Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:21:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviane Hass.pdf: 2803478 bytes, checksum: df63c0c38968187b894f9aa37339ef78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study evaluated the effect of application of collagen cross-link agents under time and clinically relevant strategy, through two in vitro and one in situ studies. For in vitro experiment 1, 52 third human molars had exposed the dentin surface, acid etched and distributed according the 8 experimental groups: collagen cross-link agent (6.5% pronthocyanidin [PA], 0.1% UVA-light actived riboflavin [RB], 5% glutaraldehyde [GA] and distilled water as control group [CT], and 2 simplified etch-and-rinse systems (Adper Single Bond Plus [SB] and Tetric N-Bond [TN]. The cross-link agentes were activelly applied for 60 s, bonded and restorated with composite resin. Then, the teeth were sectioned to obtain specimens and tested in immediately [IM] and after 6 months [6M] storage time for microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL), and IM for degree of conversion (DC) and MMP-activity within the hybrid layer. Additional 24 teeth were used by cytotoxicity assay. For in vitro experiment 2, 2 etchant agentes were tested (2%PA with 10% phosphoric acid [ACPA] and 35% phosphoric acid [CT]). Dentin of 16 teeth was exposed, etched, bonded using SB adhesive, and restored with composit resin. These teeth were tested by μTBS, NL in IM and 6M; and MMP-activity within the hybrid layer. Additional 10 teeth had flated the enamel surfaces and tested by enamel bond strength in IM and 6M. For the in situ experiment 3, 40 teeth were used, in which 2 cavities prepared. These cavities were etched, treated according the experiment 1, bonded and restored with composite resin. One restoration for each tooth was tested IM and another was included in a palatal device in cariogenic oral environment [COE] for 10 volunteers during 14 days. The restorations were sectioned and tested by microhardness, μTBS, NL and morphology of the hybrid layer for differential staining technique. All the data were analyzed by 2 way-ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). For experimente 1, all the collagen cross-link agentes were effective to reduce the resin-dentin degradation after 18M e did not exhibit cytotoxic potential, except the GA (p<0.05). For the experiment 2, the PA containing in etchant reduced the resindentin bond degradation (p<0.05) and did not affect the resin-enamel bond strentgh (p>0.05). However for in situ experiment 3, only the PA and GA reduced the resin-dentin degradation (p<0.05) in COE. The collagen cross-link agentes were effective to reduce the resin-dentin degradation, in time and relevant clinically strategy. The GA exhibited cytotoxic potential and should be avoided for clinical use. / O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar o efeito da aplicação de agentes reticuladores de colágeno em tempo e estratégia clinicamente relevantes, através de dois estudos laboratoriais in vitro e um estudo in situ. Para o experimento 1 in vitro, 52 dentes tiveram a superfície dentinária condicionada, e distribuídos entre 8 grupos experimentais pela combinação dos fatores: agente de tratamento (proantocianidina 6,5% [PA], riboflavina 0,1% ativada pela luz ultravioleta [RB], glutaraldeído [GA] e água destilada como grupo controle [CT]; e os sistemas adesivos (Adper Single Bond Plus [SB] e Tetric NBond [TN]. Os agentes foram aplicados com primers aquosos por 60 s, seguido da aplicação do sistema adesivo e restauração com resina composta. Depois foram seccionados e testados imediatamente (IM) e após 18 meses de armazenamento (18M) para análise da resistência de união à dentina (RU), nanoinfiltração (NI) e em IM para análise do grau de conversão (CG) e atividade de metaloproteinases (MMPs), dentro da camada híbrida. Outros 24 dentes foram utilizados para análise da citotoxicidade. Para o experimento 2 in vitro, foi utilizado 2 condicionadores ácidos (2%PA mais ácido 10% [ACPA] e ácido fosfórico 35% [CT]). Foi exposta a superfície dentinária de 16 dentes, realizado o condicionamento ácido, aplicados o adesivo SB e incrementos de resina composta. Esses dentes foram destinados para análise da RU, NI em IM e após 6 meses de armazenamento (6M) e atividade de MMPs dentro da camada híbrida IM. Outros 10 dentes tiveram planificadas as faces de esmalte para análise da resistência de união ao esmalte (RE), que também