In this study, highly C-axis oriented AlN thin films stacked upon Al bottom electrode on Si and Glass substrate are deposited with Reactive RF magnetron sputtering Technique. Three different sputtering systems were utilized to evaluate the optimized growth parameters. Room temperature growth was applied to the all system. During thin film growing , the substrate bias condition, sputtering work pressure, sputtering power and the N2 concentration are those key parameters to be adjusted in order to gain smooth surface morphology and highly C-axis prefer orientation AlN thin films. The crystallography of the deposited films was analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Film surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Meanwhile, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was adopted to observe the microstructure and determine the grain size of the film. The results of the XRD patterns showed that in a 17cm long sputtering working distance condition, the AlN (002) can be obtained and the peak intensity can be increased when the sputtering power was fixed meanwhile reduced the working pressure and applied the negative bias on the substrate. The surface morphology can be improved with long working sputtering distance. The micrography of the TEM reveals that there is a transition region between Al metal and AlN film. Fine column structures can be observed in the initial growth stage. The size of the grain increased as the film became thicker. Strong AlN (002) ring pattern was obtained from the region of the top of the film. It indicates that the AlN (002) will not appear till the thickness of the film reach the critical thickness.

Anita Loos’ Gentlemen Prefer Blondes constantly acknowledges tensions between the intentions and actions of its protagonist, Lorelei Lee. Some literary critics and authors have speculated in depth the reasons and/or effects of Lorelei’s humorous oblivion, coming to the conclusion that Loos creates this character as a parody for the reader. This article asserts instead that readers should grant Lorelei autonomy, thus giving her more credit than she is generally given at face value. I read Blondes as a self-help book rather than a parody. Specifically, I read Lorelei as not only a creation of modernist work, but a creator of such work: her diary works as a satire on the nineteenth century social etiquette texts directed at women. By identifying some implicit lessons in Lorelei’s diary, I will demonstrate how Loos carefully constructs Lorelei’s humorous rhetoric as a disguised societal guide for the contemporary American flapper who aspires upward mobility.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-18T13:35:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_DANIEL_VILASBOAS_SLOMP_COMPLETO.pdf: 736191 bytes, checksum: d0d07d849cfee2553ff0702d7d9ea72a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-18T13:35:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_DANIEL_VILASBOAS_SLOMP_COMPLETO.pdf: 736191 bytes, checksum: d0d07d849cfee2553ff0702d7d9ea72a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Over the last decades, it has become clear that behavioral lateralization is not restricted to humans. The most evident manifestation of laterality in humans is the prevalence of handedness, the dominant use of the right hand, which is related to the development of the left cerebral hemisphere. Nonhuman primates express varying degrees of laterality, but exhibit a population-level handedness less intense than humans. There is a strong debate about the origin and evolution of primate handedness. This debate focuses on two main hypothesis. The Postural Origins Theory (POT) states that arboreal primates exhibit a left hand preference, whereas terrestrial primates exhibit a right hand preference. The Task Complexity Theory (TCT) states that the complexity of the task modulates hand preference in primates. While low-level tasks do not require hand specialization, high-level tasks elicit hand preference. We studied the handedness of members of a wild population of northern muriquis during a simple unimanual and bimanual low-level task ? the simple reach of food items ? in their three-dimensional arboreal habitat. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether northern muriquis exhibit a left hand preference, as predicted by the POT for arboreal primates, or a lack of hand preference, as predicted by the TCT for low-level tasks. The muriquis showed a population-level left hand bias when performing the low complexity task. There were no sex differences in handedness. The muriquis exhibited stronger handedness when engaged in bimanual than in unimanual feeding activity. We suggest that the release of the hands from the postural demands when individuals are hanging from their tails and feet favors the expression of laterality in muriquis. Therefore, postural stability in the arboreal environment seems to modulate the degree of handedness in northern muriquis. We compare these results with the pattern observed in other nonhuman primates and discuss them in light of the factors associated with handedness in humans. We suggest that studies in both arboreal and terrestrial environments are necessary to assess the implications of these environmental differences for the origin of handedness in the first hominids. / Ao longo das ?ltimas d?cadas, tornou-se claro que a lateralidade comportamental n?o estava restrita aos seres humanos. Em