The aerospace industry is currently looking at options for fulfilling the technological development targets set for the next aircraft generations. Conventional engines and aircraft architectures are now at a maturity level which makes the realisation of these targets extremely problematic. Radical solutions seem to be necessary and Electric Distributed Propulsion is the most promising concept for future aviation. Several studies showed that the viability of this novel concept depends on the implementation of a superconducting power network. The particularities of a superconducting power network are described in this study where novel components and new design conditions of these networks are highlighted. Simulink models to estimate the weight of fully superconducting machines have been developed in this research work producing a relatively conservative prediction model compared to the NASA figures which are the only reference available in the literature. A conceptual aircraft design architecture implementing a superconducting secondary electrical power system is also proposed. Depending on the size of the aircraft, and hence the electric load demand, the proposed superconducting architecture proved to be up to three times lighter than the current more electric configurations. The selection of such a configuration will also align with the general tendency towards a superconducting network for the proposed electric distributed propulsion concept. In addition, the hybrid nature of these configurations has also been explored and the potential enhanced role of energy storage mechanisms has been further investigated leading to almost weight neutral but far more flexible aircraft solutions. For the forecast timeframe battery technology seems the only viable choice in terms of energy storage options. The anticipated weight of the Lithium sulphur technology is the most promising for the proposed architectures and for the timeframe under investigation. The whole study is based on products and technologies which are expected to be available on the 2035 timeframe. However, future radical changes in energy storage technologies may be possible but the approach used in this study can be readily adapted to meet such changes.

A power grid network is an interconnected network of coupled devices that generate, transmit and distribute power to consumers. These complex and usually large-scale systems have high dimensional models that are computationally expensive to simulate especially in real time applications, stability analysis, and control design. Model order reduction (MOR) tackles this issue by approximating these high dimensional models with reduced high-fidelity representations. When the internal description of the models is not available, the reduced representations are constructed by data. In this dissertation, we investigate four problems regarding the MOR and data-driven modeling of the power networks model, particularly the swing equations. We first develop a parametric MOR approach for linearized parametric swing equations that preserves the physically-meaningful second-order structure of the swing equations dynamics. Parameters in the model correspond to variations in operating conditions. We employ a global basis approach to develop the parametric reduced model. We obtain these local bases by $mathcal{H}_2$-based interpolatory model reduction and then concatenate them to form a global basis. We develop a framework to enrich this global basis based on a residue analysis to ensure bounded $mathcal{H}_2$ and $mathcal{H}_infty$ errors over the entire parameter domain. Then, we focus on nonlinear power grid networks and develop a structure-preserving system-theoretic model reduction framework. First, to perform an intermediate model reduction step, we convert the original nonlinear system to an equivalent quadratic nonlinear model via a lifting transformation. Then, we employ the $mathcal{H}_2$-based model reduction approach, Quadratic Iterative Rational Krylov Algorithm (Q-IRKA). Using a special subspace structure of the model reduction bases resulting from Q-IRKA and the structure of the underlying power network model, we form our final reduction basis that yields a reduced model of the same second-order structure as the original model. Next, we focus on a data-driven modeling framework for power network dynamics by applying the Lift and Learn approach. Once again, with the help of the lifting transformation, we lift the snapshot data resulting from the simulation of the original nonlinear swing equations such that the resulting lifted-data corresponds to a quadratic nonlinearity. We then, project the lifted data onto a lower dimensional basis via a singular value decomposition. By employing a least-squares measure, we fit the reduced quadratic matrices to this reduced lifted data. Moreover, we investigate various regularization approaches. Finally, inspired by the second-order sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDY) method, we propose a structure-preserving data-driven system identification method for the nonlinear swing equations. Using the special structure on the right-hand-side of power systems dynamics, we choose functions in the SINDY library of terms, and enforce sparsity in the SINDY output of coefficients. Throughout the dissertation, we use various power network models to illustrate the effectiveness of our approaches. / Doctor of Philosophy / Power grid networks are interconnected networks of devices responsible for delivering electricity to consumers, e.g., houses and industries for their daily needs. There exist mathematical models representing power networks dynamics that are generally nonlinear but can also be simplified by linear dynamics. Usually, these models are complex and large-scale and therefore take a long time to simulate. Hence, obtaining models of much smaller dimension that can capture the behavior of the original systems with an acceptable accuracy is a necessity. In this dissertation, we focus on approximation of power networks model through the swing equations. First, we study the linear parametric power network model whose operating conditions depend on parameters. We develop an algorithm to replace the original model with a model of smaller dimension and the ability to perform in different operating conditions. Second, given an explicit representation of the nonlinear power network model, we approximate the original model with a model of the same structure but smaller dimension. In the cases where the mathematical models are not available but only time-domain data resulting from simulation of the model is at hand, we apply an already developed framework to infer a model of a small dimension and a specific nonlinear structure: quadratic dynamics. In addition, we develop a framework to identify the nonlinear dynamics while maintaining their original physically-meaningful structure.