foi testada em IM e 6M. Para o experimento 3 in situ, foram utilizados 40 dentes, nos quais foram confeccionadas 2 cavidades em cada dente. Essas cavidades foram condicionadas, aplicados os mesmos agentes reticuladores de colágeno como no experimento 1, sistema adesivo SB e restauradas com resina composta. Uma das restaurações de cada dente foi testada IM e a outra foi fixada em um dispositivo palatino, que foi usado por 14 dias em ambiente cariogênico oral [ACO] por 10 voluntários. Esses dentes foram testados para análise da microdureza, RU, NI e análise histológica da morfologia da camada híbrida. Todos os dados foram submetidos a ANOVA 2 fatores de medidas repetidas e teste de Tukey (α=0,05). Para o experimento 1, todos os agentes foram eficazes para reduzir a degradação da interface de união após 18M e ausentes de citotoxicidade, exceto o GA (p<0,05). Para o experimento 2, a inclusão da PA no condicionamento ácido foi eficaz para reduzir a degradação em dentina (p<0,05) e não afetou a RE (p>0,05). Já para o experimento 3, in situ, apenas a PA e o GA foram eficazes para reduzir a degradação da interface de união à dentina em ACO (p<0,05). Os agentes reticuladores foram eficazes para reduzir a degradação da interface de união à dentina, em tempos e estratégia clinicamente relevantes. Contudo o GA foi considerado potencialmente citotóxico e deveria ser evitado para uso clínico.

La substitution des composés carbonés d'origine fossile par des matières premières renouvelables représente un enjeu majeur et stratégique pour l'environnement, l'économie, et la santé publique. Nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés au cas des dérivés du phénol, largement utilisés dans le domaine des matériaux synthétiques (résines, plastiques). Des travaux antérieurs ont démontré le potentiel des monomères de flavanols, sous-unités constitutives des chaines polymériques des tanins condensés comme substituts aux phénols issus de la pétrochimie, tels que le bisphénol A, l'objectif du présent travail a été de contribuer au développement d'une voie industrielle d'accès à de tels composés par dépolymérisation des tanins condensés (proanthocyanidines), une ressource végétale abondante mais actuellement peu exploitée pour ce type d'applications. Cette dépolymérisation peut être obtenue par rupture de la liaison interflavanique en milieu acide et piégeage des carbocations formés par un réactif nucléophile. Différentes stratégies et conditions ont été étudiées pour mieux comprendre le rôle de l'acide, du nucléophile, du solvant et l'impact de la température sur la réaction de dépolymérisation. Les stratégies sélectionnées, menées sur un dimère B2 pur servant de modèle et sur un extrait industriel de tanins de pépins de raisins blancs issus de marcs à l'échelle du gramme, ont été comparées en termes de rendement, de cinétique, de stabilité des produits, et de facilité de mise en œuvre et de traitement dans la perspective d'une production à plus grande échelle respectant au mieux les objectifs du développement durable et les contraintes de l'industrialisation. / The substitution of fossil carbon by renewable raw materials is a major strategic challenge for the environment, economy and public health. Our thesis focuses on the utilisation of phenol derivatives, which are widely used in the field of synthetic materials (resins, plastics). Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of plant flavanol monomers as substitutes for petrochemical phenols such as bisphenol A. The objective of this work was to contribute to the development of an industrial access to such compounds by depolymerization of condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins), an abundant plant resource currently untapped for such applications. Depolymerization can be performed by breaking the interflavan bonds in acidic medium and scavenging the released carbocations by a nucleophilic reagent. Various strategies and conditions were studied and compared to better understand the role of the acid, the nucleophile and the solvent and temperature in the depolymerisation reaction. The selected strategies, applied on a pure B2 dimer used as a model and an industrial seed tannins extract from white grape pomace at the gram scale, were compared in terms of performance, kinetics, product stability, ease of implementation and work-up in the context of a larger scale production complying with the objectives of sustainable development and the constraints of industrialization.