humanos, a manifesta??o mais evidente de lateralidade ? a prefer?ncia manual desviada para a direita, a qual est? relacionada ao desenvolvimento do hemisf?rio cerebral esquerdo. Os primatas n?o-humanos expressam variados graus de lateralidade, mas apresentam uma prefer?ncia manual populacional em menor intensidade do que a humana. A discuss?o sobre a origem e a evolu??o da lateralidade em primatas ? extensa, mas convergiu em torno de duas teorias principais. A Teoria da Origem Postural (TOP) postula que os primatas arbor?colas exibem uma prefer?ncia pelo uso da m?o esquerda, enquanto que os primatas de h?bito terrestre apresentam uma prefer?ncia pela m?o direita. A Teoria da Complexidade da Tarefa (TCT) postula que os primatas n?o apresentariam prefer?ncia manual ao realizarem tarefas de baixa complexidade. Por?m, a prefer?ncia manual se manifestaria durante a execu??o de tarefas de alta complexidade. Estudamos a lateralidade dos indiv?duos de uma popula??o selvagem de muriqui-do-norte executando tarefa unimanual ou bimanual de baixa complexidade ? alcance simples do alimento - em seu habitat arb?reo tridimensional. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se os muriquis apresentam prefer?ncia manual desviada para a esquerda, conforme previsto pela TOP para primatas arbor?colas ou a aus?ncia de prefer?ncia manual, conforme previsto pela TCT em tarefas de baixa complexidade. Os muriquis-do-norte apresentaram uma prefer?ncia manual populacional desviada para a esquerda na atividade de alcance simples do alimento. N?o houve diferen?as sexuais na lateralidade. Os muriquis exibiram lateralidade mais forte quando engajados em atividade alimentar bimanual do que em atividade unimanual. Sugerimos que a libera??o das m?os das demandas posturais em eventos de alimenta??o nos quais o indiv?duo fica suspenso pela cauda e p?s pode favorecer a express?o da lateralidade nos muriquis. Portanto, a estabilidade postural no ambiente arb?reo parece modelar a lateralidade nos muriquis-do-norte. Estes resultados s?o discutidos em compara??o com outros primatas n?o-humanos e em rela??o aos fatores associados ? lateralidade em seres humanos. Sugerimos a necessidade de estudos adicionais nos ambientes arb?reo e terrestre para avaliar as implica??es dessas diferen?as ambientais para a origem da lateralidade nos primeiros homin?deos.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-08-16T20:20:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielLuizFiusaDissertacao2017.pdf: 1799911 bytes, checksum: d8636107eb168c749d4f0926a8352a2d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-08-16T20:20:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielLuizFiusaDissertacao2017.pdf: 1799911 bytes, checksum: d8636107eb168c749d4f0926a8352a2d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-16T20:20:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielLuizFiusaDissertacao2017.pdf: 1799911 bytes, checksum: d8636107eb168c749d4f0926a8352a2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / The present paper uses random utility models from Perloff and Salop to analyze consumer behavior in the credit card market in Brazil, where choices are influenced by specific shocks in consumer preferences, "noises", and from its decisions, to determine the financial margin and the equilibrium price with the competition between two credit cards. The first model proposes that competition occurs with shocks in preferences linked to the amount of benefits that the cards offer to customers. In the second, issuers dispute consumer preference through shocks to the quality of these benefits. In this sense, the cards with the highest score in the relationship program or the discount percentage offered in the next purchases are preferred. Finally, the third model explores the relation of the interest rate of the revolving credit to the annuity price. In case the customer comes to use this facility, it will evaluate as best card what to offer the lowest rate of interest in the revolving credit. The results show the positive correlation of the quantity and quality of the benefits offered with the demand for the card and, consequently, the financial margin established for its issuer. On the other hand, the consumer is less likely to buy the card with the higher interest rate. / O presente trabalho utiliza de modelos de utilidade aleat??ria, com origem em Perloff e Salop, para analisar o comportamento do consumidor no mercado de cart??es de cr??dito no Brasil, no qual as escolhas s??o influenciadas por choques espec??ficos nas prefer??ncias dos consumidores, ???ru??dos???, e a partir das suas decis??es, apurar a margem financeira e o pre??o de equil??brio com a competi????o entre dois cart??es de cr??dito. O primeiro modelo prop??e que a competi????o ocorra com choques nas prefer??ncias vinculados ?? quantidade de benef??cios que os cart??es oferecem aos clientes. No segundo, os emissores disputam a prefer??ncia do consumidor por meio de choques na qualidade desses benef??cios. Nesse sentido, os cart??es com a maior pontua????o no programa de relacionamento ou do percentual de desconto oferecido nas pr??ximas compras s??o os preferidos. Por ??ltimo, o terceiro modelo explora a rela????o da taxa de juros do cr??dito rotativo com o pre??o da anuidade. No caso do cliente vir usar essa facilidade, ele ir?? avaliar como melhor cart??o o que oferecer a menor taxa de juros no cr??dito rotativo. