Diss.--Lund (Frans Joach. Lorich, respondent). / Includes bibliographical references.

Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Univ., Diss., 2008

What is a serene place? What is serenity? While we have a common understanding of the term, its connection to architecture is almost directly operational, if we look at the Latin meaning of fair and above all clear. What makes a place serene? Clarity of plan and fairing of walls, floors and ceilings, generally all surfaces, should provide an environment conducive to the mental, emotional state of serenity. What kind of moment could possibly ease people's mind? To be in peace, in place, at rest in such an environment should be the proper condition for a human being to let go of stresses and find, even if only temporarily, peace of mind. People's mind is like a receiver. The receptive mind will perceive such qualities in the environment and chances are that its response will be in concert with the intentions of the architect. With these thoughts on my mind, I start to imagine a sauna house in the city of Helsinki by means of designing certain moments constructed by the interreaction of physical elements and approach its design as stated above, in this case with clear and fair form, light, material and temperature. These elements, work together to create a space that can be pictured and memorized by visitors visually and in all other ways sensibly absorbed and will create a lasting memory of a period of tranquility and serenity. / Master of Architecture

Texte remanié de: Väitöskirja--Historia--Helsingin yliopisto, 1988. / Bibliogr. p. 290-316.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioética, 2017. / Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2017-05-03T19:24:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_TatianeTeixeiraVazdeOliveira.pdf: 6078471 bytes, checksum: 6b8b6e2fc19c1e5accddffc76c6a5938 (MD5) / Rejected by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br), reason: Boa tarde, Por favor, adapte todas as entradas do campo assunto às normas do RIUnB; adapte o campo referência. Atenciosamente. on 2017-06-06T20:17:52Z (GMT) / Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2017-06-08T17:19:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_TatianeTeixeiraVazdeOliveira.pdf: 6078471 bytes, checksum: 6b8b6e2fc19c1e5accddffc76c6a5938 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2017-06-12T20:10:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_TatianeTeixeiraVazdeOliveira.pdf: 6078471 bytes, checksum: 6b8b6e2fc19c1e5accddffc76c6a5938 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-12T20:10:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_TatianeTeixeiraVazdeOliveira.pdf: 6078471 bytes, checksum: 6b8b6e2fc19c1e5accddffc76c6a5938 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-12 / O objeto deste estudo verificou a similaridade entre o duplo padrão de segurança em vacinas pediátricas, que acontece através da utilização de vacinas conservadas em mercurio, administradas a gestantes, prematuros e recém-nascidos nos países periféricos e o duplo padrão em pesquisas, chancelado pelas alterações recentes na Declaração de Helsinki. Tais alterações ocorreram com o objetivo de garantir interesses econômicos e dizem respeito ao uso de placebo e enfraquecimento das obrigações dos patrocinadores com os sujeitos de pesquisa ao término dos ensaios clínicos. A discussão será realizada a partir da Bioética de Intervenção, que e uma teoria socialmente comprometida e desenvolvida na Cátedra Unesco de Bioética, e direciona atenção especial para as questões relativas aos problemas éticos persistentes dos países periféricos, sobretudo, através da politização de conflitos morais. Critica as formas de imperialismos morais, impostos, especialmente, por países centrais aos periféricos, possui desde a sua gênese, intrínseca relação com as questões de saúde pública. A Declaração Universal sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos representou um marco para o avanço nas discussões referentes a saúde pública e inclusão social, com a incorporação de princípios como Beneficio e Dano (art. 4), Respeito pela Vulnerabilidade Humana e Integridade Individual (art. 8), Igualdade, Justiça e Equidade (art. 10), que foram utilizados como fundamento na discussão sobre o duplo padrão em vacinas pediátricas. Países centrais eliminaram o uso do timerosal em vacinas infantis há mais de uma década, em observância ao Principio da Precaução. Entretanto, a Organização Mundial de Saúde advoga pela continuidade do uso de vacinas conservadas em mercúrio, influenciando países periféricos a manterem sua utilização. Foram analisados criticamente dois documentos norteadores para a eliminação e/ou manutenção do Timerosal como conservante de vacinas infantis: Joint Statment of the American Academy of Pediatrics and The United States Public Health e The Safety of Thiomersal, da OMS. Constatou-se que os quatro “Pês”, utilizados pela Bioética de Intervenção: prevenção, proteção, precaução e prudência, podem ser invocados para a observância dos padrões éticos no manejo do processo de vacinação infantil, fornecendo sustentabilidade às ações a serem executadas pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, com vistas à minimização de danos e riscos. / The object of this study shows the similarity between the double standard on pediatric vaccine safety, which happens through the use of vaccines stored in mercury and given to fetuses, premature infants and newborns in peripheral countries and the double standard on researches, the latter supported by the recent changes in the Declaration of Helsinki. Such changes have occurred to secure economic interests, and are related to the use of placebo and relaxation of the sponsors’ liabilities on trial subjects upon the completion of clinical trials. The discussion will be based on the Intervention Bioethics, that is a theory socially committed developed at the Brasília University’s Unesco Chair in Bioethics, which directs special attention to issues related to the persistent ethical problems of the peripheral countries, particularly, through politicization of moral conflicts. Criticism to moral imperialism forms, imposed mainly by central on peripheral countries, it has had since its genesis, an intrinsic relation to public health issues. In the same way, the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights represented a landmark for the progress of discussions concerning public health and social inclusion, by incorporating principles such as the Benefit and Harm (art. 4), Respect for Human Vulnerability and Personal Integrity (art. 8), Equality, Justice and Equity (art. 10), which will also serve as a basis for discussion about the double standard on pediatric vaccine safety. Central countries like the United States eliminated the use of thimerosal in childhood vaccines more than a decade ago, complying with the Precautionary Principle. However, the World Health Organization advocates for continuing the use of vaccines stored in mercury, influencing peripheral countries to keep its use. Two guidance documents for the elimination and/or maintenance of thimerosal as the preservative for childhood vaccine have been critically assessed: Joint Statment of the American Academy of Pediatrics and The United States Public Health; and The Safety of Thiomersal. It has been noted that the four “Pes”, developed by the Intervention Bioethics: prevention, protection, precaution and prudence, can be invoked for the compliance of ethical standards in the handling of the childhood vaccination process, providing sustainability to actions to be conducted by the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency, aiming to minimize risks and harms to the child population.

