A crescente procura por software de qualidade vem causando grande pressão sobre as empresas que trabalham com desenvolvimento de software. As entregas de produtos de software dentro do prazo e custo previstos vêm se tornando, a cada dia, um diferencial importante nesse ramo de atividade. Nesse sentido, as empresas procuram por metodologias que propiciem o desenvolvimento de produtos com qualidade, e que respeitem o custo e prazo previstos. Em resposta a essas necessidades, surgiu uma nova classe de metodologias de desenvolvimento de software, conhecidas como metodologias ágeis. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo realizado sobre as principais características existentes nessa nova classe de metodologias. Uma análise permitiu a identificação de semelhanças e diferenças existentes entre elas, o que possibilitou a criação de um modelo de referência para o desenvolvimento ágil de software. O modelo foi utilizado em uma avaliação de processo baseada no modelo de avaliação da ISO/IEC 15504. A avaliação permitiu a identificação de forças e fraquezas no processo avaliado e possibilitou a definição de ações de melhoria para que o processo avaliado se assemelhasse à um processo de desenvolvimento ágil. Palavra-chave: Metodologia ágil de desenvolvimento. Modelo de referência. Processo de desenvolvimento de software. Avaliação de processo de software / The vast demand for software with quality is causing a great pressure on the companies which work with software development. The delivery of software products within the schedule and cost is becoming, every day, an important issue in this area. Therefore, companies are seeking for methodologies to develop products with quality, within the timetable and the cost. Considering these needs, it became a new class of software development methodologies, known as agile methodologies. This research shows a work done upon the main existing characteristics in this new class of methodologies. An analysis allowed the identification of the existing similarities and differences among them, which it made possible to create a new reference model for agile software development. The agile model was used in process assessment based on assessment model from ISO/IEC 15504. The assessment alowed a identification of power and weakness on the process and alowed a definition of improvement action to the process with the intention of to approach the agile development process

Orientadores: Rubens Maciel Filho, Marcelo de Carvalho Reis / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T16:16:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_JorgeVicenteLopesda_D.pdf: 2220964 bytes, checksum: ee65ed039527559f9cf092c3f17a0a31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Laboratórios de pesquisa universitários são ambientes únicos com intensas atividades do conhecimento. Porém, não é raro verificar uma falta de organização sistemática de seus processos de gestão e a integração satisfatória de estratégias, missão, pessoal, infra-estrutura e atividades do conhecimento. Esta tese discute as motivações, necessidades e propõe um modelo de capacidade para a gestão estratégica desse ambiente. O modelo tem por objetivo auxiliar na avaliação e melhoria da capacidade de seus processos e servir como referência na gestão de laboratórios. O modelo é composto de 17 processos divididos em quatro grupos: gestão estratégica, infra-estrutura, gestão do conhecimento, e gestão de pessoal e cultura. Cada processo individualmente é composto de resultados, práticas base e artefatos. Os processos foram criados a partir de levantamento em quatro laboratórios de pesquisa e da literatura em gestão da pesquisa, gestão do conhecimento, modelos para gestão organizacional e modelos de capacidade de processo. O modelo é aderente às especificações da recente norma ISO/IEC 15504 para criação de modelos de capacidade de processo preenchendo uma lacuna na área de modelos de gestão de pesquisa. Cada processo pode ser avaliado individualmente segundo níveis de capacidade (incompleto, executado, gerenciado, estabelecido, previsível, em otimização) de acordo com atributos atendidos. A proposta está em linha com a tendência mundial de estabelecimento de modelos de capacidade de processos para vários domínios do conhecimento. O modelo foi validado em duas diferentes comunidades de gestores de pesquisa: os gestores de pesquisa e os gestores de pesquisa com experiência em melhoria de processos. A proposta atende aos requisitos de que é possível um modelo de capacidade de processos para a melhoria e avaliação dos processos mais relevantes nos laboratórios universitários. A sua contribuição se dá como uma ferramenta auxiliar na gestão estratégica da pesquisa universitária. Como trabalhos decorrentes, há espaço para que esse seja aprimorado com o seu uso mais intenso e às condições, tamanho e foco de cada laboratório ou domínio de atuação / Abstract: University Research Laboratory (URLab) is a unique environment that performs knowledge-intensive activities. It is the live cell of research in the university environment. However, it is not rare to observe a lack of systematic organization in its management processes to consider a satisfactory integrated vision associating the strategy, mission, people, culture, infrastructure, and mainly knowledge actions. This thesis discusses the motivations, necessities and the basis of a framework for the strategic management of this environment. The proposed framework intends to assist URLabs to place its strategic management into a higher level of maturity. It is a set of 17 individual processes sorted in four main groups to know: strategic management, infrastructure management, knowledge management, and people and culture. Each individual process includes a scope, outcomes, basic practices, and work products. The framework considers the best practices investigated in some URLabs and the technical and scientific literature on knowledge management, research management, organizational