A presente dissertação se dedica a mapear a organização do trabalho na atual cadeia produtiva do audiovisual na cidade de São Paulo, por meio da análise das atuais formas de produção do cinema e do atual modelo de financiamento do setor, com o objetivo de evidenciar seus principais elos e suas principais vulnerabilidades. Um setor identificado como vulnerável, porém, pouco evidenciado, está localizado no início da cadeia produtiva o desenvolvimento de projetos. Essa etapa, que inicia todo o processo do filme, está muito centrada na figura de um profissional o roteirista. Portanto, esta pesquisa está centrada na identificação da vulnerabilidade desse profissional, em suas relações de trabalho e seus níveis de relacionamento, em sua influência nos outros setores da cadeia produtiva, como também, na atual condição de trabalho que lhe é ofertada. Foram identificadas três questões centrais para justificar a atual vulnerabilidade da profissão de roteirista, que se desmembram em outros apontamentos, são elas: a disputa de autoria entre diretor e escritor no final dos anos 60 (cinema e literatura), as relações flexíveis impostas pelo novo modelo de trabalho apoiado na lógica da intermitência e fragmentação e por último, a falta de organização do profissional de roteiro enquanto categoria. / This thesis aims at drawing a map of the current state of the audiovisual industry productive chain in the city of São Paulo. I shall analyse the current forms of film production and the sector\'s funding model, seeking to outline its most relevant nodes and its main vulnerabilities. One particular aspect that has been identified as vulnerable, while rarely identified, is located at the beginning of the productive chain: project development. This stage, which upstarts the whole film process, is very centered on one sole professional: the writer. Therefore, this research is oriented at the identification of vulnerabilities pertaining to this professional in particular, in their work relations and levels of relationship, in their influence on other sectors of the production chain, as well as in the current working conditions offered to them. Three main questions have been identified, which explain the current vulnerability of the writer profession. These questions are developed into other remarks. The three questions are namely: the dispute surrounding authorship, between director and writer, at the end of the 1960s (cinema and literature); the flexible relations imposed by the new working model supported by the logic of precariousness and fragmentation; and the lack of professional organizations among writers as a social category.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:21:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ligia Alves de Oliveira.pdf: 5814906 bytes, checksum: 7b49da1a0657ebc20ca12909cf25b101 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-17 / The urban precariousness is here understood as a fragile condition in the city, even though inserted into urban fabric the basic infrastructure isn‟t something that can be guaranteed. Throughout this work we try to determine items that contribute to the formation and perpetuation of the precariousness of a given area through historical surveys, field research, secondary data collection and monitoring the implementation of Urbanization Plan of União de Vila Nova, tracing comments on the intervention performed and on the importance of integrated urban plans. / A precariedade urbana aqui é entendida como uma condição frágil na cidade, ou seja, mesmo inserida no tecido urbano o acesso às infraestruturas básicas não são garantidos. Ao longo deste trabalho procuramos levantar itens que colaboram com a formação e perpetuação da precariedade de uma determinada área, através de levantamentos históricos, pesquisa de campo, levantamento de dados secundários, e acompanhamento da execução de Plano de Urbanização de União de Vila Nova, traçando comentários sobre a intervenção realizada e sobre a importância de planos integrados.

Men’s underrepresentation in the female-dominated domains of healthcare, early education, and the domestic sphere, or HEED roles, remains a persistent problem despite the fact that such careers often afford more job security and wage growth than blue-collar work. A growing body of evidence suggests that their lack of participation in HEED roles is not merely due to a skills mismatch, but rather an identity mismatch. I hypothesized that using descriptive and injunctive norms to reframe a stereotypically feminine career as more compatible with manhood could effectively reduce this identity mismatch. More specifically, I predicted that using a dynamic descriptive norm framing that highlighted the growing number of men taking on a female-dominated career and an injunctive norm framing that highlighted its compatibility with men’s gender rules would increase men’s interest in the occupation. Furthermore, I believed that such framings would be particularly effective among men who are highly communal and those who do not strongly endorse traditional male role norms. To test my predictions, 342 men took part in an online study in which they were assigned to read a newspaper article about a HEED role, nursing, that was designed to manipulate the perceived prevalence of male nurses and the job’s compatibility with male gender rules. Then, they completed a variety of measures designed to assess their interest in and perceptions of nursing and other HEED careers. Minimal support was found for my hypotheses, and I discuss limitations and future directions to shed light on these null results.

