In this paper, Natural Language Processing and classification algorithms were used to create a program that automatically can tag different errands that are connected to Fortnox (an IT company based in Växjö) support service. Controlled experiments were conducted to find the best classification algorithm together with different Bag-of-Word pre-processing algorithms to find what was best suited for this problem. All data were provided by Fortnox and were manually labeled with tags connected to it as training and test data. The result of the final algorithm was 69.15% correctly/accurately predicted errands using all original data. When looking at the data that were incorrectly predicted a pattern was noticed where many errands have identical text attached to them. By removing the majority of these errands, the result was increased to 94.08%

It is projected that by 2026, most workloads in cloud data centers will be Deep Learning (DL) workloads. However, these workloads pose significant challenges due to their high computational demands, requiring infrastructure and platform advancements to meet DL’s performance, efficiency, and scalability requirements. One emerging problem in large-scale DL is the data stall issue, which occurs when DL models require extensive input data pre-processing, causing CPUs to struggle to keep up with the data consumption demands of GPUs during the training stage. This results in the DL pipeline stalling and GPUs running idle. Our work aims to fundamentally address the data stall issue in modern pre-processing DL pipelines. Traditional solutions involve allocating more CPUs to the pre-processing stage to meet GPU demands, but this approach significantly increases energy con- sumption and provisioning costs. For example, Meta recently disclosed that their DLRM pipeline requires 9 to 55 CPU servers per trainer node, depending on the workload. Our research explores offloading common pre-processing primi- tives to programmable network hardware, specifically Tofino2-equipped switches known for their high bandwidth and energy efficiency, and the Bluefield-2 Smart- NIC. Our initial power measurements demonstrate that Tofino2 and Bluefield-2 achieve 11.6x and 3.0x higher throughput per Watt, respectively, compared to a generic x86 or AMD CPU while performing pre-processing operations. However, due to Tofino2’s limitations in terms of the operations it can perform compared to a CPU, several design optimizations are required to fully exploit the potential of programmable network devices.

Die hier vorliegende Forschungsarbeit hat zum Ziel, Erkenntnisse über den Einfluss der Vorverarbeitung auf die Ergebnisse der Wissensgenerierung zu gewinnen und konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für die geeignete Vorverarbeitung von Textkorpora in Text Data Mining (TDM) Vorhaben zu geben. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Extraktion und der Verfolgung von Konzepten innerhalb bestimmter Wissensdomänen mit Hilfe eines methodischen Ansatzes, der auf der waagerechten und senkrechten Segmentierung von Korpora basiert. Ergebnis sind zeitlich segmentierte Teilkorpora, welche die Persistenzeigenschaft der enthaltenen Terme widerspiegeln. Innerhalb jedes zeitlich segmentierten Teilkorpus können jeweils Cluster von Termen gebildet werden, wobei eines diejenigen Terme enthält, die bezogen auf das Gesamtkorpus nicht persistent sind und das andere Cluster diejenigen, die in allen zeitlichen Segmenten vorkommen. Auf Grundlage einfacher Häufigkeitsmaße kann gezeigt werden, dass allein die statistische Qualität eines einzelnen Korpus es erlaubt, die Vorverarbeitungsqualität zu messen. Vergleichskorpora sind nicht notwendig. Die Zeitreihen der Häufigkeitsmaße zeigen signifikante negative Korrelationen zwischen dem Cluster von Termen, die permanent auftreten, und demjenigen das die Terme enthält, die nicht persistent in allen zeitlichen Segmenten des Korpus vorkommen. Dies trifft ausschließlich auf das optimal vorverarbeitete Korpus zu und findet sich nicht in den anderen Test Sets, deren Vorverarbeitungsqualität gering war. Werden die häufigsten Terme unter Verwendung domänenspezifischer Taxonomien zu Konzepten gruppiert, zeigt sich eine signifikante negative Korrelation zwischen der Anzahl unterschiedlicher Terme pro Zeitsegment und den einer Taxonomie zugeordneten Termen. Dies trifft wiederum nur für das Korpus mit hoher Vorverarbeitungsqualität zu. Eine semantische Analyse auf einem mit Hilfe einer Schwellenwert basierenden TDM Methode aufbereiteten Datenbestand ergab signifikant unterschiedliche Resultate an generiertem Wissen, abhängig von der Qualität der Datenvorverarbeitung. Mit den in dieser Forschungsarbeit vorgestellten Methoden und Maßzahlen ist sowohl die Qualität der verwendeten Quellkorpora, als auch die Qualität der angewandten Taxonomien messbar. Basierend auf diesen Erkenntnissen werden Indikatoren für die Messung und Bewertung von Korpora und Taxonomien entwickelt sowie Empfehlungen für eine dem Ziel des nachfolgenden Analyseprozesses adäquate Vorverarbeitung gegeben. / The research work available here has the goal of analysing the influence of pre-processing on the results of the generation of knowledge and of giving concrete recommendations for action for suitable pre-processing of text corpora in TDM. The research introduced here focuses on the extraction and tracking of concepts within certain knowledge domains using an approach of horizontally (timeline) and vertically (persistence of terms) segmenting of corpora. The result is a set of segmented corpora according to the timeline. Within each timeline segment clusters of concepts can be built according to their persistence quality in relation to each single time-based corpus segment and to the whole corpus. Based on a simple frequency measure it can be shown that only the statistical quality of a single corpus allows measuring the pre-processing quality. It is not necessary to use comparison corpora. The time series of the frequency measure have significant negative correlations between the two clusters of concepts that occur permanently and others that vary within an optimal pre-processed corpus. This was found to be the opposite in every other test set that was pre-processed with lower quality. The most frequent terms were grouped into concepts by the use of domain-specific taxonomies. A significant negative correlation was found between the time series of different terms per yearly corpus segments and the terms assigned to taxonomy for corpora with high quality level of pre-processing. A semantic analysis based on a simple TDM method with significant frequency threshold measures resulted in significant different knowledge extracted from corpora with different qualities of pre-processing. With measures introduced in this research it is possible to measure the quality of applied taxonomy. Rules for the measuring of corpus as well as taxonomy quality were derived from these results and advice suggested for the appropriate level of pre-processing.