management, and capability models. Each process can be placed in one of the five different hierarchical capability level (incomplete, performed, managed, established, predictable and optimizing), according to attributes fulfilled. The proposed framework uses the architecture and some of the most generic processes of the ISO/IEC 15504-5 International Standard as a reference. The ISO/IEC recently published this suite of standards, composed of five parts that provide definitions and requirements to create capability models. Nowadays, there is a tendency to spread the use of process capability assessment and improvement frameworks for different domains of the knowledge. Therefore, the framework for URLabs is in line with the tenor on process capability models. Two different communities validated the framework: the community of managers of research and the community of researchers with experience in process improvement. This framework intends to be useful as a reference to assess and improve strategic management in URLabs. It can also be useful for funding agencies as a formal mechanism to decide on grants for research, based on the URLabs' management capability profile. It is an open proposal that can be adapted and improved for different classes of URLabs in terms of size, focus, and culture / Doutorado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Doutor em Engenharia Química

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-05T12:01:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daniella de Oliveira Costa - 2016.pdf: 1198730 bytes, checksum: 2df25fb32f76f409f638956bd43c727e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-05T12:02:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daniella de Oliveira Costa - 2016.pdf: 1198730 bytes, checksum: 2df25fb32f76f409f638956bd43c727e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T12:02:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daniella de Oliveira Costa - 2016.pdf: 1198730 bytes, checksum: 2df25fb32f76f409f638956bd43c727e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Background. Test process requires constant follow-ups to evolve their methodologies. To support the improvement of processes, we have the Test Maturity Models such as TMM and TMMi. However, the TMMi model does not provide instruments or framweworks that allows companies to check the adherence about the model, it is necessary the expert advice. For shortage of certifiers in the country, the cost becomes high and hinders to obtainment certification for small businesses. Aim. Propose a methodology of low cost to assess of test process, which shall support in the improvement and quality of testing procedures employed in Small Software Companies Methodology. An exploratory and qualitative research, conducted by: (i) Research instruments or frameworks which are available to assess testing process relative to TMMi levels through Systematic Review; and (ii) abstraction of evidence of the studies, collaborating with test process assessments. From the defined contributions and mandatory guidelines TAMAR define an assessment process with the focus to meet the limitations of small companies. Results. An evaluation process covering Planning activities; Preparation; Application; Analysis of the results; and Closing. The assessment instrument provided a new approach in the presentation of the issues. The questions were given by affinity groups, focusing the respondent to a specific stage of the test process. Conclusion. Perform routine to prepare those involved brought a brief overview of the maturity model and reducing uncertainty for indication of evidence in addition to the new approach to provision of the issues by affinity groups. The validation has shown that the instrument is simple and assistance provided throughout the process enables the evaluation of small business process. / Os processos de teste necessitam de constantes acompanhamentos para evolução de suas metodologias. Para apoiar na melhoria dos processos, temos os Modelos de Maturidade de Teste, tais como TMM e TMMi. No entanto, o modelo TMMi não disponibiliza um instrumento que permite as empresas verificarem a aderência ao modelo, sendo necessário a contratação de consultoria especializada. Por carência de certificadores no país, o custo torna-se elevado e dificulta a obtenção da certificação por empresas de pequeno porte. Objetivo. Propor uma metodologia de avaliação de processos de teste de baixo custo, que contribua na evolução e qualidade dos processos de teste empregados em Pequenas Empresas de Software Metodologia. Uma pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, realizada pela: (i) investigação de quais instrumentos estão disponíveis para avaliar processos de teste com relação aos níveis do TMMi, por meio de Revisão Sistemática; e (ii) abstração das evidências dos estudos, que colaboravam com avaliações de processo de teste. A partir das contribuições delimitadas e as orientações obrigatórias do TAMAR, construiu-se um processo de avaliação com o foco de atender as limitações das pequenas empresas. Resultados. Um processo de avaliação que abrange atividades de Planejamento; Preparação da avaliação; Aplicação; Análise dos Resultados; e Fechamento da avaliação. O instrumento de avaliação previu uma nova abordagem na apresentação das questões. As questões foram dadas por grupos de afinidade, concentrando o respondente à uma etapa específica do processo de teste. Conclusões. Realizar a rotina de preparar os envolvidos trouxe uma breve visão do modelo de maturidade e reduzindo as incertezas para indicação das evidências, além da nova abordagem para disposição das questões por grupos de afinidade. A validação do processo de avaliação permitiu verificar que o instrumento é simples e o acompanhamento fornecido no decorrer do processo viabiliza a avaliação dos processos de pequenas empresas.