This study explores different understandings of culture and creativity in the Finnish urban policymaking. It focuses on the development project of Suvilahti, an old power plant that is transformed into work spaces of cultural producers. As a theoretical background it uses different approaches to culture-led urban development and asks whether a ‘creative policy gap’ exists in Helsinki’s cultural policymaking. By analysing the City of Helsinki’s strategies in the field of cultural policy and semi-structured interviews with a sample of cultural producers, the study finds that a ‘creativity gap’ exists between the understandings of different actors. While planners’ understanding is characterized by the neoliberal understanding of creativity, cultural producers mainly understand creativity through the value of cultural democratization. The study calls for a wider understanding of culture in urban policymaking that recognizes creative activities’ potential also in bringing well-being to the society and understands culture’s intrinsic value.

This study explores different understandings of culture and creativity in the Finnish urban policymaking. It focuses on the development project of Suvilahti, an old power plant that is transformed into work spaces of cultural producers. As a theoretical background it uses different approaches to culture-led urban development and asks whether a ‘creative policy gap’ exists in Helsinki’s cultural policymaking. By analysing the City of Helsinki’s strategies in the field of cultural policy and semi-structured interviews with a sample of cultural producers, the study finds that a ‘creativity gap’ exists between the understandings of different actors. While planners’ understanding is characterized by the neoliberal understanding of creativity, cultural producers mainly understand creativity through the value of cultural democratization. The study calls for a wider understanding of culture in urban policymaking that recognizes creative activities’ potential also in bringing well-being to the society and understands culture’s intrinsic value.

At the end of 2014 Helsinki planning department published the draft of their new general plan. It includes an initiative to convert several of its major roads from expressways to urban boulevards, in order to utilize this central land for development of housing and workplaces. Such a large scale initiative is bound to result in much accumulated experience and knowledge about this topic which other cities could learn from. In Stockholm projects to utilize land along roads has occurred but none has yet been at the scale of motorways. Considering the extreme housing shortage in the region it can be assumed that there would be an interest in Stockholm to learn from experiences in Helsinki. However, planning experiences can often be quite case specific; not always translatable from one project to another. Different cities will have different conditions. The main objective of this research is therefore to investigate the similarities and differences in the conditions for boulevardisation in Stockholm and Helsinki. Factors considered are laws, regional and national regulations, political and public opinion and physical circumstances such as structure of development and transport networks. The investigation is done through examinations of plan documents, statistics and through case studies of three projects. One of the projects is the boulevardisation project of Helsinki. The other two cases are projects in two different municipalities of Stockholm county in which the possibilities for conversion have been investigated by planners. The conclusions present several similarities and differences between conditions for boulevardisation in Stockholm and Helsinki. Some of the differences are favorable to Stockholm and some to Helsinki. Some of the conclusions suggest the need for the county to have a larger role in a boulevardisation project on a similar scale as the one in Helsinki.

