Notre thèse explore la relation entre création littéraire et travail dans les années deux mille. Cet itinéraire de recherche est d’une grande actualité : dans les dernières années nous pouvons signaler la parution d’un grand nombre de livres centrés sur le monde professionnel, si bien que les critiques ont parlé d’une « nouvelle littérature du travail en Italie », après la « littérature industrielle italienne » des années cinquante et soixante. Il s’agit d’œuvres littéraires qui décrivent, avec un grand réalisme, les transformations socio-économiques de notre temps : l’économie néocapitaliste, toujours plus agressive, s’impose à toute la planète, menaçant de faire disparaître les différences culturelles ; la révolution technologique a drastiquement réduit les temps et les coûts de production et a provoqué l’accroissement du chômage ; les nouveaux pauvres poussent pour entrer dans les pays riches, et des nouvelles formes de discrimination et d’esclavage peuvent se vérifier ; dans le marché du travail règnent la flexibilité et la précarité, de sorte que le travailleur de nos jours est investi par une sensation permanente de risque et d’insécurité ; en même temps, les activités de certaines entreprises ont un impact destructeur sur la nature. Les écrivains contemporains ont dénoncé que ces mutations sont à la base d’une logique de surproduction très répandue dans notre société, qui met en danger l’environnement et les droits humains. Ils élaborent alors des formes d’écritures hybrides et novatrices, à travers lesquelles ils visent à fonder une éthique de la terre et des relations humaines. / Our thesis explores the connection between literary creation and work in the 2000’s. It is a very topical research field: the last few years have been full of books focused on the professional world; that’s why critics spoke of “a new work literature in Italy”, after the “Italian industrial literature” of the Fifties and the Sixties. It deals with literary works describing realistically the socio-economic transformations of our time: the aggressive neo-capitalist economy, imposed on the entire world which threatens to get rid of the cultural differences; the technological revolution, which has drastically reduced time and cost of production, provoking further an increase in the unemployment rate; newly poor try to dissolve into the developed countries and, in some cases, they are victims of new forms of discrimination and slavery; in the job market reign precariousness and flexibility, so the current workers are affected by an abiding feeling of risk. At the same time, the activities of some companies are having a worrying effect on the natural environment. Contemporary writers have denounced that these mutations are on the basis of widespread overproduction logic in our society that endangers the environment and human rights. They then develop innovative forms of hybrid writings, through which they aim to establish a new ethic of the earth and human relations.

Sexual harassment in the workplace is both illegal discrimination under human rights law and a part of the everyday experiences of women working in the full-service restaurant industry in British Columbia (BC). This dissertation is a feminist, institutional ethnographic inquiry into how women’s unwanted or uncomfortable sexual experiences with managers, co-workers, and customers within the context of full-service restaurant work in BC are still happening more than three decades after sexual harassment was first named sex discrimination in Canada. I argue that restaurant work is organized in such a way that uncomfortable or unwanted sexual experiences at work are made normal. My dissertation tells the story of how law is implicated in the construction of such restaurant workplaces within which sexual harassment and unwanted sexual experiences are normalized. The complicated interaction between the social context of restaurant work, workplace practices in restaurants, and inadequate employment standards legislation constructs precarious work environments wherein workers have little economic or job security and rely on customers for tips. Tipping, a practice legally legitimized and reinforced with lower minimum wages for alcohol servers, means workers endure sexualized and discriminatory behaviour at work in exchange for tips. Moreover, gendered social relations, reflected in managerial hiring practices and restaurant dress codes, lead women workers to associate femininity and a sexualized presentation of their self with their employment. Sexual harassment law is implicated in the problem as well. Sexual harassment law in BC (re)produces the gendered social relations of work through an individualized human rights framework and a jurisprudential notion of “unwelcomness” that both place the burden for addressing discrimination on the shoulders of workers. / Graduate / 2019-05-06