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a correla????o positiva da quantidade e qualidade dos benef??cios oferecidos com a demanda pelo cart??o e, consequentemente, na margem financeira apurada para o seu emissor. Por outro lado, o consumidor fica menos propenso a adquirir o cart??o com a maior taxa de juros.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-04T21:45:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WendellaSaraCostaDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2706364 bytes, checksum: d20c80e94c2a4b331588dfe76c0c7aed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-11T19:05:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 WendellaSaraCostaDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2706364 bytes, checksum: d20c80e94c2a4b331588dfe76c0c7aed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-11T19:05:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WendellaSaraCostaDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2706364 bytes, checksum: d20c80e94c2a4b331588dfe76c0c7aed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / No Brasil vivencia-se um contexto de fecundidade abaixo do n?vel de reposi??o e nota- se, com isso, que o n?mero considerado ideal de filhos se reduziu para uma quantidade cada vez menor. Portanto, esse projeto de pesquisa apresenta a din?mica reprodutiva do Nordeste e Sudeste, com base nos seguintes componentes da reprodu??o humana: prefer?ncias reprodutivas, realiza??o do planejamento familiar e uso dos m?todos contraceptivos. A investiga??o ser? efetuada no universo das mulheres unidas (em uni?o est?vel ou casamento formal) em idade reprodutiva (15 a 49 anos). Logo, o objetivo do trabalho ?, ? luz da a??o social, observar a utiliza??o do planejamento familiar como um instrumento para a concretiza??o das prefer?ncias reprodutivas das mulheres unidas do Nordeste e Sudeste brasileiros, lan?ando m?o das pesquisas de sa?de reprodutiva dos anos de 1996 e 2006. A metodologia utilizada consistiu numa an?lise descritiva dos dados utilizando o modelo estat?stico da Regress?o Log?stica. A vari?vel depende usada na an?lise se refere ? concretiza??o e n?o concretiza??o das mulheres unidas maritalmente, mensurada pela quantidade daquelas que conseguiram alcan?ar seu n?mero ideal de filhos e aquelas n?o conseguiram. As vari?veis independentes est?o relacionadas ?s caracter?sticas demogr?ficas, educacionais, sociais, culturais, econ?micas, de sa?de reprodutiva (planejamento familiar e prefer?ncia reprodutiva) e relacional (relacionamento da mulher com seu parceiro). Os resultados da an?lise de regress?o, para os dois anos investigados (1996 e 2006), mostram que de uma maneira geral a idade da mulher, o uso de m?todos contraceptivos modernos e a esteriliza??o, a acesso ?s m?dias, como televis?o e jornais, e a religi?o exibiram uma importante signific?ncia para a concretiza??o reprodutiva. Por?m, existem diferen?as nos resultados mostrados entre 1996 e 2006. O que chama a aten??o nos resultados de 1996 ? que tanto para Nordeste quanto para o Sudeste a escolaridade da mulher com 10 a 11 anos de estudo se mostrou significante para realizar o alcance da meta de filhos. J? para o ano de 2006 surgiu um novo fator de grande relev?ncia para essa condi??o que foi concernente a empregabilidade feminina. As mulheres unidas, em 2006, das duas regi?es estudadas que tinham trabalho remunerado extradomiciliar, mostraram maior possibilidade de concretiza??o das prefer?ncias reprodutivas em rela??o as que n?o trabalhavam. Em suma, para fomentar a discuss?o se fez uso de um aporte te?rico de car?ter demogr?fico e sociol?gico para argumentar acerca das prefer?ncias reprodutivas, do planejamento familiar e do conceito de a??o social. / In Brazil there is a context of fertility below the level of replacement and it is noted, therefore, that the number considered ideal of children has been reduced to an increasingly smaller amount. Therefore, this research project presents the reproductive dynamics of the Northeast and Southeast, based on the following components of human reproduction: reproductive preferences, family planning and use of contraceptive methods. Research will be carried out on the universe of women who are women (in a stable union or formal marriage) of reproductive age (15 to 49 years). Therefore, the objective of the study is, in the light of social action, to observe the use of family planning as an instrument for the realization of the reproductive preferences of the united women of the Northeast and Southeast of Brazil, using the reproductive health surveys of 1996 and 2006. The methodology used consisted of a descriptive analysis of the data using the statistical model of Logistic Regression. The dependent variable used in the analysis refers to the concretization and non-concretization of the maritally united women, measured by the number of those who managed to reach their ideal number of children and those did not succeed. The independent variables are related to the demographic, educational, social, cultural, economic, reproductive health (family planning and reproductive preference) and relational characteristics (women's relationship with their partner). The results of the regression analysis, for the two years investigated (1996 and 2006), show that in general the age of women, the use of modern contraceptive methods and sterilization, access to the media, such as television and newspapers, and the religion exhibited an important significance for the reproductive realization. However, there are differences in the results shown between 1996 and 2006. What draws attention in the results of 1996 is that for both the Northeast and the Southeast the schooling of women with 10 to 11 years of schooling was significant to reach the goal Of children. Already for 2006 a new factor of great relevance appeared for this condition that was related to feminine employability. In 2006, the women of the two studied regions who had paid work outside the home showed a greater possibility of reproductive preferences in relation to those who did not work. In short, to foment the discussion, we used a theoretical contribution of demography and sociology in order to argue about reproductive preferences, family planning and the concept of social action.