CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A presente dissertaÃÃo à fruto de uma investigaÃÃo com foco na compreensÃo e anÃlise da atividade empreendedora de trabalhadores de pequeno porte envolvidos no segmento de alimentaÃÃo na rua, e a discussÃo da vulnerabilidade caracterÃstica de seu espaÃo laboral que acaba os aproximando de um trabalho caracteristicamente precÃrio. A perspectiva empreendedora tem se difundido no Brasil nas Ãltimas dÃcadas como o caminho para quem busca desenvolvimento e sucesso profissional. Assim, boa parcela dos brasileiros tem se deslocado para trabalhos por conta prÃpria, normalmente mais volÃteis e imprevisÃveis. Questiona-se aqui de que maneira a realidade laboral do pequeno empreendedor se situa na mesma perspectiva de trabalho precÃrio, sem direitos e garantias, pautado numa lÃgica da flexibilizaÃÃo, intensificaÃÃo e exploraÃÃo do trabalho e do trabalhador. A pesquisa realizada à de natureza qualitativa, de modo que foi possÃvel compreender de forma mais ampla a experiÃncia laboral de cada sujeito e, de modo mais pontual, sua experiÃncia na atividade que desempenha. Buscou-se selecionar um instrumental adequado para a natureza do estudo, sendo realizado o seguinte percurso metodolÃgico: realizaÃÃo de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e AnÃlise de ConteÃdo como recurso de tratamento dos dados construÃdos nessas entrevistas. Buscou-se, desse modo, uma aproximaÃÃo da realidade do pequeno empreendedor, sob a perspectiva de seu prÃprio discurso, e a compreensÃo das peculiaridades de sua atividade e dos impactos psicossociais advindos de processos de trabalho tipicamente precÃrios.

Sexual harassment in the workplace is both illegal discrimination under human rights law and a part of the everyday experiences of women working in the full-service restaurant industry in British Columbia (BC). This dissertation is a feminist, institutional ethnographic inquiry into how women’s unwanted or uncomfortable sexual experiences with managers, co-workers, and customers within the context of full-service restaurant work in BC are still happening more than three decades after sexual harassment was first named sex discrimination in Canada. I argue that restaurant work is organized in such a way that uncomfortable or unwanted sexual experiences at work are made normal. My dissertation tells the story of how law is implicated in the construction of such restaurant workplaces within which sexual harassment and unwanted sexual experiences are normalized. The complicated interaction between the social context of restaurant work, workplace practices in restaurants, and inadequate employment standards legislation constructs precarious work environments wherein workers have little economic or job security and rely on customers for tips. Tipping, a practice legally legitimized and reinforced with lower minimum wages for alcohol servers, means workers endure sexualized and discriminatory behaviour at work in exchange for tips. Moreover, gendered social relations, reflected in managerial hiring practices and restaurant dress codes, lead women workers to associate femininity and a sexualized presentation of their self with their employment. Sexual harassment law is implicated in the problem as well. Sexual harassment law in BC (re)produces the gendered social relations of work through an individualized human rights framework and a jurisprudential notion of “unwelcomness” that both place the burden for addressing discrimination on the shoulders of workers. / Graduate / 2019-05-06

Despite a persistent increase in South Korea’s divorce rate, our understanding of the economic determinants of divorce in South Korea is very limited. In particular, the relationship between nonstandard employment and divorce has received little attention, even though the number of nonstandard employees has rapidly increased in recent years. This paper examines the extent to which one’s employment type is associated with marital dissolution in South Korea, using nationally representative longitudinal data (the Korea Welfare Panel Study from 2007 to 2013). Results from discrete-time hazard models show that for men, the odds of divorce of nonstandard workers are estimated to be around 1.82 times the odds of standard employees. However, the risk of divorce for the self-employed is not statistically different from that of standard workers. In contrast, for women, employment type is not associated with divorce. These findings indicate that men’s employment quality and labor market status are still more important for marital stability than women’s in a context characterized by a strong male-breadwinner norm and rigid gender division of labor. This study contributes to the literature on economic determinants of marital dissolution by documenting gender differences in the relationship between various employment types and the risk of divorce in South Korea. Findings of this study will also have important implications for family policies in South Korea.