Cette recherche est née d’une interrogation sur les décalages existants entre la forme, le statut de propriété et l’usage du foncier non bâti, à l’origine d’une catégorie d’espaces communément nommés les délaissés urbains. Nous nous sommes interrogés sur l’introduction d’une notion, le tiers foncier, qui permettrait de définir cet état transitoire du foncier échappant aux cadres de la ville normée. Pour la fonder, nous avons croisé l'analyse de ses formes, statuts et usages, dans le centre et la périphérie de Marseille. Il s’agissait de questionner les corrélations possibles entre les contextes morphologiques et sociaux. Le tiers foncier est apparu comme le support de plusieurs enjeux, en particulier l’habitat précaire, l’espace collectif et la biodiversité. Parallèlement, nous nous sommes interrogés sur les rapports de force, les négociations, les stratégies, tactiques et initiatives à l’œuvre et, delà, sur l’introduction de manières d’agir. Pour cela, nous avons mis en œuvre des procédures de recherche-action. Cette recherche identifie le tiers foncier non comme « un vide à remplir par du projet », mais plutôt comme l’un des constituants de la ville d’aujourd’hui, support d’un développement urbain informel qui ne fige pas la parcelle dans une forme pérenne, mais qui la fait évoluer en fonction des actions de transformation mises en œuvre par les citadins, des décisions prises par les propriétaires et des aléas budgétaires. In fine, l’un des enjeux majeurs du tiers foncier consiste à explorer des chemins de traverse qui permettraient le développement de processus d’appropriation, sans pour autant contribuer à la réduction des marges de manœuvres des citadins. / This research questions the inconsistencies between form, regulatory status and use of land, more precisely of freehold. These inconsistencies can create abandoned and neglected spaces. The persistence of this phenomenon demonstrates the necessity of inventing new words to define new mechanisms. In this perspective, I introduce the notion of tiers foncier (third freehold), which can be defined as a transitional state of land, evading the standards established in the regulated city. To define the tiers foncier, I analyzed its forms, status and uses, in the center and the periphery of Marseille. The comparison highlights singular situations: morphological, regulatory and social, in relation to the context (territory and actors). This analysis, based on an intensive (6 cases) and an extensive (scale of Marseille) survey shows that the tiers foncier is marked by several issues: precarious habitat, collective space and biodiversity. In parallel, I analyzed power relations, negotiations, strategies, tactics, and initiatives in these contexts. On this basis, I have been looking for ways of acting on the tiers foncier. For that, I chose to develop action research processes and to analyze their effects. It shows how and why the tiers foncier can be an opportunity to experiment participatory projects or, on the contrary, how and why such efforts failed. This research identifies the tiers foncier not as an empty space to fill up, but as an element of the city which supports an informal urban development. Finally, a major challenge of the tiers foncier is to explore how to allow the development of processes of appropriation, without reducing the margins of manoeuvre of citizens.

This thesis begins by revisiting and building on themes of labour market segmentation, with particular reference given to Marx's seminal account of segmentation in Capital, Vol.1 (Chapter 25). Marx distinguishes between an active army - the stable full-time employed - and the relative surplus population - the precariously employed reserve army and the residual surplus - and suggests further fragmentation of these main groups into sub-strata. Marx's perspective of segmentation is grounded in fragments of a general theory of employment that, as a long-term tendency, identifies continual advances in constant capital that abolish work and proliferate the reserve army. This thesis builds on these themes by formulating a concept, the 'transference dynamic', which underpins a general theory of employment segmentation. A short history of segmentation under capitalism traces recent phases of development in both developed and lesser-developed nations. Stress is placed on the role of political configurations that regulate capitalism in ways that can either counter the general tendency, such is the case under the Fordist model of capitalism, or strengthen its logic. The theory of employment segmentation and the lessons drawn from the historical account are spliced together with an analysis of the contemporary phase of capitalism, labelled here as the neoliberal model of development. It is demonstrated that the coercive international regulatory dynamic of the neoliberal model reasserts and extends the competitive principle of the capitalist mode of production. Through this extension, nations are transformed into competition-states vying for scarce and globally mobile capital to operate on their shores - the primary source of national prosperity and employment - by implementing capital-friendly neoliberalized policy. This analysis of neoliberal global capitalism reveals an expanding surplus population within a context of deepening international segmentation. This employment crisis is expressed as a hierarchy of nations that is determined in part by their uneven development. Those at the bottom of the hierarchy, comprising a majority portion of the world's population, contain a massive reserve army and residual surplus population unincorporated into wage-based capitalism, without any obvious support of means of life and with little hope for the future. Finally, mainstream solutions are criticized for failing to address either long-run or contemporary drivers of the employment crisis. In response, this thesis pitches a project of multi-faceted radical reform that counter-regulates capitalism by adopting a combination of local, national, regional and global forms of democratic socialist governance.

This thesis focuses on one of the most appreciated products of the Turkish Television, the TV Series&#039 / production and labor process. Starting from the fact that the production side of this highly attention gathering media product hasn&#039 / t received too much academic concern, by analyzing the workers of the sector, this point is tried to be illuminated. This thesis that analyzes TV series&#039 / working conditions in the perspective of &ldquo / precarious employment&rdquo / departing from this framework, argues the workers of the industry are fragmented into two groups, &ldquo / creative&rdquo / and &ldquo / technical&rdquo / workers. In this context it indicates the creative workers not only as not being affected from the precarious employment conditions too much but also as the executor of the technical workers&#039 / experience of precariousness in the production level.