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2015-07-20T14:50:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marilia bezulle Chimara.pdf: 1465472 bytes, checksum: c2821f3515a54748c76dd3a8bd123cf2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-20T14:50:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marilia bezulle Chimara.pdf: 1465472 bytes, checksum: c2821f3515a54748c76dd3a8bd123cf2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-12 / The Ministry of Health launched the National Programme for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) which aims to promote increased access and improved quality of primary care, with a quality standard comparable at national, regional and local levels. The objective of this study is to understand the perception of Basic Health Units managers with Health Strategy of São Paulo city's Family on the implementation of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality in Primary Care (PMAQ-AB). We used an exploratory, qualitative dealt with the method of case studies, from nine managers interviews in three Basic Health Units with the family health strategy on the east side of São Paulo. The collected data were analyzed by thematic analysis method. We observed that the perception of managers showed that the context for implementation of the evaluated units PMAQ was favorable since professionals were motivated, had clear understanding of the proposal and the objectives and there was a proper management to reduce resistance. The implementation process of PMAQ, however, was problematic, since there was no proper coordination between management and workers, the implementation was not considered continuous, engagement of the teams was partially satisfactory, the structural conditions, time and resources were not satisfactory in PMAQ deployment process. Regarding the analysis of the effectiveness of the process of self-evaluation of PMAQ was not considered an appropriate and useful tool for the planning of actions, yet managers say the PMAQ has reached the goal of improving quality in SUS, as well as the objectives improving access and effectiveness of actions. / O Ministério da Saúde lançou o Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) que visa promover a ampliação do acesso e a melhoria da qualidade da Atenção Básica, com um padrão de qualidade comparável em nível nacional, regional e local. O objetivo deste estudo é entender a percepção dos gestores de Unidades Básicas de Saúde com Estratégia Saúde da Família do município de São Paulo sobre a implantação do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade na Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB). Para realizar esse estudo foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa, abordada com o uso do método de estudo de casos, a partir da entrevista com nove gestores em três Unidades Básicas de Saúde com estratégia saúde da família na zona leste do município de São Paulo. Os dados foram interpretados utilizando-se análise de conteúdo. Identifica-se que na percepção dos gestores, o contexto para implantação do PMAQ nas unidades avaliadas foi favorável uma vez que os profissionais estavam motivados, possuíam compreensão clara da proposta e dos objetivos e houve um gerenciamento adequado para redução das resistências. O processo de implantação do PMAQ revelou-se problemático, uma vez que não houve articulação adequada entre gestão e profissionais, a implantação não foi considerada contínua, o engajamento das equipes foi parcialmente satisfatório, as condições estruturais, o tempo e os recursos não foram considerados satisfatórios no processo de implantação do PMAQ. Com relação à análise da eficácia o processo de auto avaliação do PMAQ não foi considerado uma ferramenta adequada e útil para o planejamento das ações, apesar disso os gestores afirmam que o PMAQ tem atingido o objetivo de melhoria da qualidade no SUS, bem como o objetivo de melhoria do acesso.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vad kliniker upplever påverkar förskrivningsprocessen av mikroprocesstyrd knäkomponent (MPK) i de olika regionerna i Sverige. Metod: Kvalitativ analys med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Intervjuerna genomfördes och spelades in med Zoom eller Teams programvara och data analyserades sedan tematiskt.  Resultat: 9 legitimerade ortopedingenjörer samt en legitimerad fysioterapeut från åtta olika regioner deltog i studien. Under dataanalysen identifierades fyra huvudteman samt 10 underteman. Huvudteman var: utvärdering av patientens lämplighet för MPK, utmaningar med att beräkna patientutfall, förskrivningsbarriärer och externa påverkande faktorer. Deltagarna upplevde att beräkning av patientutfall, budgetrestriktioner och att vara beroende av subjektiva bedömningar av patienter som stora utmaningar med förskrivningsprocessen av en MPK.  Slutsats: Deltagarna upplevde att förskrivningsprocessen av MPK påverkas av flertal olika faktorer; från regionala budgetar och ansökningsprocesser, till deltagarnas erfarenhet och förmåga att bedöma lämpliga MPK-kandidater. Deltagarna uttryckte utmaningar med att förskrivningsprocessen var känslobaserad och till stor del beroende av subjektiva och generella utvärderingar av patienten. Detta gjorde att ett stort ansvar av bedömningen om vem som bör få ett MPK förskrivet, låg på deltagarna själva, vilket ansågs kan bidra till inkonsekventa patientbehandlingar. Deltagarna upplevde att ett nationellt förskrivningssystem möjligen hade kunnat bidra till att processen var mer rättvis för patienterna samt underlätta processen för de själva. / Purpose: The study investigates clinicians’ experience of what is affecting the prescription of microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees (MPKs) in different regions in Sweden. Method: Qualitative analysis with semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews were conducted and recorded using Zoom or Teams software and data was thereafter thematically analysed. Results: 9 certified prosthetists and a certified physiotherapist from eight different regions