In economical and sustainable operation of cyber-physical systems, a number of entities need to often cooperate over a communication network to solve optimization problems. A challenging aspect in the design of robust distributed solution algorithms to these optimization problems is that as technology advances and the networks grow larger, the communication bandwidth used to coordinate the solution is limited. Moreover, even though most research has focused distributed convex optimization, in cyberphysical systems nonconvex problems are often encountered, e.g., localization in wireless sensor networks and optimal power flow in smart grids, the solution of which poses major technical difficulties. Motivated by these challenges this thesis investigates distributed optimization with emphasis on limited communication for both convex and nonconvex structured problems. In particular, the thesis consists of four articles as summarized below. The first two papers investigate the convergence of distributed gradient solution methods for the resource allocation optimization problem, where gradient information is communicated at every iteration, using limited communication. In particular, the first paper investigates how distributed dual descent methods can perform demand-response in power networks by using one-way communication. To achieve the one-way communication, the power supplier first broadcasts a coordination signal to the users and then updates the coordination signal by using physical measurements related to the aggregated power usage. Since the users do not communicate back to the supplier, but instead they only take a measurable action, it is essential that the algorithm remains primal feasible at every iteration to avoid blackouts. The paper demonstrates how such blackouts can be avoided by appropriately choosing the algorithm parameters. Moreover, the convergence rate of the algorithm is investigated. The second paper builds on the work of the first paper and considers more general resource allocation problem with multiple resources. In particular, a general class of quantized gradient methods are studied where the gradient direction is approximated by a finite quantization set. Necessary and sufficient conditions on the quantization set are provided to guarantee the ability of these methods to solve a large class of dual problems. A lower bound on the cardinality of the quantization set is provided, along with specific examples of minimal quantizations. Furthermore, convergence rate results are established that connect the fineness of the quantization and number of iterations needed to reach a predefined solution accuracy. The results provide a bound on the number of bits needed to achieve the desired accuracy of the optimal solution. The third paper investigates a particular nonconvex resource allocation problem, the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem, which is of central importance in the operation of power networks. An efficient novel method to address the general nonconvex OPF problem is investigated, which is based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) combined with sequential convex approximations. The global OPF problem is decomposed into smaller problems associated to each bus of the network, the solutions of which are coordinated via a light communication protocol. Therefore, the proposed method is highly scalable. The convergence properties of the proposed algorithm are mathematically and numerically substantiated. The fourth paper builds on the third paper and investigates the convergence of distributed algorithms as in the third paper but for more general nonconvex optimization problems. In particular, two distributed solution methods, including ADMM, that combine the fast convergence properties of augmented Lagrangian-based methods with the separability properties of alternating optimization are investigated. The convergence properties of these methods are investigated and sufficient conditions under which the algorithms asymptotically reache the first order necessary conditions for optimality are established. Finally, the results are numerically illustrated on a nonconvex localization problem in wireless sensor networks. The results of this thesis advocate the promising convergence behaviour of some distributed optimization algorithms on nonconvex problems. Moreover, the results demonstrate the potential of solving convex distributed resource allocation problems using very limited communication bandwidth. Future work will consider how even more general convex and nonconvex problems can be solved using limited communication bandwidth and also study lower bounds on the bandwidth needed to solve general resource allocation optimization problems. / <p>QC 20160203</p>