This presentation is intended to inform about the enhancements to Creo Simulate 4.0 and the Roadmap for the future (5.0 +)

This presentation is intended to inform about the enhancements of Creo Simulate and the Roadmap for the future.

Recent data mining methods represent modern approaches capable of analyzing large amounts of data and extracting meaningful and potentially useful information from it. In this work, we discuss all the essential steps of the data mining process - including data preparation, storage, cleaning, data analysis as well as visualization of the obtained results. In particular, this work is focused on the data available publicly from the Insolvency Register of the Czech Republic, that comprises all insolvency proceedings commenced after 1. January 2008 in the Czech Republic. With regard to the considered type of data, several data mining methods have been discussed, implemented, tested and evaluated. Among others, the studied techniques include Market Basket Analysis, Bayesian networks and social network analysis. The obtained results reveal several social patterns common in the current Czech society.

A extração de termos em coleções textuais, que é uma atividade da etapa de Pré-Processamento da Mineração de Textos, pode ser empregada para diversos fins nos processos de extração de conhecimento. Esses termos devem ser cuidadosamente extraídos, uma vez que os resultados de todo o processo dependerão, em grande parte, da \"qualidade\" dos termos obtidos. A \"qualidade\" dos termos, neste trabalho, abrange tanto a representatividade dos termos no domínio em questão como sua compreensibilidade. Tendo em vista sua importância, neste trabalho, avaliou-se o efeito do uso de diferentes técnicas de simplificação de termos na compreensibilidade e representatividade dos termos em coleções textuais na Língua Portuguesa. Os termos foram extraídos seguindo os passos da metodologia apresentada neste trabalho e as técnicas utilizadas durante essa atividade de extração foram a radicalização, lematização e substantivação. Para apoiar tal metodologia, foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta, a ExtraT (Ferramenta para Extração de Termos). Visando garantir a \"qualidade\" dos termos extraídos, os mesmos são avaliados objetiva e subjetivamente. As avaliações subjetivas, ou seja, com o auxílio de especialistas do domínio em questão, abrangem a representatividade dos termos em seus respectivos documentos, a compreensibilidade dos termos obtidos ao utilizar cada técnica e a preferência geral subjetiva dos especialistas em cada técnica. As avaliações objetivas, que são auxiliadas por uma ferramenta desenvolvida (a TaxEM - Taxonomia em XML da Embrapa), levam em consideração a quantidade de termos extraídos por cada técnica, além de abranger tambéem a representatividade dos termos extraídos a partir de cada técnica em relação aos seus respectivos documentos. Essa avaliação objetiva da representatividade dos termos utiliza como suporte a medida CTW (Context Term Weight). Oito coleções de textos reais do domínio de agronegócio foram utilizadas na avaliaçao experimental. Como resultado foram indicadas algumas das características positivas e negativas da utilização das técnicas de simplificação de termos, mostrando que a escolha pelo uso de alguma dessas técnicas para o domínio em questão depende do objetivo principal pré-estabelecido, que pode ser desde a necessidade de se ter termos compreensíveis para o usuário até a necessidade de se trabalhar com uma menor quantidade de termos / The task of term extraction in textual domains, which is a subtask of the text pre-processing in Text Mining, can be used for many purposes in knowledge extraction processes. These terms must be carefully extracted since their quality will have a high impact in the results. In this work, the quality of these terms involves both representativity in the specific domain and comprehensibility. Considering this high importance, in this work the effects produced in the comprehensibility and representativity of terms were evaluated when different term simplification techniques are utilized in text collections in Portuguese. The term extraction process follows the methodology presented in this work and the techniques used were radicalization, lematization and substantivation. To support this metodology, a term extraction tool was developed and is presented as ExtraT. In order to guarantee the quality of the extracted terms, they were evaluated in an objective and subjective way. The subjective evaluations, assisted by domain specialists, analyze the representativity of the terms in related documents, the comprehensibility of the terms with each technique, and the specialist\'s opinion. The objective evaluations, which are assisted by TaxEM and by Thesagro (National Agricultural Thesaurus), consider the number of extracted terms by each technique and their representativity in the related documents. This objective evaluation of the representativity uses the CTW measure (Context Term Weight) as support. Eight real collections of the agronomy domain were used in the experimental evaluation. As a result, some positive and negative characteristics of each techniques were pointed out, showing that the best technique selection for this domain depends on the main pre-established goal, which can involve obtaining better comprehensibility terms for the user or reducing the quantity of extracted terms

