The right to have the assistance of defense attorney and to consult with him the way of defense is a part of the right of defense - a basic right in democratic countries, which is expressed in article 40 of Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms and also in various international treaties. The function of defense attorney in the criminal proceedings is irreplaceable. He provides legal aid though all stages of criminal procedure, but I concentrate on his role in preliminary procedure. The defense attorney defends his client from the beginning of criminal prosecution, but advocate can render help even before the criminal prosecution starts, during providing explanation. A right of defense attorney to search out evidence, present evidence and put it forward belongs among the means, which a defense attorney can use to defend his client and affect the course of criminal proceeding. Another right of defense attorney is to participate in the investigative act and the right to see the criminal file. Other rights of the defense counsel are listed in §41 of the criminal procedure code. My thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter deals with the right of fair trial and a right of defense. The following chapters describe preliminary procedure and the role of defense attorney in particular forms of...

Resumé This thesis titled The Scope of the Prosecutor in the Preliminary Criminal Proceedings presents a compact view on the prosecutor's role and activities in the preliminary proceedings. At this stage, the prosecutor has a vital role and is regarded as the master of the preliminary proceedings (dominus litis), for he carries the ultimate responsibility for its results. In the court proceedings, where he is accorded the party status, the prosecutor represents the public prosecution. In relation to the police authorities, the prosecutor has a number of privileges that enable him to supervise the adherence of legality in the preliminary proceedings. The work is divided into four main chapters. The first chapter discusses the legal base of prosecution as a body of public prosecution in the criminal proceedings. This chapter also characterizes the institute of external and internal supervision within the system of prosecution. The second chapter defines the preliminary proceedings as an obligatory, pre-trial part of every criminal proceeding. Furthermore, this chapter elaborates individual functions of the preliminary proceedings, including its forms and stages. The core of the thesis is the third chapter, which defines the actual scope of the prosecutor. First, this part deals with the prosecutor's...

Title A comparison between top European teams performances Objectives − to focus on women's world football trends − to compare between Czech club or national team and top European teams − to analyze football systems, basic formations, set pieces solving − to evaluate qualitative and quantitative data and situation which was researched − to evaluate the research − to suggest a groundwork to training process Methods I used both direct and indirect observation methods in particular football matches. I had both videos available, even in one of the matches I attend as a player. I was researching particular game elements quantitatively and qualitatively as well. Base to the evaluation of the matches, I tried to suggest appropriate practice to eliminate deficiencies, which could be further used in training process. Results Results show the position of Czech women's football in Europe, the comparison between top European teams and if any of Czech teams could success in strong competition. Further, results show model situation of teams in offensive system and how the goals are scored. Also, results led to point out the deficiencies in Czech women's football with offering of solutions. Key words Women's football, quantitative and qualitative research, AC Sparta Prague, Olympique Lyon, national team, Czech...

Participation of the Counsel in the Preliminary Proceedings A right of defence is one of basic rights of democratic state of law. It is contained in various international treaties and also in our constitution, namely in article 40 of Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms. In case of criminal procedure it is further adjusted in Criminal Procedure. Representation by a defence counsel is one of the main ways how to fulfill a right of defence. A defence counsel becomes essential compoment of criminal procedure. Especially in preliminary procedure is defence counsel and his services irreplaceable. For that reason I decided to examine the role of defence counsel in preliminary procedure. My diploma thesis consists of five chapters, whilst first chapter is introduction and last conclusion. First chapter is an introduction into topic of right of defence and role of defence counsel in criminal procedure. It also deals with legal sources of right of defence and its brief history form 1873Criminal procedure until recent Criminal procedure. In second chapter of my thesis I deal with right of defence in general and with different concepts in several subheads. Therefore subheads deal with problems of representation by defence counsel and subsequent mandatory defence. Subheads also deal with chosen and...

This thesis is concerned by programming language Python and its suitability of his assignment to the tuition. The work is divided into three dominant parts. The first part describes programming language Python, its elementary characteristics and features. The purpose is to introduce its properties to the reader so that he could estimate if there is point in the deeper concern. There are elements of object-oriented programming in description, too. The second part analyses programming language Python on the basis of ten criteria which are defined considering applicability of the language in preliminary courses of programming. The purpose is to review if the Python is appropriate in these courses. The third part considers the possibilities of the Python tuition at the University of Economics in Prague. The main contribution of the thesis is to give opinion on the fundamental description of the language, to define framework and to pass judgment on the potential chance of use in preliminary courses of programming.

