A reestruturação do setor elétrico brasileiro, iniciado em meados da década de 1990, deve ser vista dentro de uma perspectiva histórico-estrutural, envolvendo em uma mesma análise a privatização, a crise do setor elétrico e a garantia à cidadania. Para entender as reformas ocorridas no setor, é necessário evidenciar um pouco da trajetória histórica do setor, vocação hidrelétrica, as opções político-econômicas para a reestruturação em curso e as respostas dadas pelo governo à crise elétrica brasileira. O que se nota, a priori, é que a crise do setor elétrico foi deflagrada tanto por fatores estruturais, de ausência ou de baixos investimentos no setor durante a década de 1990, como pelo processo de privatização engendrado na mesma década. A privatização também foi acompanhada de baixa capacidade técnica das agências reguladoras em realmente regular e fiscalizar as novas concessionárias de energia elétrica, geração e distribuição. Tal deficiência é evidenciada pelos constantes aumentos tarifários. O objetivo desse trabalho é, portanto, estudar o modelo de privatização e regulamentação do setor elétrico, apontando suas limitações e conseqüências, sugerindo mudanças legais que prevejam dificuldades, mecanismos para melhor atuação das empresas e órgãos envolvidos, sugerindo condutas que possam impedir que a sociedade seja afetada por falta de planejamento adequado. / The reconstruction of the brazilian eletric sector, initiated in the 1990 decade, should be regarded within a historic-strutural view, involving, in an identical analysis, the eletric sector privatization and its crisis, and, additionally, the guarantee for citizenship. To understand the reforms occurred in the sector, is necessary to evidence some of the historical trajectory of the sector, the hydroelectric vocation, the political-economic choises to the current reconstrution, and the answers given by the government to the brazilian eletric crisis. What is noticied, is that the crisis in the eletric sector was deflagrated by structural factors, concerning to low investments the sector during the decade, as well as by privatization process, itself, engendred in the regularting agencies in actually ruling and supervising the new concessioners of eletric energy, including generation and distribution, obviously. The objective by this work is, hence, to study the model of privatization an regulamentation of eletric sector, indicating your limitations and results, suggesting legal changes that generate difficulties, mechanisms for the best performance of enterprises and envolved companies, suggesting conducts that to impede that the society to be affect by lack of adequate projection, utilizing all the juridical framework and internationals experiences in the same sector.

Orientador: Giovanni Antonio Pinto Alves / Banca: Antonio Carlos Mazzeo / Banca: Ariovaldo Oliveira Santos / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como tema investigar a resistência da classe trabalhadora bancária do Banespa contra a privatiza;ão da instituição no contexto da política neoliberal adotada no país. A pesquisa priorizou, especificamente, investigar a atuação da entidade representativa dos trabalhadores do Banco do Estado de São Paulo, a Afubesp-Associação dos Funcionários do Banespa. Destaca-se o movimento de resistência promovido pela associação dos trabalhadores, mobilizando a categoria bancária para impedir a privatização do banco. Neste processo, percebemos uma luta de classes entre capital e trabalho. Debatemos,nesta pesquisa, a conscientização política da vanguarda do movimento bancário, pois sua ofensiva possibilitou uma resposta positiva a sua atuação, juntamente com o sindicato da categoria em favor dos banespianos. Neste contexto, resgatamos um balanço histórico do movimento de resistência bancária, propondo uma análise crítica frente à mobilização desta categoria de trabalhadores. A relevância do estudo aponta para a análise de dados significativos sobre as transformações nas relações do trabalho bancário e enfoca a atuação de organismos de representação dos trabalhadores e do sindicato da categoria bancária, trazendo à memória valores intrínsecos à consciência de classe dos trabalhadores e da sua particularidade. Destaca,também, a pesquisa, que as formas de resistência adotadas pelos trabalhadores bancários, permitiu agir com procedimentos legais e jurídicos que possibilitou resistir à venda da instituição para um grupo financeiro privado, justificando sua ofensiva e promovendo um debate com vários setores da sociedade civil, chamando atenção para aquele momento singular da história brasileira, trazendo à tona discussões político-ideológicas em torno de interesses antagônicos. / Abstract: This research theme is to investigate resistance of Banespa working class against the institution privatization in the context of the neo-liberal political science adopted in the country. It is prioritized, especially, to investigate the entity actuation that represents the State of São Paulo Bank employees, Afubesp (Associação dos Funcionários do Banespa). It is stood out the resistance movement promoted by workers association, mobilizing the bank class to impede the privatization. In this process it is realized a classes fight between capital and work. It is discussed the political consciousness of the bank movement vanguard, for, its offensive enabled a positive answer to its actuation, joined with the trade union in behalf of Banespa employees. In this context, it is recovered a historical examination of bank resistance movement, proposing a critique analysis about this working class mobilization. The importance of this study points to a critique analysis of significant facts about the transformations in the relationship of bank work, and focus on the actuation of organizations that represents the employees and the trade union of bank class, bringing to memory intrinsic values to working class conscience and its particularity. It is also stood out that resistance forms adopted by the bank employees allowed them to act with legal and juridical procedures which enabled them to resist the institution sale to a private financial group, justifying its offensive and promoting a discussion with a number of civilian society sectors, directing people attention to that peculiar moment of Brazilian history, becoming notable ideological and political discussion towards antagonistic interests. / Mestre