The increasingly punitive nature of immigration control across the Western world and the overrepresentation of foreign nationals in European prisons has revitalised criminological interest in issues of migration. Alessandro De Giorgi (2010: 153) and others contend that restrictive, 'illegalising' immigration admission policies and 'hyper-criminalising' immigration controls create a population of migrant workers on European territory, whose legal precarity makes them ideal fodder for employment in post-Fordist neoliberal labour markets. This thesis refines the neoliberal-materialist analysis of immigration policy, as described most succinctly by De Giorgi (2010), through a comparative case study of the UK and Germany. To this end, it explores the various economic, political and cultural factors that have driven the development of a punitive regulation of immigration in the two countries and compares immigration control practices. It also examines the ways in which immigration status siphons immigrants into precarious work and how this process occurs differently in the UK and Germany. An underlying concern is to examine the extent to which differences in the underlying labour markets of the two countries, as described in Hall and Soskice's (2001) Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) typology, structure differences in the processes outlined in the neoliberal-materialist analysis. While the development of immigration controls is motivated by a wide variety of factors outside of the labour market, the fact that motivating factors are largely shared among countries of the same VoC type suggests some relationship with the underlying economic structure. In addition, the thesis argues that foreigners are vulnerable to specific forms of workplace exploitation and social marginalisation in 'coordinated' Germany because of factors associated with the VoC – a finding that also has important connotations for understanding the more intense overrepresentation of foreign nationals in German prisons. At the same time, it highlights the importance of other cultural and social factors, unique to each country, in the politics of immigration. The final section reverses the previous line of the enquiry by examining whether immigration 'neoliberalises' industrial relations in Germany. It finds that immigration's effects depend, to a significant extent, on the degree to which foreigners are constructed as precarious workers through state policy. In turn, immigration policy's wider effects on the labour market suggest native workers might also have an interest in preventing the precaritisation of their immigrant counterparts. Finally, immigration status may become less and less important in understanding the exploitation of workers in Europe, as citizenship is associated with fewer rights.

O presente estudo analisa o deslocamento e inserção de imigrantes comerciantes na cidade de São Paulo a partir das histórias de vida de peruanos trabalhadores ambulantes na Feirinha da Madrugada no bairro do Brás. Partindo do depoimento dos entrevistados, assim como das observações de campo à feirinha, dos espaços de lazer e atividades de tempo livre, procurou-se conhecer as diversas dimensões do vivido em contexto de imigração, tendo como principais eixos de análise a questão do trabalho precário, direito à moradia e lazer. Procura-se, contudo contribuir para o conhecimento do fenômeno migratório contemporâneo no Brasil dando um rosto mais humano à abordagem da realidade dos milhares de pessoas que se deslocam em busca de melhores condições de vida, reconhecendo-os como indivíduos sociais, de direito e protagonistas da sua própria história. / The present study analyzes the displacement and insertion of commercial immigrants in the city of São Paulo from the life stories of Peruvian mobile workers at Midnight Fair in the district of Brás. Based on the interviewees\' testimony, as well as the field observations to the fair, recreation spaces and free time activities, we sought to know the different dimensions of the lived in immigration context, having as main axes of analysis the issue of precarious work , right to housing and leisure. It seeks to contribute to the knowledge of the contemporary migratory phenomenon in Brazil giving a more humane face in approaching the reality of the thousands of people who move in search of better living conditions, recognizing them as social individuals, in law and protagonists of its own history.

A atividade profissional dos motoboys é um fenômeno urbano bastante recente e cada vez mais integrada à paisagem urbana de São Paulo. Devido ao seu rápido e exponencial crescimento, aliado à dinâmica e a natureza de sua atividade profissional, os motoboys passam a ser alvos certos e constantes nas mais diversas controvérsias no trânsito paulistano. Entrementes, esta pesquisa visa desmistificar o surgimento dessa atividade profissional para além de um sentido de espontaneidade, como também, deslocar o foco de sua dinâmica ligado aos conflitos no trânsito. Mas, antes de tudo, tentar compreender a natureza de sua atividade profissional como produto e necessidade de um contexto histórico de fin de siècle, revelando parte das transformações sócio-espaciais na cidade de São Paulo na transição do século XX para o XXI, encarnando dois pólos de um mesmo problema, a partir da nova condição da cidade e do mundo do trabalho. / The motoboys professional activity is a very recent urban phenomenon and increasingly integrated into the urban landscape of São Paulo. Because of its rapid and exponential growth, allied to the dynamics and nature of its professional activity, 8 they become targets certain and constant in several controversies in traffic in São Paulo. However, this research aims to demystify the emergence of this professional activity beyond a sense of spontaneity, as well as, dislocating the focus of its dynamics on the conflicts in traffic. But, besides all that, try to understand the nature of this professional activity as a product and necessity a historical context of fin de siècle, revealing some of the socio-spatial transformations in Sao Paulo city in the transition from the XX for the XXI century, embodying two poles of the same problem wich are the new condition of the city and the world of work.