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-14T22:12:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbaraPinheiroMaiaCavalcantiTadewald_DISSERT.pdf: 813424 bytes, checksum: f43cf35dc3635ca3f310dffda2d52c3f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-18T20:47:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbaraPinheiroMaiaCavalcantiTadewald_DISSERT.pdf: 813424 bytes, checksum: f43cf35dc3635ca3f310dffda2d52c3f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-18T20:47:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbaraPinheiroMaiaCavalcantiTadewald_DISSERT.pdf: 813424 bytes, checksum: f43cf35dc3635ca3f310dffda2d52c3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-20 / Os esteroides sexuais influenciam o comportamento de vertebrados por meio de efeitos organizacionais e ativacionais. Estas a??es podem ocorrer em per?odos do desenvolvimento fetal, p?s-natal inicial e, ainda, durante a puberdade (efeito organizacional) ou alterando a express?o de padr?es comportamentais durante todas as fases da vida (efeito ativacional). Estudos sobre lateraliza??o no uso das m?os em primatas humanos e n?o humanos mostram que os horm?nios sexuais participam no processo de estabiliza??o da prefer?ncia manual que parece ocorrer a partir da puberdade e se mant?m na idade adulta. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar emCallithrix jacchus machos adultos se a estabiliza??o da for?a da prefer?ncia manual, independentemente da dire??o (efeito organizacional), ? influenciada pela varia??o dos andr?genos (efeito ativacional). O uso preferencial de uma ds m?os foi estudado em 14animais em dois contextos: (1) uso espont?neo das m?os em pegar o alimento; (2) durante o uso for?ado de uma das m?os para alcan?ar o alimento com restri??o produzida pelo uso de anteparo com um orif?cio central que permitia o uso de apenas uma das m?os. Os registros foram realizados durante a fase basal em 5 sess?es/20 registros cada para as duas atividades na fase basal (n=100) e ap?s dois tratamentos: (a) uso de 100?g do antagonista do horm?nio liberador de gonadotrofinas (GnRH), Cetrotide - acetate of cetrorrelix (Baxter Oncology GmbH, Germany) (n=10) em dose ?nica, em 10 animais; (2) uso de 0,2 mg do GnRH (Sigma - Aldrich) (n= 8; 4 deles receberam o antagonista entre 6-8 meses antes), nos dias 1, 2, 7, 15 e 30 dias/20 registros em cada, totalizando 100 episodes para cada contexto ap?s os tratamentos. A partir destes registros foi calculado o ?ndice de lateraliza??o absoluto em rela??o apenas a for?a e o ?ndice do desvio de lateralidade para direita ou esquerda. A coleta de fezes para dosagem dos andr?genos fecais foi realizada durante os dias de coleta dos registros de uso da m?o na fase basal e ap?s os dois tratamentos. A an?lise estat?stica utilizou o modelo de efeitos mistos e o teste de Tukey para comparar as diferen?as entre as m?dias dos dois tratamentos, e o teste de Levene de vari?ncia das m?dias, todos para o p-valor de < 0,05. Na fase basal 6 animais usaram preferencialmente a m?o direita, 5 a esquerda e 3 se mostraram ambidestros. As m?dias dos ?ndices de lateraliza??o da fase basal diferiram daquelas ap?s os tratamentos, a partir do dia 7. A vari?ncia das m?dias dos ?ndices de lateraliza??o antes e ap?s a aplica??o dos tratamentos para a atividade espont?nea e a for?ada n?o apresentaram diferen?as significativas, mas o tratamento com o GnRH aumentou significativamente o ?ndice em rela??o ao tratamento com o seu antagonista. Estes resultados sugerem que os andr?genos possuem um efeito ativacional sobre a prefer?ncia manual em machos adultos de C. jacchus. / The role of steroids hormones on the behavior of vertebrates have been described as organizational and activational effects. These actions occur in different periods of the ontogenetic development as fetal, early post natal and during puberty (organizational effect) or modifying the expression of behavioral patterns during time life (activational effects). Studies on brain lateralization in hand use in human and non-human primates have shown that sexual hormones seems to participate in the process of handedness strength that begins in the puberal period and is stabilized at the adult age. The aim of this study was to investigate in adult male Callithrix jacchus if the strength of use of the hand in common marmoset adult male is stable (organizational effect) or androgens variations could affect its stability (activational effect). The preferential use of one hand in 14 common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus was studied in two contexts: (1) spontaneous holding food and directing the food to mouth (feeding episodes), and (2) forced