The Technology today is changing at a fast pace. The growth of computers and telecommunications over the past three decades has been extraordinary. We today are at the point where all technologies related to communication and data transfer are submerging to a common platform. A number of different methods are available for data communication or data transfer. The important factor in all communication setups is to satisfy user demands with low cost and reliability. The area of interest for this thesis is future energy substations and wind mills. In order to make things more straight forward and see its different options and capabilities the focus is on designing and implementing a new energy protocol called Energy Real Time Protocol (eRTP) based on Iyad Real Time Protocol (iRTP) [2]. The protocol is designed to meet the requirements of power and energy networks in terms of sending the energy parameters with VoIP data (optional) among power stations at different locations. Keeping in mind the importance transferring energy parameters in real-time, the presented protocol has built upon small individual algorithms/modules designed for multi-core architecture. Each module is supposed to be processed by an individual core/processor in parallel.

The emerging technology of Cyberphysical systems consists of networked computing, sensing, and actuator devices used to monitor, connect, and control physical phenomena. In order to economically and sustainably operate Cyberphysical systems, their devices need to cooperate over a communication network to solve optimization problems. For example, in smart power grids, smart meters cooperatively optimize the grid performance, and in wireless sensor networks a number of sensors cooperate to find optimal estimators of real-world parameters. A challenging aspect in the design of distributed solution algorithms to these optimization problems is that while the technology advances and the networks grow larger, the communication bandwidth available to coordinate the solution remains limited. Motivated by this challenge, this thesis investigates the convergence of distributed solution methods for resource allocation optimization problems, where gradient information is communicated at every iteration, using limited communication. This problem is approached from three different perspectives, each presented in a separate paper.  The investigation of the three papers demonstrate promises and limits of solving distributed resource allocation problems using limited communication bandwidth. Future work will consider how even more general problems can be solved using limited communication bandwidth and also study different communication constraints. / <p>QC 20170424</p>

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-03-13T14:22:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 eles_estao.pdf: 4462376 bytes, checksum: b823a35aa883ffec27cceb53cbdb6b34 (MD5) 00000177.pdf: 4462376 bytes, checksum: b823a35aa883ffec27cceb53cbdb6b34 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T14:22:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 eles_estao.pdf: 4462376 bytes, checksum: b823a35aa883ffec27cceb53cbdb6b34 (MD5) 00000177.pdf: 4462376 bytes, checksum: b823a35aa883ffec27cceb53cbdb6b34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a Guarda Nacional do Império do Brasil. Dando lugar especialmente aos homens que dela participavam, oficiais e soldados rasos, no interstício entre 1850 ? ano da lei que reformou a milícia ? e 1873 ? quando houve nova reformulação normativa ?, intenta compreender fatores relativos às práticas sociais e interfaces comportamentais de variados sujeitos em um contexto delimitado, cujo cenário é a antiga Colônia Alemã de São Leopoldo. Vivências, comportamentos e estratégias diárias são revelados, buscando, assim, margens e frestas de sistemas de controle da sociabilidade. Percorrendo fios e rastros das redes políticas configuradas em uma área de colonização/imigração alemã no Rio Grande de São Pedro oitocentista, volta-se, especialmente, a tácitos acordos entre autoridades locais, abordando a sociedade imperial em um corte vertical. O cotidiano dos cidadãos em armas é objeto-chave, especialmente questões de conflictividad, que revelam a militarização que moldou as malhas e teias que compunham aquela sociedade. Em suma, busca por regras nem sempre escritas que explicitam o modus operandi da milícia em complexas manobras de revelação e obscurecimento normativo. Imigrantes naturalizados e descendentes de pioneiros, como sujeitos históricos, tornam-se, portanto, homo politicus. Preocupa-se, finalmente, em desvelar jogos de cooperações e conflitos, cuja análise debruça-se sobre o oficialato miliciano. / The purpose of this study is to analyze the National Guard during the Brazilian Empire. Considering mainly the men who participated in it, both officers and privates, during the period between 1850 – the year when the law to reform the militia was enacted – and 1873 – when the rules were again reformulated – it seeks to understand factors involving social practices and behavioral interfaces of various subjects in a delimited context whose scenario is the former German Settlement [“Colônia Alemã”] of São Leopoldo. Experiences, behaviors and daily strategies are revealed, thus seeking edges and cracks in the systems that controlled sociability. Going along the “threads” and “tracks” of the political networks configured in an area of German settlement/immigration