Användande av komplementära och alternativa metoder (KAM) ökar i samhälletoch studier visar att användning av alternativa och komplementära metoder ökarhos personer med cancer. Det är idag okänt för sjukvården vilka KAM patienteranvänder sig av. Patienter berättar gärna om sin användning av KAM förvårdpersonalen om de blir tillfrågade, men det kan uppfattas som ett ointresse frånsjukvården om de inte blir tillfrågade. I en patientsäker vård av god kvalité börsjuksköterskan ha en god beredskap för att informera om den forskning som finnsoch kunna möta patientens frågor i en öppen och respektfull dialog om KAM.Syftet med studien var att kartlägga hur sjuksköterskor inom en onkologiskverksamhet uppfattar sin beredskap för dialog om KAM. En enkät skickades till137 sjuksköterskor verksamma inom onkologiska vårdenheter vid ettuniversitetssjukhus i Sverige, 103 (75 %) sjuksköterskor valde att delta i studien.Data bearbetades med beskrivande och jämförande statistik. Majoriteten avdeltagande sjuksköterskor skattar sin kunskap om KAM som låg och önskar merkunskap om KAM och dess forskning. Resultatet visar att det är patienten somoftare initierar frågor om KAM med sjuksköterskan än att sjuksköterskan tar uppanvändning av KAM med patienten. Sjuksköterskorna som arbetar inomöppenvårdsenheter får oftare förfrågan om KAM från patienter och har oftaredialog om KAM med kollegor jämfört med sjuksköterskor i slutenvården.Ökadekunskaper om KAM och dess forskning behövs för att sjuksköterskan ska kännasig säker och bekväm i dialogen om KAM med patienterna. / The use of complementary and alternative methods (CAM) is increasing insociety and studies show that the use of CAM also increases among cancerpatients. At this time it is unknown in traditional medicine which methods patientsuse. Patients will talk about their use of CAM with their nurse or physician ifasked but may think it is unimportant to inform about their use of CAM if notasked. To provide a safe and good quality care nurses need to be well prepared foran open minded and respectful dialogue were patients can receive importantinformation about CAM and have their questions about CAM answered. Thepurpose of this study was to inquire how well prepared nurses working inoncology units are for the dialogue on CAM. A questionnaire was distributedto137 nurses working in oncology units at a university hospital in Sweden, 103(75%) nurses responded. Analyses was performed with descriptive andcomparative statistics. The majority of nurses in this study classified theirknowledge about CAM and as low, and wishes to increase their knowledge aboutCAM. Results of this study also show that it is more common for patients toinitiate dialogue about CAM with their nurse than the nurse asking patients aboutuse of CAM. Nurses working in daycare units receive more often questions frompatients and also have more dialogue with colleges about CAM compared withnurses in oncology wards. Nurses need more knowledge about CAM and CAMresearch to feel comfortable and reassuring in a dialogue about CAM withpatients.

This thesis explores the transition from being a social work student to being a professional social worker. This is realised through a two-pronged approach, first a comprehensive literature review and secondly through semi-structured interviews with five students who graduated from their bachelor’s degree in social work at a university in Southern Sweden, January 2020. As these students graduated just as the Covid-19 pandemic was beginning to disrupt the world this is an area which is further explored. The transition from social work student to professional social worker is further analysed using two theories, namely Resilience and Schlossberg’s Transition Theory. The findings from both the literature review and interviews highlight the importance of support, especially from colleagues. Overall, though, social workers can

In the event of a bioterrorist attack, emergency departments are considered the first line of response for all acute levels of care. This study focused on hospital emergency departments in Florida and the activities, policies, and procedures involved in preparing for a bioterrorist attack. Hospital size, location, and system affiliation were related to attaining these levels, and their impact was assessed. Through a cross-sectional survey design, the physical properties of the 77 hospitals (i.e. facilities, equipment, communication systems, etc.), and the social characteristics of the organizations (managerial functions including: planning, training, financial, and environmental characteristics) were examined. One-way analysis of variance and t-tests revealed that bed size was a significant predictor of mean levels of preparedness. In addition, although more hospitals are conducting training activities, a disconnect between plans and communications of said plans still exists along with many deficiencies still needing to be corrected. Study limitations are discussed and important policy implications are presented. Suggestions for improving preparedness levels and implementing new policies include: conducting training exercises, developing community ties and mutual aid agreements, and using information technology with detection of an event and communication of the information garnered from these efforts.

The terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001 and the subsequent anthrax mail attack have forced health care administrators and policy makers to place a new emphasis on disaster planning at hospital facilities--specifically bioterrorism planning. Yet how does one truly "prepare" for the unpredictable? In spite of accreditation requirements, which demand hospitals put in to place preparations to deal with bioterrorism events, a recent study from the General Accounting Office (GAO) concluded that most hospitals are still not capable of dealing with such threats (Gonzalez, 2004). This dissertation uses computer simulation modeling to test the effectiveness of bioterrorism planning at a local hospital facility in Central Florida, Winter Park Memorial Hospital. It is limited to the response plan developed by the hospital's Emergency Department. It evaluates the plan's effectiveness in dealing with an inhalational anthrax attack. Using Arena computer simulation software, and grounded within the theoretical framework of Complexity Science, we were able to test the effectiveness of the response plan in relation to Emergency Department bed capacity. Our results indicated that the response plan's flexibility was able to accommodate an increased patient load due to an attack, including an influx of the "worried well." Topics of future work and study are proposed.

The Turkish National Police converted its 9-month Police Training Schools to 2-year college degree programs in 2001 in their pursuit to improve the quality of police officers' job performance, police job preparedness levels, and the police service as a whole. The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual benefits of this higher education policy by empirically measuring and comparing the job preparedness and job performance of police officers with higher education and police officers without higher education. This study consists of two quantitative parts. The first part measured the job performance construct with multiple indicators, including performance evaluation scores, numbers of received official awards, and appreciation letters. The second part of the study measured the perception of officer's job preparedness levels through a self-report survey. The structural equation modeling technique was utilized to evaluate the latent constructs. A response rate of 55.5% was attained--500 out of 900. The study found that there were statistically significant positive relationships between police officers' level of education and job preparedness, as well as between police officers' level of education and job performance. Statistically significant relationships between jurisdiction sizes, assignment type, and perception of job performance with job performance and preparedness were also found. However, no significant relationships between gender, age, and marital status were identified with job performance and preparedness. Among the variables, education had the strongest influence on officers' job performance and preparedness. In addition, a negative relationship exists between officers' perception of self-performance ratings and observed job performance ratings, suggesting that officers that rated their job performance levels higher were actually the ones with lower observed job performance ratings. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on criminal justice and public policy not only in Turkey, but also internationally.

This study aims to apply a rural perspective in an area where the politics assume an urban norm. Considering the special circumstances in the rural areas of Sweden in terms of geographics and access to services it is substantial to map in what ways these areas differ from the urban life. Hence, this study constitutes a contribution to crisis management in Sweden by introducing the rural perspective and applying in what ways social capital plays a role in strengthening the community resilience. Previous studies have shown that the informal household preparedness is essential to the rural life and how knowledge and experience makes a difference in how different households prepare for crisis. The study is qualitative with an inductive approach and utilizes both an interview study based on semi structured interviews as the main empirical material, as well as a text study to provide supplementary empirical evidence to the conclusions. The informants that take part in the study provides three different practical perspectives along with further empirical material to broaden the conclusions.

No description available.