reaching food tests where the animal have to reach the food through a hole within a cover plate with a central hole that allow the use of one hand only to reach the food. The records were made during 5 sessions/20 bouts each during baseline totalizing 100 episodes before two treatments. Firstly it was used GnRH antagonist: a single subcutaneous injection of 100?g de Cetrotide ? acetate of cetrorrelix (Baxter Oncology GmbH, Germany) (n=10). Secondly, a single GnRH injection of 0.2mg of GnRH (Sigma ? Aldrich) (n= 8) was used. After injections 20 successful attempts of hand use episodes was recorded in the 1st , 2 nd, 7th, 15th and 30 th days, totalizing in the whole period 100 episodes for each context, after both treatments. Fecal sampling to measure extracted fecal androgens was performed in all days of data collection across the length of the basal and during the experimental periods. Statistical analysis by mixed model, Tukey test to compare mean values after the two treatments, and Levene test to compare mean variance were used, all for p-value < 0.05. In basal phase 6 animals used preferentially the right hand, 5 the left and 3 were ambidextrous. Mean handedness index in basal phase were different from that after both treatment starting at 7th day. Mean variance of handedness index for spontaneous and forced activities does not differs before and after both treatments but the mean values for GnRH index were higher than that observed for its antagonist. These findings suggested that androgens have an activational effect on handedness in adult male C. jacchus

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BernadetteSR.pdf: 1860339 bytes, checksum: aec05e035c62b1c2c5d7b7118f9a969c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The study of manual preference is a widely used approach to investigate cerebral laterality in nonhuman primates. However, in New World primates, little is known about the ontogenesis of hand use asymmetry, in both forced and spontaneous activities, as well as how they correlate with sexual hormones. Accordingly, a longitudinal study was conducted on the manual preference of 6 female and 4 male common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). The study included the record of forced tests to reach for the food using only one hand (forced activity) and activities such as grooming (auto and social), scratching, grasping the food and hanging, in weekly sessions from the infantile (4 months) to the early adult phase (15 months). Feces samples were also collected, at least once a week, to evaluate the level of gonadal steroids and their influence on these behaviors. In the forced activity, the results confirm the influence of the development period on manual preference during feeding, shown by the increase in lateral stability when grasping the food between the juvenile and adult phases. During this period, a sexual hormone effect on development was also observed, mainly of progesterone in females and androgen in males, but no difference between sexes was found. In the females, progesterone also influenced the manual preference index, with a proportional increase in the degree of manual asymmetry during puberty. With respect to spontaneous activities, the animals showed proportional use of both hands when scratching, hanging, holding the food and grooming. A positive correlation was also found between the preference for holding the food in forced activities and in spontaneous activities / O estudo da prefer?ncia manual ? um dos meios mais utilizados para investigar a lateralidade cerebral em primatas n?o humanos. No entanto, em primatas do Novo Mundo, pouco se sabe sobre a ontog?nese da assimetria no uso das m?os, tanto em atividades for?adas como espont?neas e de sua rela??o com os horm?nios sexuais. Com este objetivo, foi desenvolvido um estudo longitudinal sobre a prefer?ncia manual em 10 animais (6 f?meas e 4 machos) da esp?cie Callithrix jacchus. O estudo incluiu a realiza??o de testes de preens?o de alimento (atividade for?ada) e atividades espont?neas como cata??o (autocata??o e cata??o social), co?ar-se, pendurar-se e segurar o alimento, que foram registradas em sess?es semanais come?ando na fase infantil (4 meses) e se estendendo at? o in?cio da idade adulta (15 meses). Paralelamente foram coletadas amostras de fezes, pelo menos uma vez por semana, a fim de avaliar o n?vel de ester?ides gonadais e sua poss?vel influ?ncia na express?o destes comportamentos. Na atividade for?ada, os resultados confirmam a influ?ncia do est?gio de desenvolvimento sobre a prefer?ncia manual evidenciada pelo aumento na estabiliza??o da lateralidade ao pegar o alimento entre as fases juvenil e adulta. Observou-se tamb?m um efeito dos horm?nios sexuais sobre o desenvolvimento da prefer?ncia, principalmente da progesterona nas f?meas e dos andr?genos nos machos, mas n?o foi encontrada diferen?a entre os sexos. Nas f?meas, a progesterona influenciou o ?ndice de prefer?ncia manual, com aumento proporcional do ?ndice de lateralidade durante a puberdade. Em rela??o ?s atividades espont?neas os animais mostraram uso proporcional das duas m?os para as a??es de co?ar-se, pendurar-se e segurar o alimento e o uso simult?neo das duas m?os para cata??o. Ficou tamb?m evidenciada uma rela??o positiva entre a prefer?ncia manual na preens?o do alimento na atividade for?ada e segurar o alimento na atividade espont?nea

