Over the past three decades, the workforce has become more age-diverse, leading organizations to recognize the importance of supporting the well-being, motivation, health, and productivity of older workers. Previous research has highlighted the challenges faced by older workers, including ageism, health declines, financial constraints on retirement, and caregiving responsibilities. However, the literature often treats older workers as a homogeneous group, neglecting the significant heterogeneity within this population. This study addressed this gap by adopting a person-centered approach to investigate the diverse experiences of older workers. By leveraging the Psychology of Working Theory (PWT) as a conceptual framework, this study examined how different combinations of working conditions (i.e., job insecurity, income inadequacy, lack of work protections, and vulnerability to mistreatment) relate to psychological constructs and work-related outcomes among older workers. Data were collected from 549 workers over the age of 50 (M=59.24, SD=5.85) within the United States and analyzed using latent profile analysis. The results identified four distinct profiles of older workers: Unprecarious, Bridge Workers, Detached, and Precarious. The profiles were qualitatively and quantitatively different, with the Unprecarious profile characterized by low levels of all indicator variables, and the Precarious profile characterized by high levels of all indicator variables. Detached participants reported feeling stuck in their jobs, and Bridge Workers reported high income inadequacy and feeling unprotected at work, but low job insecurity and vulnerability to mistreatment. Unprecarious participants reported the highest levels of need satisfaction, well- being, and life satisfaction, and the Precarious participants reported the lowest levels on all outcomes, with the Bridge Workers and Detached participants in between. Overall, this study sheds light on the heterogeneity within the older worker population and highlights the importance of considering various combinations of working conditions in understanding their experiences, thus advancing our understanding of this diverse segment of the workforce. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

This thesis extends prior research on LGBT caregivers and carer-employees by employing a mixed-methods approach to investigate the intersecting factors of identity, employment type, and geographical location on the experiences of Two-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (2SLGBTQ+) caregivers in Canada. These caregivers are broadly absent from both the carer-employee and LGBT caregiving literature, and this dissertation offers an initial attempt to correct this. It begins with a quantitative study involving 2SLGBTQ+ carer-employees, assessing how their identity and experiences of discrimination influence their quality of life, work life, and willingness to seek workplace accommodations for caregiving responsibilities. Subsequently, a qualitative component delves into how employment type shapes these experiences, with a particular focus on how insecure customer service workers and those employed in unionized pink-collar work navigate work-care conflicts. This section also examines the impact of non-traditional caregiving dynamics on the ability of these caregivers to navigate such conflicts. Lastly, it explores how past and current experiences of discrimination, non-conventional relationships, and geographical location affect the capacity of 2SLGBTQ+ carer-employees to interact with healthcare providers and advocate for their care recipients. This research offers a substantial contribution by bringing to the forefront a hitherto unaddressed population. The existing body of literature on carer-employees has overlooked the specific challenges faced by 2SLGBTQ+ carer-employees, and the LGBT caregiving literature has similarly overlooked the role of employment in shaping the experiences of these caregivers. Furthermore, it underscores the significance of geographical location for 2SLGBTQ+ caregivers in rural and remote areas and highlights the experiences of midlife and younger caregivers, particularly those providing care for individuals experiencing severe mental illness. It concludes with discussions of the policy implications of this research. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis examines and explores the experiences of Two-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (2SLGBTQ+) carer-employees in Canada. These caregivers balance their unpaid care work with their paid employment, and face barriers when navigating care and work that are related to their 2SLGBTQ+ identity. Building on research that has identified that LGBT caregivers have unique needs and characteristics, and on research that highlights that individuals attempting to balance unpaid care work with paid employment face significant challenges when attempting to do so, this research brings these two fields together to examine how 2SLGBTQ+ identity impacts these experiences. In particular, it highlights that these caregivers experience poorer quality of life and worklife, that type of work and non-traditional caregiving dynamics may leave these caregivers more vulnerable to negative consequences associated with work-care conflicts, and that experiences of discrimination and concerns regarding confidentiality and anonymity for rural and northern 2SLGBTQ+ caregivers shape their ability to successfully navigate healthcare systems.

