Purpose: The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of useful revenue models for B2B oriented providers of on-premises software. To fulfill the purpose, two research questions are answered. RQ1: What revenue models are commonly used by B2B providers of on-premises software?  RQ2: What are the advantages and disadvantages with the different models? Method: An interview study was conducted, with a total of nine respondents. eight respondents representing B2B software providers, and one respondent experienced with software procurement who provided a customer point of view. The interviews were transcribed and analysed through a thematical analysis, where codes were generated and sorted depending on which revenue model the respondent was talking about. Findings: The findings contain five revenue models that is viable to use in order to monetize on-premises software for B2B providers. Subscription and perpetual licensing, which seem very popular and where there is a trend to move towards subscription. Usage-based revenue models, which carry good potential if the provider can measure customers’ usage in a reliable and secure way. Open source offers multiple ways to generate revenue from the software, mainly by creating additional services. Lastly, the study found a respondent with experience of using a gain-sharing model. Strengths and weaknesses have been identified for all of the models, which enables better evaluation to which situations they are suitable selections for software providers. The findings are also compared towards existing theory related to the revenue models. Implications: The results contribute towards extending the knowledge of revenue models for provision of on-premises software, how the industry operates today and what pros and cons that are associated to various models. The results may be used by managers to improve their business models by making better decisions about revenue model design, and it provides a more updated picture of current state of business which allows future research to continue exploring how software providers may optimize their revenue models. Limitations and future research: The study contain information from nine industry experts, but it would still be beneficial to continue studying the industry and generating more views of various ways to monetize software. Focus could be put on interviewing people outside of Sweden or how software providers’ competitive situations affect revenue model suitability. / Syfte: Den här studiens syfte är att öka förståelsen för intäktsmodeller användbara för B2B-leverantörer av lokalt installerad mjukvara. Syftet ska uppnås genom att besvara följande två forskningsfrågor. RQ1: Vilka intäktsmodeller är vanligt förekommande bland B2B leverantörer av lokalt installerad mjukvara? RQ2: Vad är för- och nackdelarna med de olika modellerna? Metod: En intervjustudie med totalt nio respondenter genomfördes där åtta respondenter representerade B2B-leverantörer av mjukvara, och där den nionde bidrog med ett kundperspektiv på mjukvaruinköp. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades genom tematisk analys. Resultat: Studiens resultat består av fem intäktsmodeller som bedöms vara användbara för att tjäna pengar på lokalt installerad mjukvara som B2B leverantör. Prenumerationslösningar och evighetslicensiering, som verkar väldigt populära och med en trend som pekar på ökad användning av prenumerationer. Användningsbaserade intäktsmodeller, vilka bedöms ha stor potential om leverantören har möjlighet att mäta kundernas användning pålitligt och säkert sätt. Öppen källkod(open source) erbjuder flertalet sätt att generera intäkter från mjukvaran, främst genom skapandet av servicetjänster. Slutligen så identifierades studien en respondent med erfarenhet av att använda vinstdelning som intäktsmodell för lokalt installerad mjukvara. För- och nackdelar identifierades för alla fem modeller, vilket möjliggör bättre grundade beslut gällande när intäktsmodeller är lämpliga att användas av mjukvaruleverantörer. Resultaten jämförs även med befintlig teori kopplad till de olika intäktsmodellerna. Implikationer: Resultaten bidrar till att utöka kunskapen of intäktsmodeller för tillhandahållande av lokalt installerad mjukvara, hur branschen arbetar i dagsläget samt vilka för- och nackdelar som medförs av de olika modellerna. Resultaten kan nyttjas för att förbättra affärsmodeller genom att möjliggöra bättre beslut angående utformning av intäktsmodell, och bidrar även genom att tillhandahålla en uppdaterad beskrivning av det befintliga affärsläget vilket underlättar för framtida forskning på hur mjukvaruleverantörer kan optimera sina intäktsmodeller. Begränsningar och framtida forskning: Studien innehåller information från nio branschexperter, men det vore ändå vara fördelaktigt att fortsatt studera branschen och generera ytterliga synpunkter kring möjliga sätt att skapa intäkter från mjukvara. Fokus skulle kunna läggas på att intervjua personer utanför Sverige eller på att studera hur mjukvaruleverantörers konkurrenssituation påverkar intäktsmodellers lämplighet.