This study explores the help-seeking processes of mothers with precarious immigration status who have experienced domestic violence while residing in a mid-size coastal city in British Columbia. Using semi-structured interviews with service providers and an intersectionality-informed thematic analysis, this study seeks to answer the following questions: (1) How do mothers with precarious immigration status seek help when experiencing domestic violence? (2) What facilitates or impedes women’s help-seeking processes? (3) How do existing services and systems respond to mothers with precarious status as they seek help with domestic violence? (4) What can be done to improve these responses? Qualitative data from service providers reveal that mothers with precarious status face numerous, intersecting and often insurmountable barriers as they seek help with domestic violence. Findings also indicate that despite the dedicated and collaborative efforts of participating service providers, many mothers with precarious status are forced to either return to their abusers or to return to their countries of origin. This research also shows how existing services and systems are not structured, funded, mandated or equipped to meet the needs of these mothers and their children. Moreover, the findings show how some of the systems and structures that these women encounter as they seek help seem to actively exclude, oppress and/or marginalize them. The findings of this exploratory study and the recommendations provided by service providers have implications for policy, practice and further research. / Graduate

Despite a persistent increase in South Korea’s divorce rate, our understanding of the economic determinants of divorce in South Korea is very limited. In particular, the relationship between nonstandard employment and divorce has received little attention, even though the number of nonstandard employees has rapidly increased in recent years. This paper examines the extent to which one’s employment type is associated with marital dissolution in South Korea, using nationally representative longitudinal data (the Korea Welfare Panel Study from 2007 to 2013). Results from discrete-time hazard models show that for men, the odds of divorce of nonstandard workers are estimated to be around 1.82 times the odds of standard employees. However, the risk of divorce for the self-employed is not statistically different from that of standard workers. In contrast, for women, employment type is not associated with divorce. These findings indicate that men’s employment quality and labor market status are still more important for marital stability than women’s in a context characterized by a strong male-breadwinner norm and rigid gender division of labor. This study contributes to the literature on economic determinants of marital dissolution by documenting gender differences in the relationship between various employment types and the risk of divorce in South Korea. Findings of this study will also have important implications for family policies in South Korea.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-23T11:08:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardogervasiobastosvisser.pdf: 502074 bytes, checksum: ea791f50de41cf5e6cf791025dd9839d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-26T20:30:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardogervasiobastosvisser.pdf: 502074 bytes, checksum: ea791f50de41cf5e6cf791025dd9839d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:30:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardogervasiobastosvisser.pdf: 502074 bytes, checksum: ea791f50de41cf5e6cf791025dd9839d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-23 / O presente trabalho tem como empreendimento a compreensão de como algumas mudanças recentes no modo de operação do capitalismo têm relação com novos constrangimentos no mundo do trabalho. Assim, a pesquisa realizada com atendentes de telemarketing tem como função uma apreensão empírico-teórica de como se constrói uma condição precária de existência. Por trabalho (formal) precário entendese um tipo de trabalho específico, pois dificulta a estruturação minimamente estável da existência social, apesar de se estabelecerem vínculos formais de emprego. Este é precisamente o sentido de um emprego como o telemarketing no qual a permanência de um atendente é, em geral, de curta duração. Por outro lado, nos últimos anos ocorre um processo de “democratização” escolar cujo sentido foi o aumento da população escolarizada em termos absolutos. Este processo teve como efeito a injeção de uma força de trabalho de capital escolar socialmente desvalorizado (ou seja, precariamente qualificada) no mercado de trabalho. Estes “jovens” recém saídos do ensino médio vivem sob a necessidade de lidar primeiramente com os constrangimentos e urgências do mundo do trabalho. Esta força de trabalho constitui parte de uma nova classe trabalhadora, mais precisamente em sua fração precarizada, ao qual denominamos de batalhadores. / The present work aims to comprehend how the recent chances in capitalism affects and imposes new constrains to the world of labor. In order to have a precise perspective, the research on telemarketing was of special importance. Even if work relations are legal and formal, the singularity of telemarketing is that it constitutes a precarious social condition of existence. That is the meaning of the concept of precarious formal labor, which constrains the possibilities of a solid structuration of the social existence. In general, telemarketing is a job in which the worker „s permanence is very short. In the other way, there is, in the last years a process of school “democratization” which consequently increased the schooled population in absolute terms. This process injected a low qualified work force (that is, precariously qualified and with a socially devalued school capital) in the formal labor market, which in reality meant the constitution of precarious social condition. This occurs for the reason that this “young generation” lives under the need to deal, firstly, with the constrains and urgencies of the world of work. That‟s why they are part of a new working class denominated “Batalhadores”.