Vast amounts of carbon are stored forest soils, a product of decaying organic matter. Increased CO2 in the atmosphere is predicted to lead to increasing global temperatures, and more extreme moisture regimes. Such increases in mean temperature could accelerate the rate of organic matter decay in soils and lead to additional release of CO2 into the atmosphere, thus exacerbating climate change. However, due to its impact on plant metabolism, high atmospheric CO2 concentrations may also lead to greater condensed tannins (CT) and reduced nitrogen (N) content in leaf litter. This reduction in litter quality has the potential to slow decay of organic matter in soil and therefore offset the accelerated decay resulting from a warmer climate. My research aimed to quantify the effects of climate and litter chemistry, specifically CT and N, on litter decay, N mineralization and associated microbes in the field. Strings of litterbags were laid on the forest floor along climate transects of mature Douglas-fir stands of coastal British Columbia rain-shadow forests. In-situ climate was monitored alongside carbon and nitrogen loss over 3.58 years of decay along three transects located at different latitudes, each transect spanning the coastal Western Hemlock and Douglas-fir biogeoclimatic zones. Microbial communities in the decaying litter and in forest soils were also analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Microbial biogeography at field sites was partially influenced by climate, soil characteristics and spatial distance, but did not improve best fit decay models using climate and litter chemistry variables. Litter with greater initial CT and smaller N concentration slowed down early decay (0 - 0.58 yr) and net N mineralization. Warmer temperatures accelerated later decay (0.58 - 3.58 yr) and net N mineralization. Water-soluble CT were rapidly lost during decay, while other forms of CT were likely responsible for slower decay. The composition of fungal communities on decaying litter was affected by initial concentrations of CT and N. On a yearly basis, the slower decay of litter with high CT and reduced N content can offset accelerated rates of decay associated with warmer temperatures. Concurrent shifts in microbial communities and net N mineralization suggest potential benefits to trees. / Graduate / 2017-12-19

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:22:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIANA SIQUEIRA.pdf: 4384235 bytes, checksum: 655ceab1a73a43f410cdb4b5e3773475 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of the present study was evaluate the adhesive properties of eroded dentin with different pH cycling using universal adhesive systems and to evaluate the application of collagen cross-linking agent or MMP inhibitors on the resin-eroded dentin interface, through of three in vitro studies. For the experiment 1, the teeth were randomly assigned into the experimental groups according to the combination of variables: dentin surface (sound dentin and eroded dentin) vs adhesive systems (10 universal adhesives) vs Adhesive strategy [etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE)]. The adhesive systems were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions and the teeth were restored. They were sectioned to analysis of microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL). The surfaces of 2 tooth were examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the surface characterization after erosive-cycling. For experiment 2, the teeth were randomly assigned into 18 experimental conditions according to the variables: Erosive cycling (eroded dentin with soft drink pH ≈ 2,7 and eroded dentin with citric acid pH 2.3) vs. adhesive systems [Prime & Bond Elect (PBE); Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SBU); Tetric N-Bond Universal (TEU)] vs Treatment agents [6.5% primer containing proanthocyanidin (PA) and 0.1% riboflavin (RI)]. The surface was treated with primers and the adhesive systems were applied and restored. The samples were sectioned and tested for μTBS, NL and degree of conversion (DC). The surfaces of 2 tooth were examined under SEM to evaluate the surface characterization after erosive-cycling. For experiment 3, the teeth were randomly assigned into 18 experimental conditions according to the variables: Erosive cycling (eroded dentin with soft drink pH ≈ 2,7 and eroded eroded with citric acid pH 2.3) vs. Adhesive Systems (PBE; SBU; TEU) vs Acid pretreatment [control