O presente estudo analisa o deslocamento e inserção de imigrantes comerciantes na cidade de São Paulo a partir das histórias de vida de peruanos trabalhadores ambulantes na Feirinha da Madrugada no bairro do Brás. Partindo do depoimento dos entrevistados, assim como das observações de campo à feirinha, dos espaços de lazer e atividades de tempo livre, procurou-se conhecer as diversas dimensões do vivido em contexto de imigração, tendo como principais eixos de análise a questão do trabalho precário, direito à moradia e lazer. Procura-se, contudo contribuir para o conhecimento do fenômeno migratório contemporâneo no Brasil dando um rosto mais humano à abordagem da realidade dos milhares de pessoas que se deslocam em busca de melhores condições de vida, reconhecendo-os como indivíduos sociais, de direito e protagonistas da sua própria história. / The present study analyzes the displacement and insertion of commercial immigrants in the city of São Paulo from the life stories of Peruvian mobile workers at Midnight Fair in the district of Brás. Based on the interviewees\' testimony, as well as the field observations to the fair, recreation spaces and free time activities, we sought to know the different dimensions of the lived in immigration context, having as main axes of analysis the issue of precarious work , right to housing and leisure. It seeks to contribute to the knowledge of the contemporary migratory phenomenon in Brazil giving a more humane face in approaching the reality of the thousands of people who move in search of better living conditions, recognizing them as social individuals, in law and protagonists of its own history.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:26:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Cesar Augustus.pdf: 2665150 bytes, checksum: 3321dbfe262c396ea8eee207c0d2e0a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-23 / Labor relations in contemporary capitalism has undergone significant changes, whose significance for social organization has been deeply determinants. The size of this importance can be seen in everyday life, in the process of transformation of the environment has been fostered in an ever more intense. This has contributed to intensify the degree of disposability of contemporary production, characteristic of the capitalist social formation. This disposability is not only the goods produced, but also of the worker, because a considerable portion of the working class has become dross, and the recycling material pickers are entered into this process. It is also a noticeable restructuring of the space from the creation / renovation of productive activities, which appear as responses to the needs of building and rebuilding of a new geography of labor under the capitalist social formation in the nineteenthcentury. Appears significantly also a new technical division of labor, which has at its core the spatial scaling of the working classes. This respatialization piecemeal work, ensures a lower resistance to exploitation and therefore maintaining the profitability of capital. Thus, we have several ways to absorb labor force in ways increasingly precarious as in the productive chain of recycling. There is thus of reproduction a lumpenproletariat situation that materializes in territories increasingly precarious. This instability, occurs mainly by loss of the ability of the working classes to control the dynamics of production/ social reproduction. Large portions of the working classes are then robbed even of their right to life. We are experiencing an extreme dehumanizing reality of the work, and collector expresses quite clearly this process. / As relações de trabalho no capitalismo contemporâneo têm passado por significativas mutações, cujo significado para a organização social tem sido profundamente determinantes. A dimensão desta importância pode ser percebida no cotidiano, em que o processo de transformação do ambiente tem se processado de forma cada vez mais intensa. Isto tem contribuido para intensificar o grau de descartabilidade da produção contemporânea, característica inerente à formação social capitalista. Esta descartabilidade não é só das mercadorias produzidas, mas também do próprio trabalhador, pois uma parte considerável das classes trabalhadoras tem se tornado refugo, e os catadores estão inseridos neste processo. É perceptível também uma reestruturação do espaço a partir da criação/remodelação de atividades produtivas. Isto surge como resposta as necessidades de construção/reconstrução de uma nova geografia do trabalho sob a formação social capitalista no século XXI. Aparece de forma significativa também uma nova divisão técnica do trabalho, que tem como ponto central o redimensionamento espacial das classes trabalhadoras. Esta reespacialização fragmentária do trabalho, garante uma menor resistência a exploração e consequentemente a manutenção da lucratividade do capital. Assim, aparecem diversas maneiras de absorver trabalho vivo, formas cada vez mais precárias como na cadeia produtiva da reciclagem. Existe a reprodução de uma situação de lumpemproletariado, que se materializa em territórios cada vez mais precários. Esta precariedade se dá essencialmente pela perda da capacidade das classes trabalhadoras em controlar sua dinâmica de produção/ reprodução social. Amplas parcelas das classes trabalhadoras ficam então espoliadas inclusive de seu direito à vida. Estamos vivenciando uma realidade de extrema desumanização pelo trabalho, e o catador expressa de forma bastante evidente este processo.

