as maintaining and acquiring the IT systems. The interplay between the organization and the IT systems are further determined by for instance business goals, ownership and governance structures, strategies, individual system users, documentation, and cost. </p><p>Lately, Enterprise Architecture (EA) has evolved with the mission to take a holistic approach to managing the above depicted enterprise system. The discipline's presumption is that architectural models are the key to succeed in understanding and administrating enterprise systems. Compared to many other engineering disciplines, EA is quite immature in many respects. This thesis identifies and elaborates on some important aspects that to date have been overlooked to a large extent. Firstly, the lack of explicit purpose for architectural models is identified. The thesis argues that the concerns of a company's Chief Information Officer (CIO) should guide the rationale behind the development of EA models. In particular, distribution of IT related information and knowledge throughout the organization is emphasized as an important concern uncared for. Secondly, the lack of architectural theory is recognized. The thesis provides examples of how theory, or analysis procedures, could be incorporated into the Enterprise Architecture approach and hereby concretely drive the development of the architectural models. Due to the nature of enterprise systems, EA theories inevitable will be of an indicative character. Finally, in relation to the models as such, three aspects are highlighted. Firstly, the cost of collecting information from the organization to populate models is routinely neglected by the EA community. This expense should be evaluated in relation to the utility of analyses that the information can provide in terms of better informed decision making by the CIO. Secondly, models (and meta-models) must be kept consistent. And thirdly, the design of models is restricted by the limited mental capabilities of the minds of the model users. CIO concerns must consequently be easy to extract from the Enterprise Architecture models. </p><p><b>Key words:</b> Enterprise Architecture, Enterprise System, Chief Information Officer (CIO), Information Technology (IT) Management, Architectural Theory, Electric Power Industry</p>

Univ., Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Diss.--Utrecht, 2006. / Zsfassung in niederländ. Sprache.