Participants in misdemeanor proceedings and their rights in application practice Abstract Misdemeanor proceedings are an administrative procedure of public authorities (administrative bodies). Through which, part of the criminal policy of states is implemented. Its main task is to hold the perpetrator liable for their wrongdoing and to protect society from less serious acts - misdemeanors. In essence, it is similar to criminal proceedings, whose objective differs only in that it protects society from more serious acts. It follows from this definition, that the misdemeanor proceedings should not differ significantly from the procedural guarantees observed in criminal proceedings. Procedural guarantees of criminal proceedings are provided through the rights of accused persons. The subject of this paper is the analysis of procedural rights, especially of those accused of a misdemeanor, but also other participants in the proceedings on the misdemeanor. Emphasis is placed on the content of these rights and the possibility of exercising them towards administrative authorities. To this end, the thesis examines the decision-making practice of supreme courts (European Court of Human Rights, Constitutional Court, Supreme Administrative Court), as well as administrative bodies in the field of administrative criminal...

1 Confession and its impact on the criminal proceedings Abstract The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive view of the issue of confession, to characterize this legal concept and describe its importance in matters of substantive and procedural criminal law. For this purpose, the author synthesized the available legal, doctrinal, judicial and other relevant information with her own opinions and considerations de lege ferenda. The content of the thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter contains a historical introduction covering the development of confession from the 14th century to the political trials of the 1970s. The second chapter characterizes confession in terms of content and form, focusing on particular requirements for confession and various situations in which it can be made. It also focuses on the legal concept of declaration of guilt, its differences from confession and the mutual relation between the two aforementioned in the light of the recent amendment to the Criminal Procedure Code. The third chapter deals with confession as the evidence and its significance even in case it is revoked or obtained in an inadmissible manner. The fourth chapter deals in more detail with forced confessions, methods of physical and mental pressure on the defendant and presents the results...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:27:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Lucia de Freitas Petrucci Ferreira.pdf: 1387466 bytes, checksum: 691cb54a6c8fabf06dec5b173f25b8b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-16 / Society digs solutions for its conflicts in a fast and effective way, and the same happens in labor disputes. Several attempts were employed, however, they have not reached society pacification yet, since many times other conflict points are generated, taking in consideration that the existing mechanisms are ineffective and obsolete to solve them Unexpectedly, technological resources have appeared at the labor ambit, therefore achieving fast and effective judicial proceedings. Information technology aid at Labor Law, in other words the electronic proceedings, are still being improved; nevertheless it intends to reach the apex, which would be the virtual justice proceeding, since they are tracks to be followed with new clothes, aiming at satisfactory results for social pacification. This experience can be confirmed by analyzing a field research performed at State Justice Virtual Forum in Freguesia do Ó, neighborhood in the city of São Paulo, where the labor proceedings are actually instrumental with beneficial reflexes to society / O homem busca a solução para os seus conflitos de forma célere e eficaz, e no processo trabalhista isso não é diferente. Várias tentativas foram empregadas, nem sempre com sucesso, para atingir a pacificação da sociedade, pois, muitas vezes, mais pontos de conflito são gerados, em razão da existência de mecanismos ineficazes e obsoletos para solucioná-los. Eis que surge o emprego de recursos tecnológicos no âmbito trabalhista, como forma de obtenção de um processo célere e eficaz. A informatização da Justiça do Trabalho está ainda em andamento, tendo-se atualmente apenas o processo eletrônico, mas se pretende chegar ao ápice, que é o processo virtual. São caminhos a serem percorridos dotados de uma nova roupagem, em busca de resultados satisfatórios para a pacificação social. Essa experiência pôde ser confirmada em pesquisa de campo realizada no Fórum Virtual da Justiça Estadual da Freguesia do Ó, situado na cidade de São Paulo; ali, o processo é efetivamente instrumental, com reflexos benéficos para a sociedade

Conciliation proceedings known as special type of civil procedure does not get too much attention. This problem can be seen from many perspectives. This diploma thesis strives to clarify nature of conciliation proceedings, showing its course and benefits. It tries to offer more comrehensive interpretation of it to non-professionals. All this to support the usage of conciliation proceedings. This actual problem underlines the effort of the legislator to support mediation to the prejudice of conciliation proceedings. Thus this thesis focuses on links between conciliation proceedings and mediation with comparison to benefits and disadvantages of both institutes. From this can be shown an increasing downfall of conciliation proceedings with absence to find support for more usage of this type of conciliatory resolution of dispute. This thesis not only focuses on clarification of nature of conciliation proceedings, it also tries to explain in which conciliation proceedings stands out and how it can help to solve disputes in conciliatory way, which can be seen like a good solution in many situations. At the same time this theses strives to give more coherent perspective on this institute of civil procedural law with drawing attention to course of conciliation proceedings based on practical part. Therefore...