Although evidence of health inequities abound, why people in lower socio-economic classes have poorer health has not been sufficiently explored. The purpose of this study is to examine day labourers’ pathways to health inequities in a segregated, urban district in Japan. Critical ethnography was employed to investigate day labourers’ social environments and cultural behaviours in order to reveal the ways that social inequalities embedded in mainstream society and the day labourers’ sub-culture produce and sustain day labourers’ disadvantages, leading them into poorer health than the average population. Data were collected through observations of day labourer’s daily activities, events within the district and their interactions with social workers at a hospital. In addition, interviews were conducted with 16 day labourers and 11 professionals and advocates. The study found several components in the pathways to health inequities of day labourers. First, certain people in Japan are ostracized from the social, economic and political mainstream due to an inability to enact traditional Japanese labour practices. Commonly such exclusions make men become day labourers to survive. In a day labourer district, they are exposed to further social inequalities embedded in the work system and their living circumstance. Living and working as a member of the day labour community, they develop collective strategies in order to survive and preserve their social identities as day labourers. However, such strategies do not provide people with opportunities to lead healthy lives. The study also identified several social determinants of health for day labourers, including: 1) employment, 2) working conditions, 3) temporary living, 4) housing quality, 5) social networks and support, 6) marginalized neighbourhood, 7) access to health care, and 8) gender. The findings contribute to a better understanding of social construction of health inequities, which provides insight on the impact of precarious work in the Japanese society at large. Implications of these findings for public health policy and practice are also discussed.

Although evidence of health inequities abound, why people in lower socio-economic classes have poorer health has not been sufficiently explored. The purpose of this study is to examine day labourers’ pathways to health inequities in a segregated, urban district in Japan. Critical ethnography was employed to investigate day labourers’ social environments and cultural behaviours in order to reveal the ways that social inequalities embedded in mainstream society and the day labourers’ sub-culture produce and sustain day labourers’ disadvantages, leading them into poorer health than the average population. Data were collected through observations of day labourer’s daily activities, events within the district and their interactions with social workers at a hospital. In addition, interviews were conducted with 16 day labourers and 11 professionals and advocates. The study found several components in the pathways to health inequities of day labourers. First, certain people in Japan are ostracized from the social, economic and political mainstream due to an inability to enact traditional Japanese labour practices. Commonly such exclusions make men become day labourers to survive. In a day labourer district, they are exposed to further social inequalities embedded in the work system and their living circumstance. Living and working as a member of the day labour community, they develop collective strategies in order to survive and preserve their social identities as day labourers. However, such strategies do not provide people with opportunities to lead healthy lives. The study also identified several social determinants of health for day labourers, including: 1) employment, 2) working conditions, 3) temporary living, 4) housing quality, 5) social networks and support, 6) marginalized neighbourhood, 7) access to health care, and 8) gender. The findings contribute to a better understanding of social construction of health inequities, which provides insight on the impact of precarious work in the Japanese society at large. Implications of these findings for public health policy and practice are also discussed.

What do art workers, nuns and care workers have in common? How can these commonalities be conceptualised from the perspective of feminist Marxism? How would such conceptualisation open up intersectional and transversal perspectives for social movements struggling against precariousness? Departing from an auto-ethnographic account on activist experiences originating from the art workers’ movement in Tallinn, this thesis aims to theorise the intersection of precarious labour and gender. By using the thinking technology of diffractive reading, it places the debates around unwaged labour within art and care sector into the context of autonomist Marxist thinking. Furthermore, affinities and entanglements between feminist politics and the struggles of precarious workers are configured and imagined, in order to interlink and converge spatially and temporally isolated resistive practices that are constructed from the experience of unwaged and precarious workers.

A substantial body of literature links precarious employment with increased exposure to occupational hazards and adverse OHS outcomes. While a majority of these studies has found that precarious work has adverse effects on OHS outcomes, findings are more mixed with regard to temporary employment (the focus of this study), and there are still many gaps in the research that have yet to be addressed. Various models have been proposed in an attempt to explain the causal mechanisms behind the health effects of precarious employment. However, relatively few studies have empirically investigated these mechanisms. There is also a dearth of research on the effects of precarious work on OHS outcomes in parts of the service sector, such as hospitality, despite the fact that these industries make extensive use of precarious work arrangements. Further, few studies have been based on international comparative data (and even fewer where the focus has been on a particular industry). This thesis seeks to address these gaps by investigating OHS outcomes of hotel workers engaged under different employment arrangements in Ireland and Australia. There are two principle objectives to the study. The first is to examine OHS outcomes, while the second is to test and refine the Quinlan, Mayhew and Bohle (2001) Three Factor Model in an attempt to explain the links between health and precarious employment. It also aims to enhance the understanding of the mechanisms by which these factors interact to influence outcomes. This study defines and tests a health and injury structural model. The structural equation modelling techniques employed have not been used in previous studies in this area and provide a clearer portrayal of the complex relationships between the many variables affecting the OHS of precarious employees in the hotel industry. The OHS outcomes range from exposure to occupational violence and stress to a wide variety of debilitating physical ailments. This research also highlights several indirect or spillover effects of precarious employment. The inconsistencies between both locations are mainly regarding perceived job security, economic and reward pressures and lack of control over working hours. Despite these differences, there are basic similarities between the locations that are important.