participated. During data analysis four main themes were identified along with ten subthemes. The key themes were: assessing candidate for MPK, challenges in estimating outcomes, barriers to prescribing and external influencing factors. Estimating patient outcomes, budget limitations and being dependent on subjective patient evaluations were expressed as major factors affecting the prescription of MPKs. Conclusion: The prescription of MPKs was found to be affected by several factors; from regional budgets and application processes to clinicians’ experience in assessing suitable MPK-candidates. The clinicians expressed challenges in that the prescribing process was emotionally based and relied on subjective and generalised patient assessments. This made decision-making regarding who to prescribe an MPK to, highly dependent on the clinicians’ own experience and knowledge which according to them, could lead to inconsistent treatments. Clinicians felt that a national prescription system could possibly ensure fairer patient evaluations and make the process easier for themselves.

Since the Institute of Medicine highlighted the devastating impact of medical errors in their seminal report, “To Err is Human” (2000), efforts have been underway to improve patient safety. A portion of medical errors are due to medication errors, and a large portion of these can be attributed to inadequate laboratory monitoring. In this thesis, I attempt to address this small but important corner of this patient safety endeavor. Why are patients not getting their laboratory monitoring tests? Do they fail to complete them or do doctors not order the tests in the first place? Which prescribers and which patients are least likely to do what is needed for testing to happen and what interventions would be most promising? To address these questions, I conducted a systematic review of existing interventions. I then proceeded with three aims: 1) To identify reasons that patients give for missing monitoring tests; 2) To identify patient and provider factors associated with monitoring test ordering; and 3) To identify patient and provider factors associated with completion of ordered testing. To achieve these aims, I worked with patients and data at the Fallon Clinic. For aim 1, I conducted a qualitative analysis of their reasons for missing tests as well as reporting completion and ordering rates. For aims 2 and 3, I used electronic medical record data and conducted a regression with patient and provider characteristics as covariates to identify factors contributing to test ordering and completion. Interviews revealed that patients had few barriers to completion, with forgetting being the most common reason for missing a test. The quantitative studies showed that: older patients with more interactions with the health care system were more likely to have tests ordered and were more likely to complete them; providers who more frequently prescribe a drug were more likely to order testing for it; and drug-test combinations that were particularly dangerous, indicated by a black box warning, were more likely to have appropriate ordering, though for these combinations, primary care providers were less likely to order tests appropriately, and patients were less likely to complete tests. Taken together, my work can inform future interventions in laboratory monitoring and patient safety.

The Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) has promoted implementing a RRS to provide safer care for hospitalized patients. Additionally, the Joint Commission made implementing a RRS a 2008 National Patient Safety Goal. Although mandated, the evidence to support the effectiveness of a RRS to reduce cardiac arrests on hospital medical or surgical floors and un-anticipated ICU transfers remains inconclusive, partly because of weak study designs and partly due to a failure of published studies to report all critical aspects of their intervention. This study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness and the implementation of a RRS on the two campuses of the UMass Memorial Medical Center (UMMMC). The first study presented was an attempt to identify the preventability and timeliness of floor to ICU transfers. This was done using 3 chief residents who reviewed 100 randomly selected medical records. Using Cohen’s kappa to assess the inter-rater reliability it was determined that 13% of the cases could have possibly been preventable with earlier intervention. The second study was an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Rapid Response System. Outcomes were cardiac arrests, code calls and floor to ICU admissions. There were two study periods 24 months before the intervention and 24 months after. A Spline regression model was used to compare the two time periods. Though there was a consistent downward trend over all 4 years there were no statistically significant changes in the cardiac arrests and ICU transfers when comparing the before and after periods. There was a significant reduction in code calls to the floors on the University campus. The third study was a modified process evaluation of the Rapid Response intervention that will assess fidelity of RRS implementation, the proportion of the intended patient population that is reached by the RRS, the overall number of RRS calls implemented (dose delivered) and the perceptions of the hospital staff affected by the RRS with respect to acceptability and satisfaction with the RRS and barriers to utilization. The process evaluation showed that that the Rapid Response System was for the most part being used as it was designed, though the nurses were not using the specific triggers as a deciding factor in making the call. Staff satisfaction with the intervention was very high. Overall these studies demonstrated the difficulty in clearly defining outcomes and data collection in a large hospital system. Additionally the importance of different study designs and analysis methods are discussed.

