Architecture is a pathway to capture memories in the physical presence. Like a charm bracelet, a path leads you through individual segments, each telling their own stories. "Community Narratives for Architecture Spaces" investigates how to choreograph design strategies around the memories of the Christiansburg Institute, a historically African American school, and its cultural legacy. Materiality, lighting, and programming articulate specific memories within the spaces of this project. It is essential to have moments highlighting the past, present, and future while individuals maneuver through the site. There is a life cycle where things must end, and new opportunities can grow from them. This cycle can be beautiful yet ugly to navigate through. Architecture highlights the essence of this cycle by portraying how beginnings can be born from the old. An old site can be transformed into a new one, creating new memories and perspectives while preserving existing ones. Christiansburg Institute encompasses all of these beliefs. This design proposal honors the life cycle of the institute. / Master of Architecture / Historically African American school in Southwest Virginia for approximately 100 years. At its prime, it reached over 185 acres with over 14 buildings. It now stands with less than five acres and only one surviving building. This thesis is a design proposal to rejuvenate the current site in honor of its legacy and contributions bestowed to the African American community. Ethnographic storytelling documents the cultural identity of a group of people or a specific experience. Historically, storytelling has documented the history of African American communities. To directly honor the alumni of the site, I interviewed four individuals to discuss their memories of the school's spiritual and physical presence. Their stories will remain documented and help understand the Christiansburg Institute's space and its legacy. These recollections of memory were analyzed and dissected to influence the new design proposal. As an emerging designer, the relationship between social narratives, the role of an architect, and creating community space are imperative. Community members should have a voice in how the design process shapes their neighborhoods and buildings. Community Narratives for Architecture Space; Christiansburg Institute uses Christiansburg Institute as a case study to further explore the process of engaging the community with schematic development procedures. Ideally, these actions will influence future design and planning strategies to be more intentional and inclusive.

No / A laboratory-based experiment was carried out to examine the dissolution characteristics of testate amoebae (Protozoa: Rhizopoda) under acidic conditions. The results suggest a large degree of variability in the dissolution susceptibility of taxa and no straightforward distinction between the relative robustness of xenosomic and idiosomic test types. Individuals from the genus Euglypha have tests composed of thin-walled siliceous plates, which are prone to severe dissolution. Certain other taxa are relatively unaffected by low pH conditions, including Assulina muscorum, Amphitrema flavum and Trigonopyxis arcula type. Differential preservation of subfossil testate amoebae must be acknowledged as a particular problem for peat-based palaeoclimate studies.

Yes / We have read with interest the recent article by Sponsel et al.1 There is much evidence that glaucomatous damage occurs at the optic nerve head,2 and therefore we were surprised by the authors' conjecture that there may be a central mechanism that preserves the binocular visual field in advanced glaucoma.

Historic research into the Virginia Springs reveals a collection of vital interconnected seasonal communities centered on retreat from the unhealthy environs of the coast and devoted to resort in the mountains. Prior to the Civil War the Virginia Springs became renowned internationally as the summer home of the region's and the nation's elite. The collapse of the southern economy during and following the war meant the reorganization and often the failure of most of the Springs. A revival of sorts took place among the Virginia Springs during the late 19th century, consciously referencing the earlier "golden age." Many Springs found new life as schools, church camps, retirement homes and smaller hotels. Many simply left the scene altogether. Today little remains in the landscape to suggest the scale and vitality of many of these dynamic seasonal communities. And yet retreat to a wilderness setting remains appealing. Perhaps most compelling are the persistence of landscape qualities that contributed to their reputations as places of healing and retreat, namely the mountain air, the wild scenery and the healing waters. The Virginia Springs are in fact at an ideal location and represent ideal conditions for a new chapter in our own relationship with wild nature. Preservation efforts ought to focus on articulating such a relationship of building to landscape. While the scale of such a retreat might not equal that of its predecessors, a revived Virginia Spring, such as the Healing Springs of Bath County, can say much about how we find retreat in the 21st century. / Master of Landscape Architecture

No description available.