The master thesis first deals with definition of business contractual relationship (sources, formation, freedom of contract) and indicates ways of resolving disputes arising from it within the Czech legal code. Through defining the concept of cross-border element the master thesis attains on how to resolve business disputes over contractual obligations at the EU level. Core topic of thesis deals with jurisdiction in commercial matters, the law applicable to contractual obligations, alternative dispute resolution as well as the recognition and enforcement of judgements or of different rulings. The last part of the thesis deals with a practical procedure which shows how to resolve dispute between domestic businessman and foreign businessman via legal proceedings.

L’idée centrale de notre paradigme juridique est qu’une peine juste devrait être celle qui régénère les liens sociaux blessés par le crime. Si l’édifice de la justice des hommes a connu de nombreuses transformations, les éclairages historiques et philosophiques demeurent indispensables pour étudier la délicate question du sens de la peine. Les sciences criminelles doivent ainsi prendre en compte les intérêts de la société, de l’auteur de l’infraction ainsi que ceux de la victime. En ce sens, la loi du 15 août 2014 relative à l’individualisation des peines et renforçant l’efficacité des sanctions pénales prévoit, pour la première fois en droit positif, un texte consacré à la justice restaurative. L’objet de celle-ci consiste à permettre de restaurer le lien social rompu par la commission d’une infraction en offrant la possibilité à l’auteur des faits de rencontrer la victime. Réparer le préjudice causé à la victime, réinsérer l’auteur de l’infraction dans la société, rétablir la paix sociale et prévenir la récidive : tels sont les objectifs de la justice restaurative. L’étude particulière de l’article 10-1 du Code de procédure pénale soulève pour autant deux questions essentielles : La justice restaurative est-elle envisageable dans le cadre de toute procédure pénale ? La justice restaurative peut-elle trouver sa place à tous les stades de la procédure ? Pour permettre à la réflexion théorique de se nourrir des réalités concrètes, il convient de s’interroger sur les règles de procédure qui pourraient permettre d’encadrer rigoureusement la justice restaurative afin que, débarrassée de l’image utopique dont elle pourrait être affublée, elle puisse devenir un mécanisme juridique efficace. / The core idea of our legal paradigm is that a fair sentence should be one that regenerates the social links wounded by crime. If the justice built by men has known many transformations, the historical and philosophical enlightenings remain essential to study the tricky question of the « sentence’s meaning ». Thus criminal sciences must take into account the interests of the society, of the offender as much as the victim’s. In this sense, the law of August 15, 2014 on the sentences’ individualization and reinforcing the penal sanctions’ efficiency, provides, for the first time in substantive law, a text dedicated to restorative justice. The purpose of this law consists in allowing to restore the social link broken by the commission of an offense by offering the offender the opportunity to meet the victim. To repair prejudice caused to victims, to reintegrate offenders in the society, to restore social peace and to prevent recidivism : those are the restorative objectives of justice. The particular study of article 10-1 of the Code of criminal proceedings raises two essential issues : is restorative justice possible in any criminal proceedings ? Can restorative justice find its place at each and every stage of the procedure ? In order to allow the theoretical reflexion to feed from practical realities, questions must be asked about the proceedings rules which could help producing a strict framework for restorative justice so that, freed from the utopian image from which restorative justice could be burdened with, it may become an efficient legal mechanism.