The increasingly punitive nature of immigration control across the Western world and the overrepresentation of foreign nationals in European prisons has revitalised criminological interest in issues of migration. Alessandro De Giorgi (2010: 153) and others contend that restrictive, 'illegalising' immigration admission policies and 'hyper-criminalising' immigration controls create a population of migrant workers on European territory, whose legal precarity makes them ideal fodder for employment in post-Fordist neoliberal labour markets. This thesis refines the neoliberal-materialist analysis of immigration policy, as described most succinctly by De Giorgi (2010), through a comparative case study of the UK and Germany. To this end, it explores the various economic, political and cultural factors that have driven the development of a punitive regulation of immigration in the two countries and compares immigration control practices. It also examines the ways in which immigration status siphons immigrants into precarious work and how this process occurs differently in the UK and Germany. An underlying concern is to examine the extent to which differences in the underlying labour markets of the two countries, as described in Hall and Soskice's (2001) Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) typology, structure differences in the processes outlined in the neoliberal-materialist analysis. While the development of immigration controls is motivated by a wide variety of factors outside of the labour market, the fact that motivating factors are largely shared among countries of the same VoC type suggests some relationship with the underlying economic structure. In addition, the thesis argues that foreigners are vulnerable to specific forms of workplace exploitation and social marginalisation in 'coordinated' Germany because of factors associated with the VoC – a finding that also has important connotations for understanding the more intense overrepresentation of foreign nationals in German prisons. At the same time, it highlights the importance of other cultural and social factors, unique to each country, in the politics of immigration. The final section reverses the previous line of the enquiry by examining whether immigration 'neoliberalises' industrial relations in Germany. It finds that immigration's effects depend, to a significant extent, on the degree to which foreigners are constructed as precarious workers through state policy. In turn, immigration policy's wider effects on the labour market suggest native workers might also have an interest in preventing the precaritisation of their immigrant counterparts. Finally, immigration status may become less and less important in understanding the exploitation of workers in Europe, as citizenship is associated with fewer rights.

A adolescência impõe novas exigências à família, que vivencia a angústia do esmaecimento de suas fronteiras daquelas que separam o nós dos outros, mas também das fronteiras no suceder das gerações. O intenso processo de afiliação do adolescente a outros grupos ameaça os pactos e alianças que garantiram a manutenção do grupo familiar. A capacidade de continência da família é fortemente requisitada, para que ela possa dar conta de acolher as transformações vivenciadas pelo adolescente. Cabe a ele/ela rever a separação entre si mesmo e os objetos primários, entre o eu e o outro, exigência que se efetiva pelo investimento no exterior. Deve, então, encontrar um lugar nos vínculos externos à família. Esta pesquisa buscou analisar como a problemática da separação do adolescente repercute no plano dos vínculos familiares e na relação com os espaços onde vive (casa, comunidade). Surgido das inquietações da autora em seu trabalho com adolescentes em situação de precariedade social, este estudo sustenta a hipótese de que a problemática da separação desses adolescentes ganha contornos particulares, relacionados às condições de vida, mas também à descoberta de que suas famílias e seu grupo social ocupam um lugar depreciado na sociedade. Para condução da pesquisa foram realizadas oito sessões em grupo (formado por onze adolescentes, entre 15 e 17 anos), conduzidas com base na técnica de grupo operativo de Pichon-Rivière. De acordo com a concepção psicanalítica do sujeito como sujeito do vínculo, a análise foi norteada pela consideração de algumas noções fundamentais, tais como alianças inconscientes e narcisismo grupal. Os adolescentes revelaram um intenso trabalho psíquico de elaboração em torno da questão do dentro e do fora da família, simultâneo a seu movimento em direção ao exterior. As suas falas indicaram que, para a família, o exterior figurava como uma ameaça aos pactos estabelecidos, representada pela sexualidade, em especial, e pelo risco de que o adolescente se envolvesse na violência presente na comunidade. Os adolescentes, por sua vez, revelaram a expectativa de obtenção de prazer no exterior de viverem os aspectos de seu íntimo, que não cabem no interior do grupo primário e, ao mesmo tempo, o receio quanto a um novo lugar social a ocupar. O exterior surgiu, também, como espaço de diferença e de experiência de humilhação social, vivenciada pelos adolescentes como portadores das marcas do estigma ligado a seu grupo e a sua comunidade. Em um movimento inconsciente de oposição às marcas sociais de rebaixamento, os marcos identificatórios de pertencimento dos adolescentes à comunidade foram fortalecidos, destacando-se o papel desta como espaço de continência. Concluímos que os adolescentes encontravam-se no caminho entre assegurarem seu lugar na comunidade como herdeira do vínculo e da identificação com a família e se projetarem para o exterior, como expressão da tentativa de desprenderem-se do vínculo familiar e re-criarem-se / Adolescence imposes new requirements on the family who then lives in dread of seeing its boundaries blurred and rubbed out its boundaries between us and the others as well as those framing its different generations. The adolescent\'s intense process of affiliation to other groups threatens the agreements and alliances made to hold the family group together. The family\'s containing function is then absolutely necessary to deal with the adolescent\'s transformations. The adolescent needs to reconsider the separation between himself/herself and primary objects, between his/her Self and the other that need being clearly