Constitui o escopo deste trabalho o estudo da privatização, em regime de concessão, dos Portos e Caminhos de Ferro de Moçambique (CFM), no quadro do ajustamento da economia moçambicana, recorrentemente dependente, imposto pelo Banco Mundial e pelo FMI, como forma de a integrar no mundo globalizado dominado pelo neo-liberalismo, no período pós-guerra civil. O caso do CFM permite-nos iluminar uma realidade mais ampla e complexa, que é a dinâmica histórica, económica e social de Moçambique, realidade marcada por fortes tensões sociais num contexto de permanente e inquietante mudança. / The scope of the present work comprises the study on privatization under the concessioning regime of the Ports and Railways of Mozambique within the context of economic structural adjustment recurrently dependent, imposed by the World Bank and IMF as a way to integrate it in a globalized world dominated by neo-liberal policies. The CFM case study allows us to scrutinize a wide and complex reality that is the historic, economic and social changes, a reality highlighted by social tensions in the context of permanent and changes.

In this dissertation, we provide empirical assessment of government involvement in economic activities. This assessment is done within the framework of a two-part strategy. In the first part, we evaluate the effects of the government size on the overall rate of economic growth of a group of 30 developing countries. This approach can be regarded as macroeconomic in the sense that the economywide growth is the subject of investigation. In the second part, we conducted a comparative study of technical efficiency between privately owned and publicly owned companies in the international oil industry. We refer to this approach as microeconomic since a particular industry is under investigation. this dissertation consists of two essays. In the first essay, we examine the effect of government size, measured by the ratio of government consumption expenditures to gross domestic product (GDP) on the rate growth of GDP. Our sample includes 30 low-income and middle-income developing countries over the period 1970-90. We use a panel data approach to avoid the shortcomings of the cross-country models often used in such an analysis. The results indicate government size has a highly significant negative influence on the rate of economic growth. Therefore, privatization is viewed as a structural adjustment policy to overcome the negative effects of government size. However, we emphasize this policy can be effective only in the proper environment in a market-oriented economy with well-established political, social, and economic institutions, and a well-defined property right system. The essay provides some empirical evidence from a group of countries about the impact of privatization on the rate of economic growth. In the second essay, we measure the firm-specific technical efficiency for a sample of 44 publicly owned and privately owned petroleum companies in the international oil industry. The empirical investigation is carried out by using the stochastic frontier production function approach. The results indicate the private decision-making units in the oil industry overperformed their publicly owned counterparts in terms of technical efficiency. The implication is privatization can improve the performance of the transformed public enterprises.

No description available.

China has been changing from a centrally planned to a market economy. Its journey has not been a smooth one and is not likely to be easy in the years to come. One of its industry sectors, the chemical industry, which represents approximately 4.6% of its national GDP, is facing challenges in the changing market dynamics. The Chinese government has applied administrative actions rather than simply relying on the market to address these challenges. Fragmentation has been reduced by closing down inefficient chemical plants; merging various companies to form groups. It has also attempted to privatise government owned enterprises by corporatisation and marketisation. Corporatisation of government-owned enterprise refers to alteration of their ownership to create joint stock companies. Marketisation refers to listing those privatised enterprises on the stock market. The objective of this research was to find out whether taking these administrative actions is the best strategy for the Chinese government-owned chemical industry rather than making it more effective by building up state owned chemical enterprises? core competencies and core capabilities. The principal argument of this thesis is based on the resource-based view (RBV). / thesis (PhDBusinessand Management)--University of South Australia, 2004.