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-22T21:32:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaMariaCardosoAiresLisboa_TESE.pdf: 1706951 bytes, checksum: 90ca20bb2b95d79b8d221d1fdf02ddc8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-24T22:51:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaMariaCardosoAiresLisboa_TESE.pdf: 1706951 bytes, checksum: 90ca20bb2b95d79b8d221d1fdf02ddc8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-24T22:51:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaMariaCardosoAiresLisboa_TESE.pdf: 1706951 bytes, checksum: 90ca20bb2b95d79b8d221d1fdf02ddc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A sele??o sexual ? respons?vel pela evolu??o de diversos sinais visuais consp?cuos utilizados na comunica??o intra e interespec?fica de in?meras esp?cies. Os lagartos t?m sistema visual com fotorreceptores que s?o sens?veis aos comprimentos de onda UV, e algumas esp?cies utilizam ornamentos de cor UV na comunica??o. Neste estudo, utilizamos espectrofotometria para obter evid?ncias de ornamenta??o UV em lagartos Ameivula ocellifera. Utilizando um aparato experimental em formato de arena, obtivemos evid?ncias do papel da sinaliza??o UV na sele??o sexual (prefer?ncia de f?meas e competi??o entre machos). Nossos resultados revelaram que a sinaliza??o UV ? importante na prefer?ncia de f?meas, uma vez que as mesmas exibem prefer?ncia por machos com maior reflect?ncia UV em rela??o aos machos com reflect?ncia experimentalmente reduzida. Tamb?m descobrimos que os machos com UV reduzido n?o foram mais propensos a perder disputas do que os controle, embora quanto maior a diferen?a de reflect?ncia UV entre os pares, menor o tempo de avalia??o entre os rivais antes do combate. Para avaliar se os sinais de cor s?o informativos da qualidade, testamos dois ornamentos de machos de A. ocellifera contra tra?os morfol?gicos e desempenho fisiol?gico. Descobrimos que machos maiores apresentaram comprimentos de onda UV e m?dio mais intensos nos ocelos dorsolaterais e, em contraste, os machos de cabe?a menor tiveram o croma UV mais intenso nas escamas ventrais exteriores (EVEs). Conclu?mos que a mesma caracter?stica de cor transmite diferentes mensagens dependendo da posi??o do sinal no corpo dos lagartos, sendo um indicativo de estrat?gias alternativas de sinaliza??o. Al?m disso, um maior brilho nas EVEs foi associado a maior for?a de mordida, sendo este um sinal confi?vel de capacidade de luta do macho. Esses resultados sugerem que existe um sistema de sinaliza??o m?ltipla na esp?cie. Por fim, modelamos os sistemas visuais de A. ocellifera e de dois tipos de predadores (ave de rapina e serpente) para descobrir como as manchas de colora??o s?o percebidas e explorar as consequ?ncias da colora??o consp?cua em termos de press?es seletivas. Encontramos dicromatismo entre os sexos, com a reflect?ncia UV de machos mais vis?veis e altamente distingu?veis dos das f?meas a partir do sistema visual de A. ocellifera. Os sinais UV foram altamente percept?veis quando em contraste com a colora??o do corpo e do ambiente natural para A. ocellifera e, menos mas ainda percept?veis, para os predadores, concordando com a hip?tese da condu??o sensorial. Esta tese esclarece o papel dos sinais sexuais e sua import?ncia nas comunica??es intra e interespec?ficas em lagartos. Nossas descobertas baseiam futuros estudos sobre evolu??o e comportamento e expandem o conhecimento acerca das sele??es natural e sexual propostas por Darwin. / Sexual selection is responsible for the evolution of many conspicuous visual signals used in intra and interspecific communication of innumerous species. Lizards have acute visual systems with retinal photoreceptors that are sensitive to UV wavelengths, and some species use UV colour ornaments for communication. In this study, we used UV full-spectrum reflectance spectrophotometry to collect data from Ameivula ocellifera UV structural colouration. Using an arena-form experimental set, we obtained evidence for the role of UV signaling in sexual selection (mate choice and male-male interactions). Our results showed that UV chroma is important in female association preference, as females exhibit spatial preference for males of higher UV reflectance over males with experimentally reduced UV reflectance. We also found that A. ocellifera males with experimentally reduced UV reflectance were not more likely to lose contests than control males, although bigger the difference of UV reflectance between pairs, smaller the evaluation time between rivals before the contest. We also tested two male ornaments in A. ocellifera against morphological traits and physiological performance to assess whether colour signals are informative for male quality traits. We found that larger males had more intense short (UV) and medium wavelength chroma on dorsolateral eyespots and, in contrast, smaller-headed males had more intense UV chroma on outer ventral scales (OVS). We concluded that the same colour trait convey different messages depending on the body position of the signal, perhaps indicative of alternative signalling strategies. Moreover, higher brightness on OVS signals were associated with stronger bite force, being a reliable signal of fighting ability. These results suggest that there is a multiple signalling system in our model species. Finally, we modeled the visual system of A. ocellifera, snake and avian predators to access how colour patches appear to the receivers. We found that there are dichromatism between sexes, with UV signals of males more conspicuous in reflectance and highly distinguishable from females to conspecifics visual system. UV signals were highly perceptible from body colouration and from natural background to conspecifics and less but still perceptible to predators, agreeing with sensory drive hypothesis. This thesis enlighten the role of sexual signals and their importance on intra and interspecific communications in lizards. Our findings support further studies on evolution and behavior and expand the knowledge on natural and sexual selections initiated by Darwin.