expressed through his/her outward investment, commitment. He/She needs to find himself/herself a place to be and behave out of the family structure. This research is aimed at analyzing how the question of separation for adolescents impacts their family links, connections and relationship with their living places (home, community). Resulting from its author\'s questions and observations raised while working with teenagers in precarious living conditions, this study supports the hypothesis that the question of separation is experienced differently by those who have \"realized\" that their families and groups are socially speaking badly considered. From this perspective, eight group sessions (made up of eleven 15- to 17-year-old adolescents) were conducted according to Pichon-Rivière\'s operative group framework. In accordance with the psychoanalytic concept of the subject as the \"subject of the link\", this analysis is based on certain essential notions such as the ones of \"unconscious alliance/s\" and \"collective (or group) narcissism\". The interviewed adolescents showed a real effort to reflect on the question of the family\'s inside and outside that question being parallel to their outward movement. They expressed that their families viewed the outside as a threat to their established alliances, a threat notably embodied by sexuality and by the risk of seeing \"their\" adolescent take part in the surrounding community\'s violence. Regarding their own opinion of the outside, those adolescents revealed both their expectation of experiencing pleasure that is the pleasure of getting to know and to experience their intimate, inner aspects, unconceivable within their primary group and the fear of occupying a new social place. The family\'s outside also turned out to be considered as a space of difference and social humiliation experienced by those teenagers bearing their group\'s and community\'s marks. Though through an unconscious movement of opposition to those derogatory marks, the adolescents actually reinforced their community\'s identificatory traits, thus highlighting the function of the latter, that is to be a containing space. In conclusion, those adolescents were met \"half way\", both on their way to ensure themselves a place in their community which inherits the link and family identification and to project themselves outwards, as if to \"get loose\" from the family connection and reconstitute themselves

Muito se fala sobre os problemas do cotidiano escolar, o fracasso escolar e sobre os alunos considerados problemas. Pouco discutimos sobre as práticas pedagógicas cotidianas no interior das escolas. Menor ênfase ainda é dada ao relato dos jovens sobre suas vivências escolares e os modos como as experimentam. Com o intuito de analisar esta temática, abordamos o assunto a partir de uma pesquisa realizada no site da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES - em que percebemos que os alunos têm sido pouco ouvidos e que as publicações acadêmicas focalizam em geral \"sujeitos\" advindos das classes mais pobres e dos bairros periféricos. O inusitado do presente estudo refere-se à sua localização: um bairro de classe média na cidade de São Paulo. Procuramos ouvir, observar e analisar um grupo de jovens que diariamente permanece na porta de uma escola pública de ensino fundamental e médio, os quais, a princípio, imaginávamos não estudarem mais. Com o decorrer do trabalho de campo, apreendemos que eles ainda são matriculados na escola e que, em alguns dias, entram e assistem às aulas: \"Dependendo do professor\", segundo suas próprias palavras. Nos demais dias, ficam na entrada da escola, conversando, tocando violão e fumando. No processo de compreender o que permeia este ato de \"ficar na porta\" descobrimos que se trata de uma resistência em abandonar de vez a instituição. É importante destacar que as autoridades escolares passam por eles diariamente sem demonstram interesse algum em reinseri-los em seus papéis de alunos freqüentes à escola. E eles, por sua vez, participam ativamente do jogo quando lhes convém. Prática esta que aprenderam dentro da escola quando seus professores os retiravam da sala de aula e eles ficavam livres para estar onde quisessem. Práticas como estas compõe o que denominamos de processo de escolarização precária . Este estudo apresenta algumas contribuições relacionadas a este processo. / There is much talk about the problems in the everyday life of schools, about school failure and the so-called troublesome students, but very little has been discussed about the pedagogical practices inside schools. Little attention has been given to the youngsters\' accounts of their school experiences and their way of going through them. With the purpose of analysing this latter issue, we initiate our study with a bibliographical search inside the CAPES academic resources website - in which we noticed that the presence of the students´ voice in the published research is minimal, and that the academic studies have largely focused on the subjects of the poorer urban neighbourhoods. The new element in our study refers to the locus in which it was carried out: a middle class neighbourhood in São Paulo city. We tried to observe, to listen to and to analyse a group of youngsters that used to hang around the gateway of a public primary and secondary school. We thought initially that they were out of school. During the fieldwork we learned that they were still enrolled at the school and that some days they come in to attend the classes: In their own words: \"It depends on the teacher\". On the other days they stay at the gateway, lingering, playing guitar and smoking. In the process of understanding what was underlying their act of \"staying at the school gateway\" we realized that it was a way of resisting to definitively abandoning the institution. It is important to notice that the school authorities pass by them on a daily basis and do not show any interest in bringing them back to their place as regular students. And the students, in their turn, take active part in this game, as long as it is convenient for them. A practice they learned inside the school, when their teachers put them out of the classroom freeing them to be wherever they wanted. Practices such as that comprise what we denominate here the process of precarious schooling. This study presents contributions related to this process.