一、研究動機： 　　我國目前時值電力事業民營化階段，於政策規劃之際，或可參考英國電力事業實施方式以為借鏡，其特色如下： 　　1)自英國產業觀之，公用事業民營化，皆屬單一產業移轉，易造成政府獨占由私人獨占所取代，故此次1990年電力事業民營化，特注重競爭功能的引入。 　　2)另自國際觀點而言，日本及美國電力產業民營化皆屬公私合營的型態，且為發輸配電垂直結合，而英國該事業不但皆屬民營，且徹底將發輪配電功能完全分離。 　　二、理論基礎： 　　民營化，學者將其定義為兩個涵義：一為私有化，即將政府產權移轉為民間持有，若僅有該定義，易造成政府獨占由私人獨占所取代。故須加入另二個定義，即自由化，因英國國營事業常藉限制市場進入達到國家經營的地位，故須將此項限制撤除，即市場開放。1.私有化部份以代理人理論說明，所得到結論為：財產權的歸屬並非效率促進的關鍵，其關鍵為政府部門監督或私人部門的誘因設計孰優為斷，若無法判定優劣或其效果相同時，端視競爭功能為準則，但一般而言，私人有較嚴格的財務限制，故誘因機制通常較公部門為佳。2.自由化部份則以可競爭市場理論說明，該結論為自由化的結果可確保生產效率及次佳的配置效率。 　　三、英國經驗： 　　英國電力事業民營化，其目的在促進發電及供給的競爭，並管制輸配電獨占力量的濫用： 　　1、發電部份的作法係將中央發電局(CEGB)水平分離為National Power及Power Gen（核能目前仍歸國有），並垂直分離為發電及輸電功能，透由匯集池制度使進發電競爭，以降低成本。供給部份，目前大消費者（尖峰需求大於1MW）可選擇供應商，至1998年，所有消費者皆可自由選擇。 　　2、輸配電部份的管制：1983年時，Littlechild為電信事業設計一套價格上限管制為RPI-X+Y，可使廠商具降低成本的誘因；而在環境方面管制為：非石化義務規定配電公司須購買一定比例的非石化來源電力，而發電公司以石化來源發電者，須課以某一比例稅負，目的在降低環境污染。 　　四、實施成效： 　　英國目前是民營化最徹底的國家，成效尚不確定，雖然平均電價上升40%，但可能係課徵石化稅的緣故，不能單歸因於民營化，而核能電力自每度5.1P降為3.6P，故整體成效尚難以論斷。

Thesis (LL.M.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80). Also available in print.

<p>I den allmänna debatten kan vi återkommande läsa och ta del av medborgares tyckanden och tänkanden kring stundande eller redan genomförda privatiseringar inom den allmänna vård och omsorgen. Utifrån den allmänna diskursen och den tidigare forskningen kring fenomenet privatisering inom det offentliga Sverige har frågor väckts om hur man inför dessa nya driftsformer säkerställer folkliga värdegrunder som offentlighetsprincip och insyn. Redan i de inledande delarna av upphandlingsdokumenten som de båda huvudmännen, Sala Kommun och Västmanlands läns landsting, upprättat framgår en intressant olikhet i fråga om begreppsinnebörd och tolkning. Allmänt förhåller sig båda fallens avtalsregleringar mycket detaljerade och utförliga. Sammanfattningsvis har denna studie visat att såväl offentlighetsprincip som insyn säkras under upphandling.</p>

Ausgehend von der These, dass kommunale Unternehmen gerade in strukturschwachen Regionen eine besondere politische und wirtschaftliche Bedeutung besitzen, wird die Entwicklung der kommunalen Wirtschaft im Land Brandenburg untersucht. Die Autoren bereiten dazu in einer Längsschnittanalyse nicht unmittelbar dazu abrufbare Daten der öffentlichen Statistik auf und untersetzen die statistische Analyse durch eine Einzelfallstudie. Im Ergebnis wird deutlich, dass Entscheidungen über Privatisierungen oder Kommunalisierungen keinen „Sachgesetzlichkeiten“ folgen, sondern politisch in Abhängigkeit von Situationsinterpretationen, Denkstilen, Macht- und Interessenkonstellationen getroffen werden. Die Offenheit der Entscheidung über die Zukunft der kommunalen Wirtschaft verweist damit auf politischen Handlungsspielraum und die politische Verantwortung für Ausbau, Erhalt oder Privatisierung kommunaler Unternehmen.