with 37% phosphoric acid;Phosphoric acid containing 2% chlorhexidine (CHXacid) and phosphoric acid containing 3% PA (PAacid)]. The teeth were acid-etched according to each experimental conditions, the adhesive systems were applied and the teeth were restored. The teeth were sectioned and tested for μTBS, NL and DC. Data were submitted to appropriate statistical analysis (α = 0.05). The μTBS values in eroded dentin were statistically lower than sound dentin, independent of the adhesive strategy (p < 0.01) The inclusion of primers containing collagen cross-linking agents in the eroded dentin adhesive protocol improved μTBS values (p <0.001),significantly reduced NL (p <0.004) for all the adhesives tested, as well as improved DC (p <0.03). The use of phosphoric acids containing MMPs inhibitors or collagen cross-linking agent improved μTBS values (p> 0.33), produced a significant reduction of NL (p <0.004) and improved DC (p <0.03). The application of MMP inhibitors (primer or acid etching - containing) were effective to improve the properties of the resin-eroded dentin interface. / O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as propriedades adesivas à dentina erosionada utilizando sistemas adesivos universais e verificar o efeito da aplicação de agentes reticuladores de colágeno ou inibidores de Metaloproteinases (MMPs) na interface resina-dentina erosionada, através de três estudos laboratoriais. Para o experimento 1, os dentes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente entre os grupos experimentais de acordo com a combinação das variáveis: superfície dentinária (controle sem erosão e erosionada) vs. sistemas adesivos (10 sistemas adesivos universais) vs.estratégia adesiva [condicionamento convencional (ER) e autocondicionante (SE)].Os sistemas adesivos foram aplicados de acordo com as especificações do fabricante e os dentes foram restaurados. Depois foram seccionados para análise da resistência de união à dentina (μTBS) e nanoinfiltração (NI). A superfície de 2 dentes foi examinada sob microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) para avaliar as características da superfície após ciclagem erosiva. Para o experimento 2, os dentes foram aleatoriamente alocados em 18 condições experimentais de acordo com as variáveis: Ciclagem erosiva (dentina erosionada com coca-cola pH ≈ 2,7 e dentina erosionada com ácido cítrico pH 2,3) vs. Sistemas adesivos [Prime & Bond Elect (PBE), Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SBU) e Tetric N-Bond Universal (TEU)] vs. Agentes de tratamento [primer contendo 6,5% de roantocianidina (PA) e primer contendo 0,1% de riboflavina (RI)]. Os sistemas adesivos foram aplicados de acordo com as especificações do fabricante após aplicação do primer e restaurados. A seguir, os dentes foram seccionados e testados para análise da μTBS, NI e grau de conversão (GC). A superfície de 2 dentes foi examinada sob MEV para avaliar as características da superfície após erosão. Para o experimento 3, os dentes foram alocados aleatoriamente dentro de 18 condições experimentais de acordo com as variáveis: Ciclagem erosiva (dentina erosionada com coca-cola pH ≈ 2,7 e dentina erosionada com ácido cítrico pH 2,3) vs. Sistemas adesivos (PBE, SBU e TEU) vs. pré-tratamento ácido [controle com ácido fosfórico 37%; Ácido fosfórico contendo 2% de clorexidina (CHXacido) e ácido fosfórico contendo 3% de PA (PAacido)]. Os dentes foram condicionados de acordo com cada grupo experimental, os sistemas adesivos foram aplicados e restaurados com resina composta. Posteriormente, os dentes foram seccionados e testados para análise da μTBS, NI e GC. Todos os dados foram submetidos a ANOVA 3 fatores e teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). Os valores de μTBS em dentina erosionada foi estatisticamente inferior à dentina sadia,independente da estratégia adesiva (p > 0,61). A inclusão de primers contendo agentes reticuladores de colágeno no protocolo adesivo a dentina erosionada,melhorou os valores de μTBS (p < 0,001), diminuiu significativamente a NI (p <0,004) para os adesivos testados, além de melhorar o GC (p < 0,03). A utilização de ácidos fosfórico contendo inibidores de MMPs ou agentes reticuladores de colágeno melhorou os valores de μTBS (p > 0,33), produziu uma redução significativa da NI (p < 0,004) e melhorou o GC (p < 0,03). Os agentes reticuladores independente do veículo (primer ou condicionamento ácido) foram eficazes para melhorar as propriedades da interface resina-dentina erosionada.

Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) has one of the highest antioxidant capacities and flavonoid concentrations of any fruit or vegetable, and regular consumption of blueberries has been connected to a wide range of health benefits. A diversity of flavonoids (flavonols, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins) are likely responsible for many of the health benefits, and these compounds also significantly contribute to the organoleptic properties of ripe blueberries. Despite the potential importance of these flavonoids in diet, there has been little investigation into the molecular genetics of blueberry flavonoid biosynthesis. Therefore, I developed a real-time quantitative PCR protocol to monitor expression of flavonoid genes throughout development and ripening. Following evaluation of five reference genes, expression profiling of biosynthetic genes revealed that flavonoid synthesis is tightly controlled at the transcriptional level in a biphasic developmental pattern. These results are discussed in relation to flavonoid metabolite accumulation profiles, which were produced as part of a collaboration. Finally, in conjunction with a second group of collaborating scientists, some promising preliminary evidence is provided suggesting that the hormone abscisic acid might have a role in regulating ripening initiation in blueberry. / Graduate

Buscou-se minimizar ou prevenir a degradação das fibrilas colágenas, tanto no controle da progressão do desgaste erosivo em dentina, quanto na preservação das interfaces adesivas aí estabelecidas, por meio do uso de agentes antiproteolíticos (clorexidina/CHX e epigalocatequina-3-galato/EGCG) ou, ao mesmo tempo, promotores de ligações cruzadas entre elas (proantocianidina/PAC). O papel de algumas dessas estratégias no estabelecimento, e conservação, de interfaces adesivas em dentina erodida, substrato adverso à interação com materiais adesivos, tem sido, porém, pouquíssimas vezes reportado. Este estudo in vitro propôs-se a avaliar, pois, o efeito de tais agentes, usados como estratégias para prevenção/controle do desgaste, na resistência de união (RU) do conjunto sistema adesivo condicione e lave simplificado-resina composta à dentina erodida, comparada à normal. A dentina superficial oclusal de terceiros molares foi apenas submetida à ação de uma lixa de SiC (granulação 600; 1 min; N: substrato normal) ou sequencialmente a desafio erosivo inicial (Coca-Cola®; 5 min). Recebeu, então, ou não (C: controle/sem aplicação), a aplicação de um dos géis com os seguintes princípios ativos - P: placebo/sem princípio ativo; CHX: digluconato de clorexidina a 0,12%; EGCG: epigalocatequina-3-galato a 400 ?m; PAC: proantocianidina a 10%. Aquela de início desmineralizada ainda foi submetida a ciclagem de pH (Coca-Cola®; imersões de 5 min, 3x/dia, 5 dias; E: substrato erodido). Após condicionamento (H3PO4 a 37%; 15 s; lavagem 30 s; secagem com papel absorvente), o adesivo AdperTM Single Bond 2® foi aplicado em todos os espécimes e a porção coronária, reconstruída com a resina FiltekTM Z350®. Transcorridas 24 h (água destilada/37?C), os espécimes foram seccionados em palitos e testados (?TBS; 0,5 mm/min). As superfícies fraturadas de cada palito foram avaliadas utilizando-se um microscópio digital (50x de aumento). Os valores de RU obtidos foram organizados considerando- se cada dente como unidade experimental e os testes de Análise de Variância a 2 critérios e de Tukey aplicados (?=0,05). Um dente extra para cada grupo foi tratado exatamente como os outros, mas o corante fluorescente rodamina B foi previamente adicionado (0,16 mg/mL) ao sistema adesivo para permitir a avaliação qualitativa da interface adesiva por meio de Microscopia Confocal de Varredura a Laser. Analisando-se os dados obtidos pôde-se observar que, diferentemente da variável aplicação de géis para prevenção/controle do desgaste erosivo (p=0,076), a variável condição do substrato dentinário exerceu influência significante sobre os resultados (p<0,001). Ademais, não houve interação entre elas (p=0,979). Os valores imediatos de RU ao substrato erodido foram, pois, sempre inferiores que aqueles ao substrato normal, independentemente da aplicação, ou não, de qualquer um dos géis para prevenção/controle