Text in Afrikaans / In die verhandeling word die vergestalting van die sprokiemotief in die tekste, Griet skryf 'n sprokie deur Marita van der Vyver (1992) en Weerkaatsings - 'n sprokie deur Eleanor Baker (1984) nagegaan. Die doel is om vas te stel op watter wyse hierdie "kindgerigte" genre op die literere vlak van die volwasse leser omvorm word. Om hierdie doel te bereik word eerstens 'n begripsverkenning van die sprokie as epiese genre gedoen. In die verkenning van die genre val die soeklig nie net op die Westerse sprokie nie, maar daar word ook gefokus op die inheemse SuidAfrikaanse sprokie. Tweedens word aan die hand van hierdie teoretiese raamwerk 'n noukeurige analise gemaak van die vergestalting van die sprokiemotief binne die twee primere tekste. Die sprokieselemente in Griet skryf 'n sprokie en Weerkaatsings - 'n sprokie word uitgelig en die hantering daarvan vergelykend ondersoek / In the dissertation the manifestation of the fairytale motif in the texts, Griet skryf 'n sprokie by Marita van der Vyver (1992), and Weerkaatsings 'n sprokie by Eleanor Baker (1984) is investigated. The purpose is to ascertain the manner in which this "child-centred" genre is transformed on the literary level of the adult reader. To achieve this goal, a conceptualization of the fairytale as an epic genre is firstly undertaken. In the exploration of the genre, the search light does not only focus on the Western but also on the indigenous South African fairytale. Secondly, by means of this theoretical framework, a detailed analysis is made of the manifestation of the fairytale motif in the two primary texts. The elements of the fairytale in Griet skryf 'n sprokie and Weerkaatsings - 'n sprokie are highlighted and the handling thereof comparatively investigated / Afrikaans & Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)

Les contre-exemples de Frankfurt sont inoffensifs contre l’argument de la conséquence (consequence argument), l’argument qui, à partir du principe des possibilités alternatives et du déterminisme, montre que nous ne pouvons être tenus moralement responsables de nos actions. En effet, ils sont formulés soit dans un cadre déterministe, soit dans un cadre indéterministe. S’ils sont formulés dans un cadre indéterministe, ils sont inoffensifs parce qu’ils contreviennent à un principe méthodologique que nous défendons : le principe de non-négation des prémisses (PNNP). En fait, nous montrons que pour tout argument donné, il est proscrit de supposer la négation d’une prémisse afin de réfuter une autre prémisse à moins que l’attaque réussisse à réfuter les deux prémisses en question. Or, d’une part, les contre-exemples de Frankfurt indéterministes supposent explicitement qu’une prémisse de l’argument de la conséquence – le déterminisme est vrai – est fausse; et d’autre part, ils ne peuvent pas nous donner de raisons de croire en l’indéterminisme, ce que nous montrons grâce à des considérations sur la transmission de la justification. Construire des contre-exemples de Frankfurt indéterministes est donc incorrect pour des raisons méthodologiques et logiques. S’ils sont formulés dans un cadre déterministe, les contre-exemples de Frankfurt font face à une autre accusation d’entorse argumentative, présentée dans la défense du dilemme (Dilemma Defence) de Kane-Ginet-Widerker : celle de la pétition de principe. Nous inspectons et nuançons cette accusation, mais concluons qu’elle tient puisque les contre-exemples de Frankfurt déterministes supposent au final une analyse des agents contrefactuels dans les mondes déterministes et de la relation « rendre inévitable » que ne peuvent endosser ni les incompatibilistes de la marge de manœuvre (leeway incompatibilists), ni les incompatibilistes de la source (source incompatibilists) ni non plus les semicompatibilistes. Conséquemment, les contre-exemples de Frankfurt ne peuvent plus soutenir la forme de compatibilisme à laquelle ils ont donné naissance. L’incompatibilisme de la source ne peut plus être préféré à l’incompatibilisme