Cette thèse introduit le concept de comportement géométrique d'un assemblage mécanique. Cette notion permet de rendre compte du caractère assemblable ou mobile d'un mécanisme sous la forme d'un système de relations algébriques entre les paramètres géométriques permettant de le décrire. Dans un premier temps, cette thèse montre l'intérêt de ce concept pour traiter des problèmes faisant intervenir plusieurs effets physiques et plusieurs scénarios d'utilisation. Ce chapitre est appliqué à l'étude de l'assemblabilité d'un treillis pyramidal de conception à 4 barres décrit par un modèle géométrique non cartésien issu de la littérature. Dans un second temps, après avoir constaté le manque de modèles adaptés permettant de représenter des mécanismes mobiles, ce travail en propose un non cartésien. Il détaille aussi une méthode de mise en équation afin de traduire la mobilité d'un mécanisme. Une application de ce modèle et de la méthode est également faite. Elle permet de résoudre localement le problème de la mobilité d'un mécanisme de Bennett. Enfin, la dernière partie de ce travail expose une solution pour associer et comparer deux objets décrits par des représentations non cartésiennes. Cette technique est utile pour comparer deux états physiques du même objet utilisé dans différents scénarios pour assurer le suivi d'une exigence géométrique. Elle peut également être utilisée pour associer des objets réels et des objets idéalisés pour traiter des problèmes de tolérancement / This thesis introduces the concept of geometrical behavior of mechanical assembly. The geometrical behavior is constituted by a set of algebraic relations that translate the assemblability or mobility conditions of a product. It is expressed thanks to a specific geometrical model for the early phases of product design. Firstly, this work shows the interest of the geometrical behavior to tackle multi-physics problems at the early stages of product design. This part is illustrated on a ten bar pyramid subjected to mechanical and thermal strains. Secondly, this thesis proposes a coordinate free geometrical model dedicated to the representation of mobile mechanisms. This part also indicates a technique to express the mobility conditions of a loop as mathematical equations. An application of these model and technique is proposed to express the geometrical behavior of the Bennett mechanism. Finally, this work exposes a solution to associate and compare two objects described in the above-mentioned coordinate free model. This technique is useful to compare two states of the same object used under different operating conditions. It can also be used to associate ideal and real objects to tackle tolerancing issues.

O presente trabalho trata das tutelas antecipadas em processos coletivos a partir do tratamento legal diferenciado dado pelo legislador e das considerações jurídicas não-legais próprias do seu objeto. Por meio de estudo comparado, o trabalho pretende enfrentar as dificuldades inerentes à complexidade das relações envolvidas, dando especial atenção à função do desenho da tutela antecipada, ao conceito de irreparabilidade e irreversibilidade, e à aplicação dos requisitos balance of hardships e interesse público. A análise passa pelas teorias da decisão judicial a fim de dar perspectiva à necessidade de um procedimento deliberativo mais complexo e minucioso para fins de responsividade das decisões judiciais. Ademais, explorase a adjudicaçãoo pragmática elaborada por Richard Posner e pretende-se sua aplicação aos processos coletivos por meio da introdução da análise de custo-benefício como procedimento decisório welfarista moralmente relevante, mas não moralmente decisivo. / This thesis focuses on the preliminary injunctions in class actions, having as the starting point the different legal treatment given by the legislator and the non-legal jurídical considerations that flows from its nature. By means of a comparative study, the work intends to face the inherent difficuties of the complex relationships entailed, paying extra attention to the function of the preliminary injunction structure, to the concept of irreparability and irreversibility, and to the way the requirements of balance of hardships and public interest apply. The analysis passes through the theories of the judicial decision-making process in order to give perspective to the need of more complex deliberative proceedings which must be done in full details to reach accountability. Furthermore, the work explores the pragmatic adjudication elaborated by Richard Posner and intends its application to class actions by means of the introduction of cost-benefit analysis as a welfarist decision-making procedure that is morally relevant, but not morally decisive.