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-25T20:36:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnthonietaLoomanMafra_TESE.pdf: 7149877 bytes, checksum: 37e90bc1712437d5b05c2e8a6905a340 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-25T23:34:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnthonietaLoomanMafra_TESE.pdf: 7149877 bytes, checksum: 37e90bc1712437d5b05c2e8a6905a340 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-25T23:34:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnthonietaLoomanMafra_TESE.pdf: 7149877 bytes, checksum: 37e90bc1712437d5b05c2e8a6905a340 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Em geral, homens e mulheres procuram por caracter?sticas em seus parceiros que possam aumentar seu sucesso reprodutivo. Por?m, a escolha de um parceiro rom?ntico n?o se baseia apenas no que o indiv?duo deseja em um parceiro, mas ele leva em considera??o a forma como ele se percebe dentro de determinado ambiente, de modo que a autoavalia??o pode mudar de acordo com o contexto no qual o sujeito est? inserido. Al?m do ambiente, a autoestima pode ser um fator que modifica as prefer?ncias de parceiros rom?nticos e a forma com a qual as pessoas escolhem estes parceiros por poder influenciar na maneira com que as pessoas se avaliam. A maioria dos estudos que deram origem a padr?es hoje considerados universais no estudo de escolha de parceiro rom?ntico foi realizado com universit?rios, o que pode limitar a abrang?ncia das conclus?es por contemplar pessoas de mesmo n?vel educacional e provavelmente mesmo n?vel socioecon?mico (SES). A presente pesquisa, realizada no Brasil, onde a taxa de desigualdade social elevada, e parte no Canad? teve como objetivo verificar as prefer?ncias e escolhas de parceiros rom?nticos e autoavalia??o como parceiro rom?ntico em diferentes n?veis educacionais e SES. Homens, principalmente de baixo SES, tendem a dar prioridade a status social quando procurando por uma parceira rom?ntica, enquanto o padr?o universal ? a prefer?ncia por atratividade f?sica, e mulheres de baixo SES parecem ter conhecimento dessa prefer?ncia de homens de baixo SES ao expressarem que status social ? importante para sua autoavalia??o. Adicionalmente, os resultados corroboraram a influ?ncia do contexto, da autoestima e do SES na autopercep??o como parceiro rom?ntico, embora os dois ?ltimos pare?am modular como se d? a influ?ncia do contexto sobre a autopercep??o dos participantes. Al?m disso, a presente pesquisa tamb?m indicou que as prefer?ncias parecem representar as escolhas para as caracter?sticas mais 6 importantes para cada sexo, sendo as demais caracter?sticas moduladas provavelmente pela qualidade de parceiros dispon?veis no ambiente. / In general, men and women look for characteristics that can indicate improvement of their reproductive success in their romantic partners. However, partner choice is not only based on what the individual want in a partner, but he/she also takes into consideration how they perceive themselves in a determined environment, in a way that self-perception can change according to the context where the individual is inserted in. Besides the environment, self-esteem can be a factor that modifies romantic partner preferences and the way that people choose these partners for being able to influence how people evaluate themselves. Most of the studies that originate today?s universal standards in the study of romantic partner were conducted with undergraduate students, which may limit the coverage of the conclusions for contemplating people of the same educational level and probably also socioeconomic status (SES). The present research, held in Brazil, where the social inequality rate is high, and part in Canada, country with low social inequality, had as goal verifying romantic partners preferences and choices and self-evaluation as romantic partners in different educational level and SES. Men, mainly of low SES, tend to prioritize social status when looking for a romantic partner while the universal pattern is the preference for physical attractiveness, and women of low SES seem to be aware of this preference when expressing that social status is important for their self-perception. In addition, the results corroborate the influence of the context, selfesteem, and SES in the self-perception as a romantic partner, though the latter two appear to modulate how the is the influence of the context on participants? perception. Moreover, this research also indicated that the preferences appear to represent the choices for the most important characteristics for each sex, being the other characteristics probably modulated by the quantity of available participants in the environment.