This paper examines the feasibility of establishing reliable repositories intended for the use of the average individual for the preservation of personal digital objects. Observers of technological change warn of the coming of a "digital dark age." Rather than being systematic, the attempts of the average individual to preserve his or her personal digital objects - photos, documents, music - are ad hoc, at best. Digital archiving involves challenges both in terms of hardware reliability and software obsolescence, and requires a blend of technology platforms, legal and public policies, and organizational structure. These three areas must be combined in a cohesive manner in order to facilitate the preservation of personal digital objects for periods of decades or even centuries. Regarding the issue of technological feasibility, I present an examination of work that has already been performed in the field of digital preservation, including an assessment ofDSpace, an open source platform used in institutional repositories to encapsulate data for long term archival. I then introduce my development of Alexandria@CyberStreet.com as an exploration of how a DSpace installation may be modified to suit the needs of personal archiving. Next, I present an examination of the legal and public policy issues concerning such a repository. Finally, I examine organizations that are devoted to the oversight of long-term endeavors and draw conclusions as to an appropriate administrative structure. I conclude that there are sufficient technological tools, public policies and organizational models in place to enable establishment of reliable, long term repositories for personal digital objects.

Professional builders (PRO's) and do-it-yourself (DIY) households throughout the U.S. were surveyed individually to assess their overall knowledge/awareness, product and service attribute preference and the general product quality and risk perceptions of CCA pressure treated lumber products. Primary data were acquired via two separate nationwide mail surveys; one included 3,361 PRO's, the other was administered to 3,224 households. Findings indicate that each of these retail customer groups is comprised of distinct subsegments that may be distinguished in various ways. These meaningful PRO segmentation strategies emerged from analysis of 543 PRO respondents portraying treated lumber customers according to the following: (1) geographic region as characterized by product and service attribute preferences, opinions, knowledge and demographics, (2) quality perceptions in terms of the relationship between benefits sought and product quality perception opinions and (3) physical risk or safety perceptions based on a risk personality type as delineated further according to three sets of psychographic predictor variable sets. The 491 responding DIY'ers were segmented according to risk perception orientation similarly to the builders. In addition, the DIY'er was profiled with regional breakdowns for treated lumber usage, applications and purchase intent, the husband/wife involvement in treated lumber buying decisions, knowledge, and product and service attribute importance. Consumer knowledge and awareness of pressure treated lumber products, in general, is very low. Only one-third of PRO's and 21% of DIY'ers could recall, unaided, at least one brand of treated lumber. Moreover, approximately one-third of all PRO and DIY respondents are knowledgeable about the preservative chemicals and a mere 38% of the 436 PRO respondents and 23% of the DIY respondents who have used treated lumber products from 1985-1987 could successfully identify the correct response from a multiple choice question which described the contents of Consumer Information Sheets (CIS's). Primarily through reading materials, Permanent Wood Foundations (PWF's) are well known among builders with 70% aware. However, only one-fourth of DIY'ers have ever heard of PWF systems. / Ph. D.

Historic preservation and urban renewal are often thought to be polar opposites. Where one seeks to preserve, the other generally seeks to destroy in order to rebuild. While the programs appear on the surface to be in opposition, this Thesis seeks to demonstrate that there is a fundamental connection between the underlying legal principles of historic zoning and urban renewal. To that end, the jurisprudence involving historic zoning and aesthetic regulations before and after the seminal urban renewal case of Berman v. Parker has been collected and analyzed. This analysis revealed that courts were hesitant to support aesthetic, and by extension would have been unlikely to support historic zoning, prior to the Supreme Court’s validation of urban renewal programs in Berman. For example, in 1949 the Supreme Court of Massachusetts stated that specifically stated that a zoning regulation cannot be enacted solely to preserve the beauty of a community. In Berman, however, the United States Supreme Court justified urban renewal on the basis that governments should be able to condemn and regulate property for the creation of a more attractive community. An analysis of the jurisprudence following Berman indicated that courts were more likely to uphold aesthetic or historic zoning ordinances. For example, in a 1955 opinion, the Supreme Court of Massachusetts cited Berman and stated that, because construction of aesthetically or historically incompatible structures could destroy the historic character of a town, historic zoning ordinances fell within the scope of the police power. In short, the cases identified by this Thesis ultimately indicated that Berman had an impact on the acceptance of aesthetic and historic zoning. Therefore, they suggest that the programs of historic zoning and urban renewal, while seemingly in opposition, share fundamental legal roots.