Nas últimas décadas, a capacidade das empresas de gerar e coletar informações aumentou rapidamente. Essa explosão no volume de dados gerou a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novas técnicas e ferramentas que pudessem, além de processar essa enorme quantidade de dados, permitir sua análise para a descoberta de informações úteis, de maneira inteligente e automática. Isso fez surgir um proeminente campo de pesquisa para a extração de informação em bases de dados denominado Knowledge Discovery in Databases – KDD, no geral técnicas de mineração de dados – DM – têm um papel preponderante. A obtenção de bons resultados na etapa de mineração de dados depende fortemente de quão adequadamente o preparo dos dados é realizado. Sendo assim, a etapa de extração de conhecimento (DM) no processo de KDD, é normalmente precedida de uma etapa de pré-processamento, onde os dados que porventura devam ser submetidos à etapa de DM são integrados em uma única relação. Um problema importante enfrentado nessa etapa é que, na maioria das vezes, o usuário ainda não tem uma idéia muito precisa dos dados que devem ser extraídos. Levando em consideração a grande habilidade de exploração da mente humana, este trabalho propõe uma técnica de visualização de dados armazenados em múltiplas relações de uma base de dados relacional, com o intuito de auxiliar o usuário na preparação dos dados a serem minerados. Esta técnica permite que a etapa de DM seja aplicada sobre múltiplas relações simultaneamente, trazendo as operações de junção para serem parte desta etapa. De uma maneira geral, a adoção de junções em ferramentas de DM não é prática, devido ao alto custo computacional associado às operações de junção. Entretanto, os resultados obtidos nas avaliações de desempenho da técnica proposta neste trabalho mostraram que ela reduz esse custo significativamente, tornando possível a exploração visual de múltiplas relações de uma maneira interativa. / In the last decades the capacity of information generation and accumulation increased quickly. With the explosive growth in the volume of data, new techniques and tools are being sought to process it and to automatically discover useful information from it, leading to techniques known as Knowledge Discovery in Databases – KDD – where, in general, data mining – DM – techniques play an important role. The results of applying data mining techniques on datasets are highly dependent on proper data preparation. Therefore, in traditional DM processes, data goes through a pre-processing step that results in just one table that is submitted to mining. An important problem faced during this step is that, most of the times, the analyst doesn’t have a clear idea of what portions of data should be mined. This work reckons the strong ability of human beings to interpret data represented in graphical format, to develop a technique to visualize data from multiple tables, helping human analysts when preparing data to DM. This technique allows the data mining process to be applied over multiple relations at once, bringing the join operations to become part of this process. In general, the use of multiple tables in DM tools is not practical, due to the high computational cost required to explore them. Experimental evaluation of the proposed technique shows that it reduces this cost significantly, turning it possible to visually explore data from multiple tables in an interactive way.

Protein identification using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has proven to be an effective way to identify proteins in a biological sample. An observed spectrum is constructed from the data produced by the tandem mass spectrometer. A protein can be identified if the observed spectrum aligns with the theoretical spectrum. However, data generated by the tandem mass spectrometer are affected by errors thus making protein identification challenging in the field of proteomics. Some of these errors include wrong calibration of the instrument, instrument distortion and noise. In this thesis, we present a pre-processing method, which focuses on the removal of noisy data with the hope of aiding in better identification of proteins. We employ the method of binning to reduce the number of noise peaks in the data without sacrificing the alignment of the observed spectrum with the theoretical spectrum. In some cases, the alignment of the two spectra improved.

The client-server architecture of STAR-CCM+ allows multiple users to collaborate on a simulation set-up. The effectiveness of collaboration with this architecture is tested and evaluated on five models. The testing of these models is a start to finish set-up of an entire simulation excluding computational time for generating mesh and solving the solution. The different models have distinct differences which test every operation that would be used in a general CFD simulation. These tests focus on reducing the time spent preparing the geometry to be meshed, including setting up for a conformal mesh between multiple regions in conjugate heat transfer models. Results from these five tests show a maximum speed up of 36%.