in the province of Rio Grande de São Pedro, during the 1800s, it looks especially at tacit agreements among the local authorities, approaching Imperial society through a vertical section. The daily life of the citizens-at-arms is a key object, especially issues of conflictiveness, which reveal the militarization that molded the meshes and webs that composed that society. In brief, it looks for not always written rules that spell out the modus operandi of the militia in complex maneuvers of normative revelation and concealment. Immigrants who became Brazilian citizens and descendents of pioneers, as historical subjects, thus become homo politicus. Lastly, it concerns itself with unveiling games of cooperation and conflict, whose analysis focuses on the militia officer’ corps.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-11-17T10:55:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Nunes dos Reis__.pdf: 3241209 bytes, checksum: b350ca7207662ffbe86ca0164cf92887 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-17T10:55:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Nunes dos Reis__.pdf: 3241209 bytes, checksum: b350ca7207662ffbe86ca0164cf92887 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-18 / Nenhuma / Análise de Contingências em sistemas elétricos de transmissão são de fundamental importância tanto para o planejamento quanto para a operação do sistema. Conhecimento do nível de importância e o impacto de interrupções em condições de operação da rede, em cada linha e em todas as barras de carga é crucial para a análise de segurança da rede. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a fragilidade dos sistemas elétricos de transmissão através de cálculo e análise das centralidades das redes, identificando seus nós mais importantes. Desta forma, pode-se obter informações sobre a rede com um menor custo computacional que as ferramentas disponíveis no momento. Os testes foram aplicados em redes IEEE padrão e em redes reais de grande escala, como o Sistema Interligado Nacional brasileiro (SIN). Os resultados foram comparados com os obtidos no software ANAREDE, software este que possui maior penetração entre as empresas de transmissão, e é baseado em cálculo de fluxo de potência. Com essa comparação é possível avaliar o grau de confiabilidade do método proposto.Os dados analisados mostram que o método pode ser utilizado como uma ferramenta auxiliar de baixo custo computacional para a avaliação de contingências fornecendo subsídios para análises mais aprofundadas dos nós indicados como críticos. Através da utilização do coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman verifica-se que os resultados do cálculo de centralidades possuem boa proximidade aos resultados do ANAREDE, com menor custo computacional e possibilidade de rodarredes de grande densidade de forma completa. / Contingency analysis of an electricity transmission system is of fundamental importance for both planning and system operation. Knowledge of the level of importance and the impact of outage in operating conditions of the network, were each one of the lines and on every load baseline is crucial for the analysis of network security. This work aims to evaluate the fragility of the electricity transmission system through centrality analysis of networks, identifying the most important nodes in the network. On this way, important information of the network can be achieved with lower computation cost than current available tools.Tests were performed on standard IEEE and in actual large scale networks, as the Brazilian National Interconnected Power System (NIPS). The results were compared with optimal results obtained from ANAREDE software, which is based on power flow calculation to check if the centrality-based method is reliable.The data analyzed show that the method can be used as an auxiliary tool with low computational cost for the evaluation of contingencies, providing support for further analysis of the nodes listed as critical.Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was obtained for each centrality calculation and shows a close relation with results from ANAREDE software, with less computational cost and possibility to run high density networks at once.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2018-12-06T16:51:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Charlene Steplany Marylin Meneses de Paula - Tese.pdf: 3929084 bytes, checksum: 6e9dcf31379b51b309abeeab13145034 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-12-07T10:06:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Charlene Steplany Marylin Meneses de Paula - Tese.pdf: 3929084 bytes, checksum: 6e9dcf31379b51b309abeeab13145034 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-07T10:06:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Charlene Steplany Marylin Meneses de Paula - Tese.pdf: 3929084 bytes, checksum: 6e9dcf31379b51b309abeeab13145034 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This ethnographic research, carried out between 2011 and 2017, has investigated how power networks impact teacher education and performance. Therefore, I have answered the following questions: 1) what stress and conflict situations have risen during the data-generation phase, namely, in the period of methodological transition between the collaborative research and the ethnographic research? 