de la marge de manœuvre ni non plus rejeter toute participation des possibilités alternatives dans l’explication de la responsabilité morale sur cette seule base. / Frankfurt-type examples are inoffensive against the Consequence argument, which purports to show that from both the principle of alternative possibilities and determinism, we can deduce that we are not morally responsible for our actions. Indeed, they require either a deterministic context or an indeterministic one. If they require indeterminism, they are harmless because they violate a methodological principle that we defend: the no-premise-negation principle (PNNP). In fact, we show that for each given argument, we cannot legitimately suppose the negation of a premise in order to refute another, unless the attack succeeds to refute both premises. Yet, on the one hand, indeterministic Frankfurt-type examples explicitly suppose that a premise of the Consequence argument – determinism holds – is false; and on the other hand, Frankfurt-type examples do not give us reasons to reject determinism, which we show with considerations on the transmission of justification. To build indeterministic Frankfurt scenarios is therefore incorrect for methodological and logical reasons. If they require determinism, Frankfurt-type examples are facing a different, yet very serious, argumentative accusation (presented in the Kane-Ginet-Widerker famous Dilemma defence): begging the question. We inspect and qualify this accusation. However, we ultimately claim that it still holds because a deterministic Frankfurt-type example supposes an analysis of the role of counterfactual agents and of the relation “render inevitable” in deterministic worlds that is acceptable neither for a leeway incompatibilist, a source incompatibilist or a semicompatibilist. Thus, Frankfurt-type examples no longer successfully support the form of compatibilism they contributed to give birth to. Also, source incompatibilism may not be preferred to leeway incompatibilism, nor reject all use of alternative possibilities in the explanation of moral responsibility on the sole basis of Frankfurt scenarios.

Text in Afrikaans / In die verhandeling word die vergestalting van die sprokiemotief in die tekste, Griet skryf 'n sprokie deur Marita van der Vyver (1992) en Weerkaatsings - 'n sprokie deur Eleanor Baker (1984) nagegaan. Die doel is om vas te stel op watter wyse hierdie "kindgerigte" genre op die literere vlak van die volwasse leser omvorm word. Om hierdie doel te bereik word eerstens 'n begripsverkenning van die sprokie as epiese genre gedoen. In die verkenning van die genre val die soeklig nie net op die Westerse sprokie nie, maar daar word ook gefokus op die inheemse SuidAfrikaanse sprokie. Tweedens word aan die hand van hierdie teoretiese raamwerk 'n noukeurige analise gemaak van die vergestalting van die sprokiemotief binne die twee primere tekste. Die sprokieselemente in Griet skryf 'n sprokie en Weerkaatsings - 'n sprokie word uitgelig en die hantering daarvan vergelykend ondersoek / In the dissertation the manifestation of the fairytale motif in the texts, Griet skryf 'n sprokie by Marita van der Vyver (1992), and Weerkaatsings 'n sprokie by Eleanor Baker (1984) is investigated. The purpose is to ascertain the manner in which this "child-centred" genre is transformed on the literary level of the adult reader. To achieve this goal, a conceptualization of the fairytale as an epic genre is firstly undertaken. In the exploration of the genre, the search light does not only focus on the Western but also on the indigenous South African fairytale. Secondly, by means of this theoretical framework, a detailed analysis is made of the manifestation of the fairytale motif in the two primary texts. The elements of the fairytale in Griet skryf 'n sprokie and Weerkaatsings - 'n sprokie are highlighted and the handling thereof comparatively investigated / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)

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