do desgaste erosivo. Quanto ao padrão de fratura dos palitos testados, as falhas adesivas e mistas foram predominantes em relação às coesivas, independentemente se em dentina ou em resina. Menores porcentagens de falhas coesivas ainda puderam ser verificadas para o substrato erodido, com relação ao normal. No que se refere à análise qualitativa, observou-se, para o erodido, comparado ao normal, independetemente do tratamento para controle do desgaste, camada escura subjacente à de adesivo propriamente, representação da menor concentração de material marcado por rodamina B, bem como tags resinosos com maior comprimento e em maior quantidade. Assim sendo, conclui-se, por ora, que as estratégias estudadas não foram capazes de favorecer, tampouco de prejudicar, o estabelecimento de interface adesiva em dentina erodida. / In order to minimize the degradation of collagen fibrils, both to control the progression of the dentin erosive wear and to preserve adhesive interfaces established there, antiproteolytic (chlorhexidine/CHX and epigallocatechin-3-gallate/EGCG) or, at the same time, collagen cross-linking agents (grape seed proanthocyanidin extract/PAC) started to be successfully used. Some of these strategies in the establishment and preservation of adhesive interfaces on eroded dentin, a substrate adverse to the interaction with adhesive materials, has been seldom reported yet. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate, thus, the effect of such agents, used as strategies for wear preventing/controlling, on bond strength (BS) of a simplified etch-and-rinse adhesive system adhesive plus a resin composite to eroded, and normal (parameter for comparisons) dentin. Superficial occlusal dentin of third molars was only ground with a SiC paper (600-grit; 1 min; N: normal substrate), or subsequently submitted to an initial erosive challenge (Coca-Cola®; 5 min). It, then, received or not (C: control/without application), application of one of the gels with the following active principles - P: placebo/without active principle; CHX: 0.012% chlorhexidine digluconate; EGCG: epigallocatechin-3-gallate at 400 ?m; PAC: 10% proanthocyanidin. Initial demineralized dentin was still submitted to a pH cycling (Coca-Cola®, 5 min immersions, 3x/day, 5 days, E: eroded substrate). After acid-etched (37% H3PO4; 15 sec; 30 sec washing; drying with absorbent paper), the adhesive Adper(TM) Single Bond 2® was applied in all specimens and resin composite buildups were constructed with Filtek(TM)Z350®. After 24 h (distilled water/37?C), specimens were sectioned in beams and tested (?TBS; 0.5 mm/min). Obtained BS values were organized considering each tooth as an experimental unit and two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were applied (?=0.05). An extra tooth for each group was treated just like the others, but the adhesive system was marked by the addition of rhodamine B (0.16 mg/mL) to allow qualitative evaluation of the adhesive interface by means of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. As opposed to the variable application of gels for wear preventing/controlling (p=0.076), the condition of the dentin substrate had a significant influence on the results (p<0.001). In addition, there was no interaction between them (p=0.979). Immediate BS values to the eroded substrate were always lower than that to the normal substrate, regardless of the application or not of any of the gels for wear preventing/controlling. As for the fracture pattern of the tested beams, adhesive and mixed failures were predominant in relation to the cohesive failures, regardless of whether in dentin or in resin. Lower percentages of cohesive failures could still be verified for the eroded substrate, relative to the normal one. Concerning the qualitative analysis, it was observed, for the eroded substrate, compared to the normal, independently of the treatment for wear preventing/controlling, a dark layer underlying that of the adhesive itself, which represents a lower concentration of rhodamine B-labeled material, as well as resinous tags with greater length and in greater quantity. Therefore, studied strategies were not able either to improve, neither to impair, the establishment of adhesive interface on eroded dentin.