Introdução: Após a exodontia, a cicatrização natural do alvéolo provoca alterações dimensionais no rebordo alveolar, com diminuição dos tecidos moles e duros. Diferentes técnicas podem ser utilizadas para tentar diminuir essas alterações, com a intenção de facilitar a reabilitação estética e funcional com implantes, principalmente em áreas de dentes anteriores. Objetivos: Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar a eficácia da utilização do material de origem xenógena Orthogen® na preservação do rebordo alveolar pós-exodontia e avaliar as características histológicas após 4 meses de reparo. Materiais e Métodos: 20 pacientes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos, de acordo com a abordagem que iriam receber após a exodontia de uma raiz residual. No grupo teste, os alvéolos foram preenchidos com Orthogen® e selados com EGL (Enxerto Gengival Livre). No grupo controle, um coágulo foi preservado no alvéolo e o mesmo também foi selado com EGL, sem a utilização do Orthogen®. Em ambos os grupos as exodontias foram realizadas de maneira minimamente traumática, com o Kit de Extração Atraumática Neodent®. Modelos de gesso obtidos antes das exodontias (tempo 1) e após 4 meses (tempo 2), momentos antes da instalação dos implantes, foram utilizadas para as medidas dimensionais, através do escanemento dos modelos e medidas no programa Orthoanalyzer®. Amostras ósseas obtidas após 4 meses de reparo foram utilizadas para a análise histológica descritiva. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que, após 4 meses de reparo alveolar, os dois grupos apresentaram remodelação do rebordo alveolar e diminuição nas medidas realizadas. Porém, a remodelação do rebordo foi mais evidente no grupo controle (coágulo). Histologicamente foi possível observar formação de novo osso ao redor das partículas do Orthogen®. Conclusões: A utilização do Orthogen® para preenchimento dos alvéolos e preservação do rebordo alveolar foi eficaz na diminuição das alterações dimensionais nos tecidos duro e mole do rebordo alveolar pós-exodontia. / Introduction: After tooth extraction, the natural healing of the socket is followed by dimensional changes of ridge contour, with marked reduce of hard and soft tissues. Socket reservation techniques can be used to improve functional and esthetics of the dental implants in this areas, especially in anterior teeth areas. Objectives: The aims of this study are to verify the efficacy of use Orthogen® to ridge preservation and analysis the histological characteristics after 4 months repair of the sockets. Material and Methods: 20 patients were randomly distributed in 2 groups, according with the treatments. In test group, the sockets were filled with Orthogen® and closed with a gingival free graft. In control group, the clots were preserved into the socket and free gingival graft was sutured in the deepithelialized marginal tissue of the socket. Stone casts were used to analyze the ridge dimensional changes with the Orthoanalyzer® software. After 4 months, bone samples were obtained during the dental implant procedure and were used to describe the histological characteristics. Results: The results showed that, after 4 months of wound healing, both groups showed a decrease in the measurements. However, the remodeling of the ridge was most evident in the control group (clot). Histological images showed the formation of new bone around the Orthogen® particles. Conclusion: The use of Orthogen® to socket preservation can collaborate to reduce the dimensional changes of the hard and soft tissue in post-extraction alveolar ridge sites.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 221-244).