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo la elaboración de una Propuesta de Transformación Digital sobre el proceso de registro de identificación, la cual toma como base la mejora de los procesos de TI a través de los lineamientos de COBIT PAM para el organismo estatal encargado de la identificación de los peruanos. Para lograr este propósito se identificarán los objetivos estratégicos de la institución y su relación con los procesos de TI. Posteriormente, se determinarán los procesos que serán revisados bajo el Modelo de Evaluación de Procesos de COBIT 5. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se elaborará un plan de mejora cuyo objetivo será cumplir con los criterios necesarios para lograr que los procesos de TI estén consolidados. Finalmente, teniendo un buen soporte de TI, se hará una propuesta de transformación digital para el proceso de registro de identificación que con la ayuda de un asistente virtual, basado en inteligencia artificial, brindará un servicio omnicanal a los ciudadanos. / This thesis aims to develop a Digital Transformation Proposal on the identification registration process, which is based on the improvement of IT processes through the COBIT PAM guidelines for the state body responsible for identification of the Peruvians. To achieve this purpose, the institution's strategic objectives and its relationship with IT processes will be identified. Subsequently, the processes that will be reviewed under the COBIT Process Evaluation Model 5 will be determined. Based on the results obtained, an improvement plan will be developed whose objective will be to meet the criteria necessary to ensure that the IT processes are consolidated. Finally, having a good IT support, a digital transformation proposal will be made for the identification registration process that, with the help of a virtual assistant, based on artificial intelligence, will provide an omnichannel service to citizens. / Tesis

[pt] A qualidade de um produto de software depende fortemente da qualidade do processo de software utilizado em seu desenvolvimento. Para auxiliar na definição de um processo de qualidade, existem diversos modelos de processo, modelos de maturidade e normas de qualidade. Entretanto, a tarefa de elaborar ou melhorar o processo de desenvolvimento de sistemas pode se tornar árdua devido à grande quantidade de informações disponíveis e decisões a serem tomadas. Outro grande problema é o risco de definição de um processo que não seja eficaz, ou seja, não melhore a qualidade dos sistemas ou somente aumente a burocracia no desenvolvimento. Esta dissertação apresenta uma abordagem para definição de processos de desenvolvimento de sistemas baseada nos conceitos da análise de sistemas, ressaltando a analogia existente entre a elaboração de um processo e de um software. Uma das principais características da abordagem é o enfoque na área de Gerência de Riscos, visando o controle dos riscos identificados na definição do processo bem como os possíveis riscos na execução do processo de desenvolvimento. / [en] Software quality depends heavily on the quality of the process used to develop it. In order to assist the definition of an adequate process, there are several process models, maturity models and quality standards. However, creating or improving a software development process may be tough due to the large amount of available information and decisions that have to be made. Another central problem is the risk of defining an ineffective process, that is, one that increases the bureaucracy but doesn`t improve the quality of the systems developed with its support. This dissertation presents an approach for defining software development processes based on the concepts of system analysis, based on the analogy between software and process elaboration. One of the most important attributes of this approach is the focus on Risk Management, considering the identified risks in the process definition as well the possible risks during software process execution.

Prominent definitions and theories of 'Creativity' provide core data for themes that frame the Creative Process Assessment Matrix (CPAM). Its framework is based on Wallas' stages of the creative process and the P theory (Person, thinking Process, Press/Persuasion and Product). The CPAM's structure and content was derived from current, reliable and valid research. Issues relating to assessment procedures, as well as psychological factors (blockers and stimulators) gave rise to the Creative Assessment Test Questionnaire (CATQ#4), containing questions that document creative assessment prerequisites. Recognized creativity tests (Word-Association, Instances and TCT-DP) were evaluated to determine whether they successfully address and test for relevant creative process criteria. Results indicated that all three tests only addressed a minority of CPAM's 60-point criteria. CPAM offers understanding of the environmental impact and influence on creativity, and renders it measurable. Finally, the CPAM measures the setting, sensory stimulation and what postulates the initial spark of creativity. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)