O presente estudo analisa o deslocamento e inserção de imigrantes comerciantes na cidade de São Paulo a partir das histórias de vida de peruanos trabalhadores ambulantes na Feirinha da Madrugada no bairro do Brás. Partindo do depoimento dos entrevistados, assim como das observações de campo à feirinha, dos espaços de lazer e atividades de tempo livre, procurou-se conhecer as diversas dimensões do vivido em contexto de imigração, tendo como principais eixos de análise a questão do trabalho precário, direito à moradia e lazer. Procura-se, contudo contribuir para o conhecimento do fenômeno migratório contemporâneo no Brasil dando um rosto mais humano à abordagem da realidade dos milhares de pessoas que se deslocam em busca de melhores condições de vida, reconhecendo-os como indivíduos sociais, de direito e protagonistas da sua própria história. / The present study analyzes the displacement and insertion of commercial immigrants in the city of São Paulo from the life stories of Peruvian mobile workers at Midnight Fair in the district of Brás. Based on the interviewees\' testimony, as well as the field observations to the fair, recreation spaces and free time activities, we sought to know the different dimensions of the lived in immigration context, having as main axes of analysis the issue of precarious work , right to housing and leisure. It seeks to contribute to the knowledge of the contemporary migratory phenomenon in Brazil giving a more humane face in approaching the reality of the thousands of people who move in search of better living conditions, recognizing them as social individuals, in law and protagonists of its own history.

A presente dissertação se dedica a mapear a organização do trabalho na atual cadeia produtiva do audiovisual na cidade de São Paulo, por meio da análise das atuais formas de produção do cinema e do atual modelo de financiamento do setor, com o objetivo de evidenciar seus principais elos e suas principais vulnerabilidades. Um setor identificado como vulnerável, porém, pouco evidenciado, está localizado no início da cadeia produtiva o desenvolvimento de projetos. Essa etapa, que inicia todo o processo do filme, está muito centrada na figura de um profissional o roteirista. Portanto, esta pesquisa está centrada na identificação da vulnerabilidade desse profissional, em suas relações de trabalho e seus níveis de relacionamento, em sua influência nos outros setores da cadeia produtiva, como também, na atual condição de trabalho que lhe é ofertada. Foram identificadas três questões centrais para justificar a atual vulnerabilidade da profissão de roteirista, que se desmembram em outros apontamentos, são elas: a disputa de autoria entre diretor e escritor no final dos anos 60 (cinema e literatura), as relações flexíveis impostas pelo novo modelo de trabalho apoiado na lógica da intermitência e fragmentação e por último, a falta de organização do profissional de roteiro enquanto categoria. / This thesis aims at drawing a map of the current state of the audiovisual industry productive chain in the city of São Paulo. I shall analyse the current forms of film production and the sector\'s funding model, seeking to outline its most relevant nodes and its main vulnerabilities. One particular aspect that has been identified as vulnerable, while rarely identified, is located at the beginning of the productive chain: project development. This stage, which upstarts the whole film process, is very centered on one sole professional: the writer. Therefore, this research is oriented at the identification of vulnerabilities pertaining to this professional in particular, in their work relations and levels of relationship, in their influence on other sectors of the production chain, as well as in the current working conditions offered to them. Three main questions have been identified, which explain the current vulnerability of the writer profession. These questions are developed into other remarks. The three questions are namely: the dispute surrounding authorship, between director and writer, at the end of the 1960s (cinema and literature); the flexible relations imposed by the new working model supported by the logic of precariousness and fragmentation; and the lack of professional organizations among writers as a social category.