O Reator Nuclear de Pesquisa IEA-R1 em operação desde 1957 no Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP) é um dos reatores mais antigos do mundo em operação. Em algum momento no futuro, a exemplo de outros reatores, será desligado definitivamente. Antes de chegar este momento a organização operadora precisa planejar o futuro de suas instalações e definir o destino que pretende dar aos equipamentos e materiais radioativos e não radioativos que se encontram no interior das instalações. Estas questões devem estar contidas no chamado \"Plano de Descomissionamento Preliminar da Instalação\" que é o tema deste trabalho. O trabalho apresenta inicialmente uma visão geral sobre este tema e relaciona os objetivos gerais e específicos para sua realização, descrevendo a seguir, as diretrizes que a organização operadora deve considerar para formulação de um plano de descomissionamento. A estrutura atual do setor nuclear brasileiro enfatizando principalmente as normas utilizadas no gerenciamento do rejeito radioativo é apresentada. Uma descrição dos principais equipamentos do reator IEA-R1 que constituem o seu inventário radioativo e não radioativo é apresentada. O trabalho enfatiza também a experiência adquirida pelo corpo técnico do reator com as reformas e modificações realizadas na instalação durante sua vida útil. Esta experiência pode ser de grande valia por ocasião do descomissionamento do reator no futuro. Um experimento usando o método de espectrometria gama de alta resolução e cálculo computacional através da teoria de Monte Carlo foi realizado com o objetivo de se obter uma estimativa do volume de rejeito radioativo gerado pelo desmantelamento das paredes de concreto da piscina do reator. O custo do descomissionamento em função da estratégia escolhida é determinado utilizando o código CERREX. Por fim, é realizada uma discussão sobre as diferentes estratégias consideradas. Na base destas discussões conclui-se que a estratégia mais vantajosa a ser adotada no caso deste reator é aquela que preserva o seu prédio e instalações anexas, tendo em vista o grande volume de rejeito radioativo e custos sensivelmente maiores que resultariam com o seu desmantelamento. É sugerida a preservação de parte das equipes de operação, manutenção, proteção radiológica e física da instalação e utilização do prédio do reator e anexos para divulgação da energia nuclear através de sua transformação em um museu, uma vez que este foi o primeiro reator nuclear construído no Brasil e, desde sua inauguração, tem sido utilizado como forma de divulgação da energia nuclear no país. / The IEA-R1 Nuclear Research Reactor, in operation since 1957, in the Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP), is one of the oldest research reactors in the world. However at some point in time in the future, as example of the other reactors, it will be shutdown definitively. Before that time actually arrives, the operational organization needs to plan the future of its installations and define the final destination of equipment and radioactive as well as non-radioactive material contained inside the installations. These and other questions should be addressed in the so called Preliminary decommissioning plan of the installation, which is the subject of this work. The work initially presents an over view about the theme and defines the general and specific objectives describing, in succession, the directions that the operating organization should consider for the formulation of a decommissioning plan. The present structure of the Brazilian nuclear sector emphasizing principally the norms utilized in the management of radioactive waste is also presented. A description of principle equipment of the IEA-R1 reactor which constitutes its inventory of radioactive and non-radioactive material is given. The work emphasizes the experience of the reactor technicians, acquired during several reforms and modifications of the reactor installations realized during its useful life time. This experience may be of great help for the decommissioning in the future. An experiment using the high resolution gamma spectrometric method and computer calculation using Monte Carlo teory were performed with the objective of obtaining an estimate of the radioactive waste produced from dismantling of the reactor pool walls. The cost of reactor decommissioning for different choices of strategies was determined using the CERREX code. Finally, a discussion about different strategies is presented. On the basis of these discussions it is concluded that the most advantageous strategy that can be adopted in the case of this reactor is the one which preserves its building and installations, in view of the fact that a large volume of radioactive waste which will be produced and consequently a much higher costs that will result if dismantling of the reactor is decided. It is suggested that a part of the team of the technicians of reactor operation and maintenance and radiation protection services should be retained and the reactor with its building and annexes should be used for disseminating the information about the nuclear energy by transforming it in to a museum. This has been the first nuclear reactor built in Brazil and since its inauguration, has been, constantly utilized for disseminating information about the nuclear energy in the country.

This thesis deals with the verification procedure, which is the first part of the preliminary proceeding and thus part of criminal proceedings. The introductory part of the thesis briefly covers basic instruments of the preliminary proceeding including the investigation phase whose knowledge is key to realize the position and importance of the verification procedure in the overall structure of the criminal proceedings. Bodies that are involved in the criminal proceedings are discussed including their definition, organization and determination of their competence in the verification procedure. The core of the thesis is divided into several parts that deal with the analysis of the verification procedure as well as activities that precede the formal beginning of the criminal proceedings. The ways are discussed by which bodies become aware of offences as well as the first steps of the police authority in the unofficial phase that precedes the criminal proceedings. The core part of the thesis also looks at the prosecutor's and especially police authority's powers that are typical of this phase and whose records are not directly admissible as evidence before court. On the other hand, exceptional cases are also discussed where the evidence must be executed in this phase with specific focus on the...

Preparation of a hearing in the civil procedure Abstract This thesis deals with the preparation of a hearing in the civil procedure defined by its objective - to hear a case in the fastest possible manner hand in hand with provision of a brief and fair decision, in principle, in one hearing. The first chapter of this thesis is dedicated to defining the purpose of the preparation of a hearing in the civil procedure and outlines the possible differences in contentious and non- contentious proceedings. The second chapter summarizes the historical development within our territory from its very beginnings in the Middle Ages to the current legislation. Subsequently, the third chapter delves into the fundamental principles on which the civil procedure is built upon, as well as the preparation of the hearing. The foundation of this thesis is the fourth chapter, which analyses the various process and instruments of the preparation of the hearing in detail. Firstly, attention is focused on examining the proposal for proceedings' initiation, the fulfilment of the proceedings' conditions and the fee obligation. Afterwards, individual instruments are analysed in depth, for instance the call to correct a submission, the simple call for a response, the qualified call for a response, the preliminary hearing in contentious...