No description available.

yes / International tourism is now the predominant industry driving growth in many small island developing states (SIDS). Governments of small islands in the Indian Ocean, Caribbean and Pacific have seemingly put most of their eggs into one development basket – the all-inclusive holiday in a luxury hotel, resort or cruise ship. While this industry generates employment, foreign direct investment, and income for island governments and the private sector, it also brings with it dependencies which are borne from the transnational ownership of these all-inclusive accommodations, the risks from exogenous factors – many of which are tied to the wider security of the global system – as well as the domestic economies in the source markets in Europe and North America. We reflect upon these dependencies and risks through a case study of the Seychelles based on fieldwork research conducted in 2012. Our findings highlight that the international tourism industry in the Seychelles – even in a situation of high or growing demand – creates structurally driven precarity for tourism workers who are predominantly low paid, low-skilled, and increasingly recruited from overseas. These findings provide new evidence that contributes to the growing research into tourism in IPE. Our findings highlight the precarious condition of labour in this fast growing service sector of the world economy and in so doing also adds much needed empirical insights from the South to recent debates about an emerging precariat in contemporary capitalism.

Yes / This paper argues for the need to reconsider the changing nature of in-work poverty (IWP). In doing so, we present evidence not included in current debates or statistics, of people working in more than one job, yet still experiencing IWP. Using the dynamic theory of poverty and a qualitative approach, we identify various structural constraints that sustain cycles of IWP. This highlights the multi-dimensionalities of poverty, incorporating the temporalities, types and depths of IWP. Our evidence demonstrates how poverty is experienced and individualised and also how it is created and sustained through paid work, rather than being challenged by it.

With starting point in current housing policy debates in Sweden, where the deregulated rental market in Finland is used as an example of a better functioning housing market, this thesis aims to investigate if this image is shared by the Finnish experts in rental housing related questions. Based on eight semi-structured interviews, the precarious living conditions on the Finnish rental housing market are revealed and discussed in relation to the theoretical framework of housing inequality. Finland’s market liberal approach to housing provision has created good conditions for investing in housing that is reflected on the supply of rental housing on the private sector. Rental apartments on this sector are small, referred to as ‘tube studios’ and ‘suicide studios’, unaffordable for many, and the legal framework provides little security for the tenants causing uncertainty about the future. Furthermore, a number of reforms are currently being carried out to decrease state support in providing affordable housing and access to social housing, referred to as ARA-housing, is to be limited for the worst-off population. In light of these results this thesis aims to provide an alternative image to the market dominated discourse and argues that behind the numbers of constructed units and vacancy rates, a wide range of precarious housing conditions exist. This precarity affects first and foremost residents on private sector and is expected to become a bigger issue and impact a greater number of people in the future when the political reforms currently under way are rolled out.

This paper analyses the experiences of Paraguayan migrant women in Greater La Plata, Argentina, from the Intersectional Feminist Theory. Through in-depth interviews with nine Paraguayan migrant women, this study analyses how the intersecting factors influence and shape the realities of these women. The analysed factors are gender dynamics, economic vulnerability, low levels of education, precarious employments, dependence on social assistance, linguistic discrimination and xenophobia. Furthermore, considering the unique socioeconomic uncertainties that occurred in Argentina at the time of the interviews and the already vulnerable position the Paraguayan migrant women find themselves in, this paper also analyses their adaptation strategies. This study thus contributes to the field by providing a holistic perspective of the multilayered factors that contribute to the discrimination, oppression and marginalization of Paraguayan migrant women in Argentina.

No description available.

El presente informe es del expediente No 34649-2014-0-1801-JR-CI-32 en materia civil sobre una demanda desalojo por ocupante precario, en el cual se discutirá un título que justifique la posesión para proceder o no con el desalojo. El caso inicia cuando el señor Zenobio Mesa Espinoza demanda a su hermano Víctor Mesa Espinoza, por que este ultimo viene poseyendo de forma indebida el segundo piso al no tener un título para poseer y no pagar renta. No obstante, el demandado alega ser propietario de todo el bien inmueble en virtud a ello presenta diversos medios probatorios (Copias del DNI, Certificado de Acta de matrimonio, Partidas de nacimientos de sus hijos, recibos de luz, arbitrios e impuestos prediales, etc.) e incluso una demanda por prescripción adquisitiva de dominio en virtud a estas pruebas, los presentes documentos no generan convicción en el juez de tener un título que justifique la posesión: asimismo, señala que la demanda por prescripción alegada ha sido rechazada y archivada. En virtud a lo expuesto, la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la República resuelve señalando que si existe un título para poseer por parte del demandado, ya que cuando el demandante indica que “ayudo a su hermano viva con él” se configuro un derecho de uso sobre el inmueble y , por tanto, debe resolverse el contrato de conformidad al artículo 1365 del Código Civil. / This report is from No. 34649-2014-0-1801-JR-CI-32 in civil matters about a complaint of eviction for precarious occupant, in wich will be discuss a title that justifi the posession to proceed or no with the eviction. The case begins when Mr. Zenobio Mesa Espinoza sues his brother Victor Mesa Espinoza, because the latter has been improperly possessing the second flooor by not having a title to own and not paying rent. However, the defendant claima to be the owner of all the real estate by that, the presents various means of proof (Copies of DNI, Certificate of marriege, birth certificates of his children, electricity bills, taxes and property taxes,etc.) and even a claim for acquisitive prescription of ownership as consequence of these evidence, but these documents don´t generate conviction in the judge of having a title that justifies possession: also indicates that the complaint for alleged the prescription has been rejected and filed. Therefore, the Supreme Court of Justice of the Republic decides that if there is a title to possess by the defendant, since when the plaintiff indicates that “ I helped my brother to live with me” a right of use is set up on the property and, as consequence, the contract must be resolved in accordance with article 1365 of the Civil Code. / Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