Climate change will most likely increase the frequency of weather extremes in the future. Events such as heat waves may occur more often and proceed for longer time. Heat can have a huge impact on people’s health and higher mortality rates during heat waves are seen all over the world. In Sweden the local municipality has the responsibility for both healthcare of elder and community functions like drinking water. This study aimed to investigate how local Swedish municipalities work proactive against heat waves and if that differs between various geographic parts of the country. A survey was sent out to all local municipalities and got a response rate of 43%, 129 answers of 290. The result showed that nearly 83% of the respondents worked proactive against heat waves in some sort. Actions that they reported was mainly about developing routines and buying air conditions. Focus was to locate these actions in facilities like eldercare and healthcare for vulnerable groups. The proactive work was evenly distributed over the country and no geographic variations could be detected. The most prominent way to prevent health issues during heat waves is to be prepared and work with action plans before the heat occurs. This study indicates that proactive work against heat waves is something that a majority of the local Swedish municipalities work with. That can be seen as positive indication of the preparedness for future heat waves.

Since the end of the Cold War, security and security threats have transcended beyond the traditional security aspects due to changed global interactions in the facets of economic, political, diplomatic and even domestic policies of individual states. The ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine has not only heightened defence and security concerns in Europe and globally but has also revived the Cold War security tensions in some way necessitating an understanding of how contemporary security threats and crisis preparedness are perceived by civilians in this modern day and age.  Building from Ontological Security theory which holds that when an individual's sense of self and stability is challenged, they experience enormous anxiety, this study examines the attitudes and perceptions of the youths (many of whom were born and raised in the post-Cold War era) on security threats as well as their knowledge and trust in the government's civil defence and crisis preparedness in Växjö, Sweden. The study's analysis concludes that, despite being barely informed on civil defence crisis preparedness, Växjö's youths regard the ongoing war in Ukraine as less threatening to their ontological security but rather other human security issues due to factors like the war's narrative bearing little relevance, youth's media scepticism and refraining from negative news. Furthermore, the findings present a dramatic range of trust among the youths in the government's competence to handle emergencies, reflecting on crisis preparedness knowledge among the youths in Växjö.

Pandemiberedskap är central ur ett säkerhets- och folkhälsoperspektiv. Uppsatsens fokus ligger på existentiell riskuppfattning i Folkhälsomyndighetens pandemiberedskapsplaner från 2019 och 2023. För analysen detta används ett perspektiv som utvecklats av en medicinsk antropolog vid namn Christos Lynteris. På engelska kallar han perspektivet för pandemic imaginary som grovt översatt till svenska blir pandemiska imaginär. Syftet är att undersöka hur riskuppfattningen för närvarande är konstruerad och hur den har förändrats från 2019 till 2023, åren för COVID-19-pandemin. Denna studie kommer inte att undersöka processerna bakom riskuppfattningen, utan enbart hur riskstrukturen ser ut och hur den har förändrats. Studien undersöker hur konceptet hot och värden har förskjutits både i direkta termer som det presenteras i beredskapsplanerna för pandemier och från ett perspektiv av pandemiska imaginär som hjälper till att förklara hur vissa metanarrativ har förskjutits från en mer existentiellt inriktad riskuppfattning 2019 till ett mindre existentiellt inriktat perspektiv 2023. Detta görs genom en kvalitativ systematisk och diskursiv läsning av beredskapsplanerna med fokus på teorin om pandemiska imaginär och riskuppfattning. Resultaten visade en förskjutning från en lågt existentiellt inriktad hotbild 2019 till en ännu lägre existentiellt inriktad hotbild 2023, som kort sagt kan sägas skapa en bild av pandemihotet som icke-existentiellt hotande och likartat till den omfattning som COVID-19 och de influensapandemier som har varit de senaste århundradets pandemier. Det visade också en förskjutning mot ett ökad fokus på individuell frihet och framställde motåtgärderna som tas mot pandemin som ett av de mest centrala hoten i ett pandemiscenario, det vill säga att röra sig bort från död och sjukdom som huvudkaraktär av en pandemi till att en pandemi är en kris och en orsak till samhällsstörning som drabbar individen. Denna uppsats är skriven på engelska.