2) what kinds of resistance circumstances have come forth throughout the third module of the continual training? How have they been manifested and understood? I was one of the training professors in a continual training course for teachers of English. I was in charge of a training center in a city of Goiás in 2013, and, over the fieldwork phase, 14 apprentice teachers (12 female and 2 male teachers) participated effectively in 32 four-hour classes during the first or the second semester. The teachers came either from the same city where the center is located or from cities nearby and taught English in schools administered by the state government and/or in schools ruled the city government. The course was held in the training school in the regional education department office located in that city. The meetings were face-to-face and took place every Friday from 2 to 6 p.m. I have developed and reflected on this research having systemic thought, the paradigm of complexity, as a basis for it. In order to guide my analyses, I have used mostly Ginzburg’s index paradigm (1989), Goffman’s concepts of façade interaction and preservation rituals (1974; 2012), as well as Foucault’s studies on power and resistance relations (1988; 1993; 2001; 2004; 2004a; 2008; 2009; 2010; 2011). I reckon that the analysis of interaction events has helped me to comprehend stress situations that lay out of the control of who coordinates the training process (in this case, I) and conflicts for which the the training professor is not (the only) responsible, as well as how varied resistance types to an authority or to counter-conducts may be. The (counter)resistances have led to many conflicts, which, on their turn, have proven to be valuable in bringing benefits or independence. 77,7% of the participants have chosen the third module as the most significant one in the course; they have alleged in some of the results that they still must change their minds when it comes to considering race prejudice; that the course has enabled them to share experiences and to acknowledge new realities; that the texts they read have helped them reflect on how they deal with the world in and out of the school; and that the themes could be shared with students in public basic schools. / Essa pesquisa etnográfica, realizada entre os anos de 2011e 2017, investiga como as redes de poder impactam a formação e a atuação docentes. Para tanto, respondo às seguintes perguntas: 1) que tensões e conflitos surgiram durante a geração dos dados, ou seja, no período de transição metodológica, compreendido entre a pesquisa colaborativa e a pesquisa etnográfica?; 2) que resistências surgiram ao longo do terceiro módulo do curso de formação continuada? Como são manifestadas e compreendidas? Fui uma das professoras formadoras de um curso de formação continuada de professoras/es de inglês. Me responsabilizei pelo polo de uma cidade do interior de Goiás e, ao longo de 2013, na fase de campo, foram ministradas 32 aulas de 4 horas cada para um total de 14 docentes aprendizes (12 professoras e 2 professores) que participaram efetivamente do curso, pelo menos em um dos semestres. Essas/es aprendizes residiam na cidade-polo e em cidades vizinhas e lecionavam língua inglesa em escolas públicas municipais e/ou estaduais. As aulas aconteceram na escola de formação, localizada na subsecretaria regional de educação do município-polo. Os encontros foram presenciais e ocorreram semanalmente, todas as sextas-feiras, das 14 às 18 horas. É com base no pensamento sistêmico, ou paradigma da complexidade, que desenvolvo e compreendo essa pesquisa. Para orientar minhas análises, me baseio principalmente no paradigma indiciário de Ginsburg (1989); nos rituais de interação e de preservação da fachada de Goffman (1974; 2012); e nas relações de poder e resistências de Foucault (1988; 1993; 2001; 2004; 2004a; 2008; 2009; 2010; 2011). Concluo que a análise de eventos interacionais me ajudou a enxergar tensões que vão além do controle de quem coordena o processo de formação (no caso em análise, eu) e conflitos pelos quais a formadora não é (a única) responsável, bem como o quanto podem ser variados os tipos de resistência, seja a uma autoridade ou a contracondutas. As (contra)resistências promoveram inúmeros conflitos, que, por sua vez, mostraram-se produtivos, trazendo benefícios ou emancipando. 77,7% das/os participantes escolheram o módulo 3 como o mais significativo do curso e alegaram dentre alguns resultados que o preconceito racial ainda está presente em suas mentes e que precisam mudar seus pensamentos; que o curso possibilitou o compartilhamento de experiências e a descoberta de novas realidades; que os textos lidos promoveram a reflexão sobre o como lidar com o mundo dentro e fora da escola; e que os temas puderam ser compartilhados nas escolas da rede pública da educação básica, com os/as discentes.

Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2013-12-03T18:17:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 leonardo-redes de poder.pdf: 3903179 bytes, checksum: 33258e420e657f1f76bf624ad0f27f7b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-03T18:17:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 leonardo-redes de poder.pdf: 3903179 bytes, checksum: 33258e420e657f1f76bf624ad0f27f7b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Em finais do século XVII, as conexões entre Brasil e Angola estavam firmadas em torno do comércio marítimo, sobretudo, de escravos. Neste cenário, homens de prestígio exerciam seus cargos de governança em ambos os lados do Oceano Atlântico, buscando acender em suas carreiras no mesmo passo em que aumentassem seus cabedais a partir das prerrogativas dos postos ocupados. O propósito deste trabalho é analisar as relações administrativas e comerciais no Atlântico Sul, entre Brasil e Angola, a partir das redes de poder de Luís César de Meneses, governador de Angola. Além de suas incumbências administrativas, este governante organizou uma complexa companhia mercantil tendo como principal mercadoria escravos africanos.Para seu funcionamento contava com uma grande rede de indivíduos a ele subordinados ou associados exercendo múltiplas funções para conecta-lo de Angola ao Brasil, como também ao Reino, diminuindo as distâncias. / In the late 17th century, the connections between Brazil and Angola were signed around the maritime trade, especially in slaves. In this scenario, prestigious men exercised their governance positions on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean seeking to ascend in their careers at the same time to increase their earnings from the prerogatives of occupied posts. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the administrative and commercial relations in the South Atlantic between Brazil and Angola, from the networks of power to Luís César de Meneses, governor of Angola. In addition to his administrative duties, this ruler organized a complex trading company whose main merchandise were African slaves. For its operation he had a large network of individuals under him or associates performing various functions to connect him from Angola to Brazil, as well as Portugal, decreasing distances.

A large part of today's multi-core chips is interconnect. Increasing communication complexity has made new strategies for interconnects essential such as Network on Chip. Power dissipation in interconnects has become a substantial part of the total power dissipation. Hence, techniques to reduce interconnect power have become a necessity. In this thesis, we present a design methodology that gives values of bus width for interconnect links, frequency of operation for routers, in Network on Chip scenario that satisfy required throughput and dissipate minimal switching power. We develop closed form analytical expressions for the power dissipation, with bus width and frequency as variables and then use Lagrange multiplier method to arrive at the optimal values. To validate our methodology, we implement the router design in 90 nm technology and measure power for various bus widths and frequency combinations. We find that the experimental results are in good agreement with the predicted theoretical results. Further, we present the scenario of an Application Specific System on Chip (ASSoC), where the throughput requirements are different on different links. We show that our analytical model holds in this case also. Then, we present modified version of the solution considered for Chip Multi Processor (CMP) case that can solve the ASSoC scenario also.