[pt] Esta dissertação é resultado de um estudo sobre a percepção que os atores envolvidos no processo de terceirização de serviços, no Brasil, têm acerca do tema. Exploramos o papel da terceirização na precarização do trabalho no Brasil a partir de depoimentos de representantes de centrais sindicais, acadêmicos, lideranças do Legislativo nacional responsáveis pela autoria de Projetos de Lei que buscam um marco regulatório para a matéria, representantes do Judiciário trabalhista brasileiro e de representantes do SAAE-RJ – Sindicato dos Auxiliares de Administração Escolar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Buscamos, também, entrevistas editadas na mídia digital, além de propostas de participação enviadas aos atores, e em pesquisa realizada com 07 (sete) membros da diretoria do SAAE-RJ. Procuramos saber quais são os elementos fundamentais desse processo de terceirização e quais são suas consequências para a construção da subjetividade desses trabalhadores para o fortalecimento/enfraquecimento do movimento sindical no Brasil e para a normatização do respeito aos direitos do trabalhador no país. Além disso, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema. Os resultados da pesquisa nos mostram que não existe consenso sobre os caminhos regulatórios para o tema a serem seguidos pelas mais variadas centrais sindicais. Apontam, ainda, que entre os dois Projetos de Lei em tramitação no Congresso Nacional existe um contraponto que pode ser assim explicitado: projeto de lei dos empresários x projeto de lei dos trabalhadores. A investigação nos mostra, ainda, que existe uma disputa acadêmica sobre o tema: parcela dos estudiosos é contrária a qualquer tipo de terceirização; outra parcela defende que a terceirização é irreversível e que deverá ser criado um marco regulatório flexível; e, ainda, uma terceira parcela que credita à terceirização de serviços no Brasil as baixas taxas de desemprego vigentes, mas aponta para as precárias condições dos trabalhadores e os baixos salários. A pesquisa no SAAE-RJ demonstra que o processo de precarização determinado pela terceirização visa fundamentalmente a redução de custos com a força de trabalho e a fragmentação dos trabalhadores. Contudo, indica que o movimento sindical resiste. / [en] This dissertation is the result of a study on the perception that the characters involved in outsourcing services, in Brazil, have on the subject. We explore the role of outsourcing in precarious jobs in Brazil from testimonials of representatives in trade unions, academics, , Leaders of the national legislative responsible for authorship of Law Projects seeking a regulatory framework for the area, Brazilian labor representatives of the judiciary and representatives of SAAE-RJ – Sindicato dos Auxiliares de Administração Escolar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. We also seek interviews edited in digital media, in addition to participation proposals sent to stakeholders, and a survey conducted with 07 (seven) members of the board of SAAE-RJ. We seek to know what are the key elements of this outsourcing process and what are its consequences for the construction of the subjectivity of these workers for strengthening / weakening of the labor movement in Brazil and the normalization on respect for worker rights in the country. Furthermore, we performed a literature search on the topic. The survey results show us that there is no consensus on the regulatory pathways for the theme to be followed by various labor unions. Also a report that between the two Law Projects pending in Congress there is a counterpoint that can be as well explained as: Law Project of entrepreneurs versus Law Project of workers. The investigation shows further that there is an academic dispute on the subject: part of scholars is against any kind of outsourcing; another part argues that outsourcing is irreversible and should be created a regulatory flexible framework; and, furthermore, a third part who credits the outsourcing services in Brazil the lowest unemployment rates in force, but it does highlight the precarious conditions of workers and low wages. The research in SAAE-RJ demonstrates that the process of precariousness determined by outsourcing aims primarily to reduce costs with the labor force and fragmentation of workers. However, it indicates that the union movement resists.