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-06T20:38:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TiagoSiebertAltavini_TESE.pdf: 2131166 bytes, checksum: e6857312ffe2ac0d8a4cdc18238707e4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-08T17:47:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TiagoSiebertAltavini_TESE.pdf: 2131166 bytes, checksum: e6857312ffe2ac0d8a4cdc18238707e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-08T17:47:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TiagoSiebertAltavini_TESE.pdf: 2131166 bytes, checksum: e6857312ffe2ac0d8a4cdc18238707e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-29 / A atividade cerebral espont?nea exibe padr?es que lembram o de coativa??o de conjuntos neuronais em resposta a est?mulos ou tarefas. Estes padr?es tem sido atribu?dos a arquitetura funcional do c?rebro, e.g. conex?es de longo alcance em patches (manchas, fragmentos). N?s investigamos diretamente a contribui??o destas conex?es em patches entre hemisf?rios para mapas espont?neos e evocados na ?rea 18 pr?xima a borda 17/18 de gatos. Registramos mapas com imageamento por votage-sensitive dye (VSD) e atividade despiking enquanto manipulamos o input interhemisf?rico pela desativa??o revers?vel das ?reas correspondentes contralaterais. Durante a desativa??o os mapas espont?neos continuaram sendo gerados com frequ?ncia e qualidade semelhante ao da rede intacta, mas um vi?s de orienta??es cardinais desapareceu. Neur?nios com prefer?ncia por orienta??es horizontais (HN) ou verticais (VN), ao contr?rio dos de prefer?ncia obl?qua, diminuiram sua atividade de repouso, no entanto, HN tiveram a atividade diminu?da mesmo quando estimulados visualmente. Conclu?mos que mapas espont?neos estruturados s?o primariamente gerados por conex?es t?lamo- e/ou intracorticais. Entretanto, conex?es de longo alcance pelo corpo caloso - como um prolongamento da rede de longo alcance intracortical - contribui para um vi?s cardinal, possivelmente porque estas conex?es s?o mais fortes ou mais frequentes entre neur?nios preferindo orienta??es horizontais e/ou cardinais. Estes contornos s?o mais f?ceis de perceber e aparecem com mais frequ?ncia no ambiente natural, cone x?es de longo alcance podem prover o c?rtex visual com um grid de opera??es probabil?sticas de agrupamento em uma cena visual maior. / In the primary visual cortex, neurons with similar physiological features are clustered together in columns extending through all six cortical layers. These columns form modular orientation preference maps. Long-range lateral fibers are associated to the structure of orientation maps since they do not connect columns randomly; they rather cluster in regular intervals and interconnect predominantly columns of neurons responding to similar stimulus features. Single orientation preference maps ? the joint activation of domains preferring the same orientation - were observed to emerge spontaneously and it was speculated whether this structured ongoing activation could be caused by the underlying patchy lateral connectivity. Since long-range lateral connections share many features, i.e. clustering, orientation selectivity, with visual inter-hemispheric connections (VIC) through the corpus callosum we used the latter as a model for long-range lateral connectivity. In order to address the question of how the lateral connectivity contributes to spontaneously generated maps of one hemisphere we investigated how these maps react to the deactivation of VICs originating from the contralateral hemisphere. To this end, we performed experiments in eight adult cats. We recorded voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging and electrophysiological spiking activity in one brain hemisphere while reversible deactivating the other hemisphere with a cooling technique. In order to compare ongoing activity with evoked activity patterns we first presented oriented gratings as visual stimuli. Gratings had 8 different orientations distributed equally between 0? and 180?. VSD imaged frames obtained during ongoing activity conditions were then compared to the averaged evoked single orientation maps in three different states: baseline, cooling and recovery. Kohonen self-organizing maps were also used as a means of analysis without prior assumption (like the averaged single condition maps) on ongoing activity. We also evaluated if cooling had a differential effect on evoked and ongoing spiking activity of single units. We found that deactivating VICs caused no spatial disruption on the structure of either evoked or ongoing activity maps. The frequency with which a cardinally preferring (0? or 90?) map would emerge, however, decreased significantly for ongoing but not for evoked activity. The same result was found by training self-organizing maps with recorded data as input. Spiking activity of cardinally preferring units also decreased significantly for ongoing when compared to evoked activity. Based on our results we came to the following conclusions: 1) VICs are not a determinant factor of ongoing map structure. Maps continued to be spontaneously generated with the same quality, probably by a combination of ongoing activity from local recurrent connections, thalamocortical loop and feedback connections. 2) VICs account for a cardinal bias in the temporal sequence of ongoing activity patterns, i.e. deactivating VIC decreases the probability of cardinal maps to emerge spontaneously. 3) Inter- and intrahemispheric long-range connections might serve as a grid preparing primary visual cortex for likely junctions in a larger visual environment encompassing the two hemifields.