Tarybos reglamentas (EB) Nr. 1346/2000 dėl bankroto bylų yra keturiasdešimties metų pastangų harmonizuoti tarpvalstybinio bankroto jurisdikcijos taisykles Europos Sąjungos kontekste rezultatas. Derinant dviejų tarptautinio bankroto reguliavimo modelių – universalaus ir teritorinio – principus, reglamente įtvirtinamos skirtingos jurisdikcijos taisyklės priklausomai nuo to, ar keliama pagrindinė ar šalutinė (teritorinė) bankroto byla. Magistriniame darbe aptariamas jurisdikciją iškelti pagrindinę bankroto bylą lemiančio kriterijaus – pagrindinių turtinių interesų vietos – turinys. Darbe daroma išvada, jog reglamente nėra nustatyta aiškaus pagrindinių turtinių interesų vietos turinio. Tai skatina nevienodą reglamento nuostatų, susijusių su teismo jurisdikcija iškelti skolininkui pagrindinę bankroto bylą, aiškinimą ir taikymą Europos Sąjungos valstybėse narėse. Jurisdikcijų kolizijos problema reglamente sprendžiama įtvirtinant pirmumo taisyklę, pagal kurią sprendimas iškelti bankroto bylą turi būti automatiškai pripažįstamas visose kitose valstybėse narėse nuo tada, kai sprendimas įsiteisėja bankroto bylą iškėlusio teismo valstybėje narėje. Darbe aptariamos palankesnės teisinės padėties ieškojimo galimybės. Autorius daro išvadą, jog pasirinktu reguliavimu vienas iš reglamento tikslų – panaikinti tiesines prielaidas palankesnės teisinės padėties ieškojimui perkeliant turtą ar teismo procesą iš vienos valstybės narės į kitą – nėra iki galo pasiektas. Šią prielaidą lemia dvi... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Council Regulation 1346/2000 on Insolvency Proceedings is the outcome of forty years of efforts to harmonize the rules regarding the jurisdictional issues on cross-border insolvency in the context of European Union. By combining the two models of international insolvency proceedings – universality and territoriality – the Regulation provides different jurisdictional rules on cross-border insolvency proceedings depending on whether the main insolvency proceedings or the secondary insolvency proceedings are going to be opened. The Master thesis deals with the content of the category determining the jurisdiction to open the main insolvency proceedings, i.e. the centre of main interests. As a result the Thesis concludes that the Regulation does not provide the explicit content of the centre of main interests’ category. Therefore it encourages the different interpretation and application of Regulation’s provisions related to the opening the main insolvency proceedings by the courts of Member States. Regulation deals with issue regarding the jurisdictional conflicts by determining the priority rule under which the judgment opening the insolvency proceeding should be automatically recognized in all other Member States from the time that it becomes effective in the State of the opening of proceedings. Master thesis deals with the issues regarding the seeking to obtain a more favorable legal position (forum shopping). The Author concludes that on of the main aims of this Regulation –... [to full text]

1 Abstract An injured party in criminal proceedings and his/her protection This diploma thesis is focused on position of an injured party in criminal proceedings and his/her protection, which means rights, that are given to an injured. The thesis is divided into five chapters. It draws information from legal literature, legal articles, case law and other. The first chapter focuses on definition of an injured and his/her position in criminal proceedings. This chapter contains interpretation of sections dealing with definition of an injured person (§ 43 paragraphs 1 and 2, § 44 paragraph 1 and § 310a of the Criminal Procedure Code) and interpretation of related topics such as representation of an injured, payment of the costs of an injured, distinguishing between the terms injured party and victim and the position of an injured as an entity involved in criminal proceedings and the procedural party. Procedural rights of an injured are introduced in the second part of the thesis. They are divided into two groups according to whether they are given to all injured or only to those meeting requirements in section 43 paragraph 3 of the Criminal Procedure Code. There are short subchapters concerning two interesting issues - a prosecution with consent of an injured and a right to effective prosecution. Decision...

Evidence in civil contentious proceedings with regard to the accusatorial principle Abstract The goal of this master's thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principle of civil contentious proceedings - the accusatorial principle, according to which the activities of process subjects are guided in the context of evidence. Under this principle, Czech courts look for facts to the extent claimed by parties because they have a decisive role in contentious proceedings. The parties to the proceedings develop the legal proceeding through their mutual adversarial activities and are responsible for establishing the facts, as the burden of proof and the burden of persuasion lays on them. The court has to make an objective and impartial decision on the basis of the gathered evidence in the civil litigation. If neither party is sufficiently active, they are at risk of an unsuccessful outcome of the litigation. However, the accusatorial principle is modified by law and other procedural principles. Exceptions are therefore allowed, and on their basis the court may intervene and provide their own additional evidence. The law allows it on the basis of two cumulative conditions - evidence must be necessary for establishing the facts and the basis for the taking evidence must be in the file. The...

Evidence in administrative proceedings Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the taking of evidence in administrative proceedings, the aim of which is to refute or confirm a decisive fact. Administrative proceedings do not constitute a unified process; they are a diverse range of different types of proceedings rolled into on, in which the taking of evidence may be regulated in different ways. As a rule, general and special administrative proceedings are distinguished. The taking of evidence is considered to be an essential part of the administrative proceedings, but not obligatory one. In some types of proceedings, the taking of evidence is, in principle, excluded, while in others it may play an essential part. The diploma thesis is structured into five parts. The first part of the thesis defines the basic concepts appearing in the process of taking of evidence, as well as the historical development of anchoring the process of taking of evidence in the legal regulations of the Czech Republic since 1928. The next part deals with the principles that apply to the taking of evidence, be it the basic principles of action of administrative bodies or the principles of administrative proceedings themselves. The third part of the thesis deals with general administrative proceedings as regulated by Act No. 500/2004...