Abstract This thesis is a descriptive empirical research about the connection between architectonic quality and housing prices. The architectonic quality is defined in this research through the institutional concept of quality as it is understood inside the profession of architecture, which defines what is regarded as good architecture and which factors connected to designers can generate architectonic quality. By analyzing debt-free market prices of apartments, it is studied how well the institutional concept of quality corresponds to consumers’ appreciation. The research uses hedonic price models as a research method, which is a commonly used method for analyzing housing prices in the field of economics. The empirical data of the research consists of the apartment buildings located in the southern downtown area of Helsinki and the real estate transactions in them during the years 1980–2008. The factors of the architectonic quality in this data are collected and developed especially for this research. The main research question is: Is there a connection between the factors of architectonic quality and housing prices? More precise sub-questions are: Are education, experience, or merits of the building designer relevant factors of housing prices? Are the architectonic style or architectonic appreciation of the building relevant factors of housing prices? In addition, it is studied if there is a correlation between the architectonic view and housing prices, which would indicate that the architectonic quality causes also economic externalities. The result of the research is that the studied factors of the architectonic quality and housing prices are connected. The education, experience and merits of the building designer are all factors which are perceived to increase apartment prices. It was also revealed that the architectonic style and the architectonic appreciation of the building correlate with the housing prices. Moreover, a clear price premium related to architectonic view can be found in the analysis. However, all the factors employed do not give unambiguous results, which gives reason to study the differences of used factors and raises further research questions. / Tiivistelmä Tämä väitöstutkimus on kuvaileva empiirinen tutkimus arkkitehtonisen laadun yhteydestä asuntojen hintoihin. Arkkitehtoninen laatu määrittyy tutkimuksessa institutionaalisen laatukäsityksen kautta arkkitehtuurin alan sisäisenä näkemyksenä siitä, mitä pidetään hyvänä arkkitehtuurina ja mitkä rakennusten suunnittelijoihin liitetyt tekijät voivat edesauttaa arkkitehtonisen laadun syntymistä. Analysoimalla asuntojen velattomia myyntihintoja selvitetään, miten hyvin tutkimuksessa määritelty arkkitehtuurin institutionaalinen laatukäsitys vastaa kuluttajien arvostusta. Analyysimenetelmänä käytetään hedonista regressiomallinnusta, joka on taloustieteissä yleinen asuntojen hintojen tutkimisessa käytetty menetelmä. Empiirinen aineisto tutkimuksessa koostuu Helsingin eteläisen kantakaupungin alueen rakennuksista sekä niissä käydyistä asuntokaupoista vuosina 1980–2008. Aineiston arkkitehtonisen laadun muuttujat ovat tätä tutkimusta varten kehitettyjä ja kerättyjä. Päätutkimuskysymys on, onko arkkitehtonista laatua mittaavilla muuttujilla yhteys asuntojen hintoihin. Tarkentavia apukysymyksiä ovat seuraavat: Onko rakennussuunnittelijan koulutuksella, kokemuksella ja ansioituneisuudella merkitystä asuntojen hintatekijöinä? Onko rakennuksen arkkitehtonisella tyylillä tai arkkitehtonisella arvostuksella merkitystä asuntojen hintatekijöinä. Lisäksi tutkitaan, onko arkkitehtoniselle näkymälle löydettävissä asuntojen hinnoissa ilmenevä korrelaatio, joka indikoisi sitä, että arkkitehtonisella laadulla on myös taloudellisia ulkoisvaikutuksia. Tutkimuksen tulokseksi saadaan, että tutkituilla arkkitehtonisen laadun muuttujilla on havaittava yhteys asuntojen hintoihin. Sekä rakennussuunnittelijan koulutukseen, kokemukseen että ansioituneisuuteen liitettyjen muuttujien havaitaan tutkimuksessa olevan asuntojen hintaa nostavia tekijöitä. Myös rakennuksen arkkitehtoninen tyyli ja arkkitehtoninen arvostus osoittavat selkeän yhteyden asuntojen hintoihin. Niin ikään arkkitehtoniselle näkymälle löydetään suoritetuissa analyyseissä selkeä asuntojen hinnoissa havaittava preemio eli hintaero. Kaikki tutkitut mittarit eivät kuitenkaan anna täysin yksiselitteisiä tuloksia, mikä antaa aihetta tarkastella käytettyjen mittareiden eroavaisuuksia ja synnyttää jatkotutkimuskysymyksiä.

Im Jahr 2008 wird der Niederschlagung des Prager Frühlings vor 40 Jahren gedacht. Im nächsten Jahr, 2009, jährt sich die friedliche Revolution in der DDR zum zwanzigsten Male. Diese beiden für die europäische Geschichte so herausragenden Ereignisse legen es nahe, mit Zeitzeugnissen an die weit reichenden Entwicklungen und Folgen der letzten Jahrzehnte zu erinnern. Vom 30. September bis 3. Oktober 2008 findet der 47. Deutsche Historikertag in Dresden unter dem Leitthema „Ungleichheiten“ statt. Dieser Kongress bietet einen willkommenen Anlass, dass die Sächsische Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB) und das Sächsische Staatsarchiv in einer gemeinsamen Ausstellung diese zeitgeschichtliche Ausstellung präsentieren. Das Leitthema des Kongresses, „Ungleichheiten“, legte den Titel der Ausstellung nahe: „Aufbruch aus der Gleichheit“.