Ce travail de thèse est une contribution à l’étude phytochimique par Chromatographie de Partage Centrifuge (CPC), de trois plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle au Soudan : Aristolochia bracteolata (plante entière), Ziziphus spina-christi (feuilles) et Hydnora abyssinica (rhizomes). Ce travail a permis de mettre au point trois méthodologies de purification par CPC, applicables au fractionnement des acides aristolochiques, des flavonoïdes ou des proanthocyanidols (PAC). Dans ce contexte, la première partie de ce manuscrit est consacrée aux notions générales portant sur la CPC. La deuxième partie porte sur l’étude d’Aristolochia bracteolata. Cette plante est utilisée en médecine traditionnelle, malgré la présence d'acides aristolochiques qui confèrent une néphrotoxicité élevée. Ce travail a permis de mettre au point une méthode innovante pour l’isolement et la purification, avec un très haut niveau de pureté, des acides aristolochiques I, II et IIIa à partir d’un extrait brut, en une étape par CPC en mode d’échange d’ions forts (SIX-CPC). L’acide aristolochique IIIa n’avait jamais été décrit dans cette plante auparavant. Ces résultats ont fait l’objet d’une publication en 2015 dans Separation and Purification Technology. Dans la troisième partie de cette thèse, la CPC a été appliquée à l’isolement de flavonosides présents dans Z. spina-christi. Nous appuyant sur l’expérience du laboratoire dans l’extraction par CPC des flavonosides du Ginkgo biloba, nous proposons une méthodologie de purification utilisant les systèmes de solvant biphasiques EtOAc/n-BuOH/MeOH/H2O et EtOAc/n-BuOH/H2O à différents ratios en fonction de la polarité des flavonosides. Dans la dernière partie, l’étude phytochimique de Hydnora abyssinica a mis en évidence la présence de PACs, polymères de hauts poids moléculaires de flavanols. La méthodologie de fractionnement CPC, précédée d’un pré-fractionnement sur résine LH-20, a permis l’isolement pour la première fois dans cette plante de la katsumadine et du rhodioloside. / This work was a contribution to the phytochemical study of three Sudanese medicinal plants: Aristolochia bracteolata (Whole plant), Ziziphus spina-christi (Leaves) and Hydnora abyssinica (Rhizomes). The specificity of this research program was to emphasize the application of Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC) for the fractionation of these plants. Three specific CPC methodologies were developed for the purification of either aristolochic acids, flavonoids or proanthocyanidins (PACs). In this context, the first part of this manuscript was devoted to the presentation of the CPC methodology. The second part focused on the fractionation of crude extract of Aristolochia bracteolata. This plant is used in traditional medicine, in spite of the presence of aristolochic acids that confer a high nephrotoxicity. In this work was developed an innovating procedure for the isolation and purification in high purity of aristolochic acids I, II and IIIa, in one step from crude extract, using Strong Ions eXchange CPC (SIX-CPC). These results were published in 2015 in Separation and Purification Technology. In the third part, the flavonosides present in Z. spina-christi were isolated using CPC, either in normal or reverse elution mode, using two phases solvent systems EtOAc/n-BuOH/MeOH/H2O or EtOAc/n-BuOH/H2O with different ratios. In the last part, the phytochemical study of Hydnora abyssinica led to the fractionation of PACs, polymers of high molecular weight of flavanols. The CPC fractionation methodology, preceded by LH-20 resin pre-fractionation, allowed the isolation of katsumadine and rhodioloside.