Tidsbegränsade anställningar har ökat i Sverige sedan 90-talet och fortsätter ännu att öka. Dessa anställningar diskuteras flitigt i media och den negativa påverkan på de anställda är mest framträdande. De som i högst utsträckning är tidsbegränsat anställda är unga personer i åldrarna 16–24 år, där hälften har den typen av anställning. Pajala är en kommun i Norrbotten som varit väldigt aktuell i media i och med gruvan som startade och sen kort därefter gick i konkurs. Enligt statistik från SCB har Pajala en markant högre ungdomsarbetslöshet än i riket och länet med 15 procent mot rikets 8 procent. Föreliggande studie har utförts i Pajala kommun med syftet att undersöka vad unga Pajalabor har för upplevelser av otrygga anställningar och vilka strategier som används för att hantera situationen. Samt hur detta påverkas av den varierande tillgången på arbete som kommunen erfarit. Sju semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med kvinnor i åldrarna 20–31 år. I analysen av materialet har Standings teori om prekariatet och Jahodas deprivationsteori används. Resultatet av studien visar att otrygghet och oro är centralt i respondenternas upplevelser framförallt oro för sin ekonomi. Även stress över att alltid behöva vara tillgänglig och hur anställningen gör det svårt att planera återkommer. Respondenterna har även upplevt bristande arbetsmiljö, kompetensutveckling och möjligheter att utvecklas i arbetet. De strategier som främst används för att hantera situationen är att anpassa sin livsstil efter den varierande inkomsten samt att planera för hur de ska hantera en eventuell uppsägning. Samtliga respondenter har påverkats på ett eller annat sätt av arbetsmarknaden i kommunen och turerna med gruvan. Resultatet visar även på ett upplevt tvång att studera för att komma ur de otrygga anställningarna, annars får man nöja sig med det man får eller flytta. / Precarious employment has increased in Sweden since the 90's and continues to increase. These jobs are widely discussed in the media and the negative impact on employees is most prominent. Those who to a large extent are temporary employees are young people aged 16-24, where half have this type of employment. Pajala is a municipality in the north of Sweden that has been very relevant in the media, with the mine that started and soon became bankrupt. According to statistics from SCB, Pajala has a significantly higher youth unemployment than in the country and the county with 15 percent against the country's 8 percent. This study has been conducted in Pajala municipality with the purpose of investigating how young residents in Pajala has experienced insecure employment and what strategies are used to handle the situation. And how this is affected by the varied supply of work that the municipality has experienced. Seven semi- structured interviews have been conducted with women between the ages of 20 and 31 years. In the analysis of the material, Standing's theory of precariat and Jahoda's deprivation theory has been used. The result of the study shows that insecurity and concern are central to the respondents' experiences, especially concern for their finances. Also stress about always having to be available and how the job makes it difficult to plan returns. The respondents have also experienced insufficient work environment, skills development and opportunities to develop at work. The strategies used primarily to deal with the situation are to adjust their lifestyles according to the varying income and to plan how to deal with a possible termination. All respondents have been affected in one way or another by the labor market in the municipality and the bankruptcy of the mine. The result also shows an experienced compulsion to study to get out of the precarious jobs, otherwise you will have to settle for what you get or move.

SILVA, Vanessa Nascimento. O prescrito e o real da atividade dos psicólogos organizacionais: uma análise das dramáticas do uso de si dos psicólogos de empresas de terceirização. 2013. 113f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2013. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-27T13:16:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-VNSILVA.pdf: 722973 bytes, checksum: 3b0a2521f742da2db12e1a7a96254650 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-27T13:56:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-VNSILVA.pdf: 722973 bytes, checksum: 3b0a2521f742da2db12e1a7a96254650 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-27T13:56:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-VNSILVA.pdf: 722973 bytes, checksum: 3b0a2521f742da2db12e1a7a96254650 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / The present scenario of the world of work, with its global competitiveness and the increasing precariousness of work, it was the starting point for this research that aimed to analyze the activity of psychologists organizational in outsourcing companies, relating them with the characteristics of the contemporary context. Based on the theory of the ergology, of the Yves Schwartz, whose the fundamental concept, that there is a prescribed work (which is requested, by another person, that there is not the professional) and real work (which is how the work activity actually happens), and among them there is always a distance. This fact causes the subject to perform a management use of himself, by himself and others, which are implicate in their own subjectivity and values, as well as the values and norms of the society itself. That process management, Schwartz appoints dramatic use of self. Then, a survey was conduct socio historical qualitative, which aimed to identify the prescribed activity psychologists on such companies, as well as analyze how these professionals perform their activity before the real is presented to them, pointing here evidence of the precarious aspects that compose their work activity. It was identified, also, the management that the subject does himself, by himself and by others, in order to relate the re-norms that underlie the actual activity of psychologists with the values and standard that cross the subject himself and society contemporary work. Came up as a result of the fact that the activities prescribed for these professionals are still primarily recruitment and selection of staff. Such activities are constantly transfixed by the logic of precariousness, which refers to the high speed of the process, the recovery by productivity, the search for the lowest cost and highest profit, regardless of commitment to human. It was noted that psychologists are inserted in the surveyed companies use management itself, emphasizing the logic of the market in their choices, and that their values sometimes are consistent with this logic. Faced with such evidence, reiterated the need to recover a commitment most critical action of psychologists, recognizing the priority of commitment to the human being, wherever they operates. / O cenário atual do mundo do trabalho, com sua competitividade globalizada e crescente precarização dos trabalhadores, foi o ponto de partida para esta pesquisa que teve o propósito de analisar a atividade dos psicólogos organizacionais em empresas de terceirização de mão de obra. Tendo a Teoria da Ergologia, de Yves Schwartz, por base, percebeu-se que entre o prescrito do trabalho (aquilo que é solicitado por outrem que o profissional faça) e o real do trabalho (como a atividade de trabalho realmente se dá) há uma distância universal, fazendo com que o sujeito realize uma gestão do uso de si, por si e pelos outros, em que estão implicados sua subjetividade e valores, bem como os valores e normas da própria sociedade. Esse processo de gestão ele denomina: dramáticas do uso de si. Realizou-se então, uma pesquisa sócio histórica de base qualitativa, na qual se buscou identificar qual o prescrito da atividade do psicólogo inserido nessas empresas, bem como analisar como esses profissionais desenvolvem sua atividade na confrontação com o real que lhes é dado, ressaltando aí evidências dos aspectos da precarização que compõem sua atividade de trabalho. Identificou-se, também, a gestão que o sujeito faz de si, por si e pelos outros, de modo a relacionar as re-normatizações que perpassam o real da atividade dos psicólogos com os valores e normas que atravessam o próprio sujeito e a sociedade de trabalho contemporânea. Chegou-se a resultados como o fato de que as atividades prescritas para esses profissionais ainda são prioritariamente recrutamento e seleção de pessoal. Tais atividades são constantemente transpassadas pelas lógicas da precarização, que remete à alta velocidade dos processos, à cobrança pela produtividade, à busca pelo menor custo e maior lucro, independentemente do compromisso com o ser humano. Notou-se que os psicólogos inseridos nas empresas pesquisadas fazem gestão do uso de si, privilegiando a lógica do mercado em suas escolhas, e que seus valores, por vezes, são condizentes com essa lógica. Ante tais evidências, reiterou-se a necessidade de recuperar um compromisso mais crítico da ação dos psicólogos, reconhecendo como prioridade o compromisso com o ser humano, onde quer que ele atue.